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Alteration in immune function in patients with fatty liver disease

Hepatoma research 2022年第1期8卷 363-375页

作者： Stephanie N.Gregory shruthi r.perati Zachary J.Brown Department of Surgery Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a disease spectrum that spans simple steatosis,fibrosis,and ultimately cirrhosis,and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease *** severe variant of NAFLD,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),is characterized by triglyceride accumulation within hepatocytes and the subsequent inflammatory pathway activation,ultimately progressing to cirrhosis in 10%-20%of *** is a known major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and there is emerging data demonstrating the impact of NASH on immune subsets and the tumor microenvironment that may influence therapeutic *** review describes the various ways in which the immune system is altered in patients with *** innate immune system in NASH shows alterations in dendritic and Kupffer cells,impaired cytotoxicity of Natural Killer cells,and an accumulation of ***,there is emerging evidence emphasizing the role of the adaptive immune system in the development and progression of NASH,seen in the alteration of B-cells,T-cells,and NKT *** to the complex interplay of the immune system in NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC,many current treatments focus on targeting immune cells for HCC ***,immune checkpoint inhibitors such as atezolizumab and bevacizumab have been approved as first-line therapy for unresectable *** an emerging field of research,further studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the complex interface of NASH,HCC and the immune response.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease steatohepatitis immunology hepatocellular carcinoma

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Performance Analysis of Wavelength Division Multiplexing Asynchronous Internet router Employing Space Priority Mechanism under Self-Similar Traffic Input—Multi-Server Queueing System with Markovian Input and Erlang-k Services

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第15期7卷 1707-1725页

作者： ravi Kumar Gudimalla Malla reddy perati Department of Mathematics Kakatiya University Warangal India

In this paper, we analyze the queueing behaviour of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) Internet router employing partial buffer sharing (PBS) mechanism with self-similar traffic input. In view of WDM technology in networking, each output port of the router is modelled as multi-server queueing system. To guarantee the quality of service (QoS) in Broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), PBS mechanism is a promising one. As Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) emulates self-similar Internet traffic, we can use MMPP as input process of queueing system to investigate queueing behaviour of the router. In general, as network traffic is asynchronous (unslotted) and of variable packet lengths, service times (packet lengths) are assumed to follow Erlang-k distribution. Since, the said distribution is relatively general compared to deterministic and exponential. Hence, specific output port of the router is modelled as MMPP/Ek/s/C queueing system. The long-term performance measures namely high priority and low priority packet loss probabilities and the short-term performance measures namely mean lengths of critical and non-critical periods against the system parameters and traffic parameters are computed by means of matrix-geometric methods and approximate Markovian model. This kind of analysis is useful in dimensioning the router under self-similar traffic input employing PBS mechanism to provide differentiated services (DiffServ) and QoS guarantee.

关键词： WDM Internet router Self-Similarity Partial Buffer Sharing Erlang-k Service Packet Loss Probability

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Study of Delay and Loss Behavior of Internet Switch-Markovian Modelling Using Circulant Markov Modulated Poisson Process (CMMPP)

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第3期5卷 512-519页

作者： ranadheer Donthi ramesh renikunta rajaiah Dasari Malla reddy perati Department of Mathematics Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science Warangal India Department of Mathematics Kakatiya University Warangal India Department of Mathematics Medak College of Engineering and Technolgy Medak India

Most of the classical self-similar traffic models are asymptotic in nature. Therefore, it is crucial for an appropriate buffer design of a switch and queuing based performance evaluation. In this paper, we investigate delay and loss behavior of the switch under self-similar fixed length packet traffic by modeling it as CMMPP/D/1 and CMMPP/D/1/K, respectively, where Circulant Markov Modulated Poisson Process (CMMPP) is fitted by equating the variance of CMMPP and that of self-similar traffic. CMMPP model is already the validated one to emulate the self-similar characteristics. We compare the analytical results with the simulation ones.

关键词： CMMPP Self-Similar Traffic Mean Waiting Time Packet Loss Probability Traffic Intensity Hurst Parameter Time-Scale

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