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Current status and future challenges with Coronavirus(COVID-19):an update on vaccines

Life Research 2023年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： Kumar Rakesh shriya gupta Anant gupta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchRohtak 124001India Department of Medicine and Surgery GurugramHaryana 122505India Department of Medicine and Surgery Jaipur National University of Medical Sciences and Research Centre JagatpuraJaipurRajasthan 302017India

SARS-COV-2 coronavirus causes COVID-19,which is a respiratory ***-19,the common cold,seasonal allergies,and the flu have many similar ***-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2,while rhinoviruses most often cause the common *** World Health Organization issued notifications on December 30,2019,and January 30,2020,classifying this viral disease as a Public Health Emergency of International ***-CoV-2 was detected in humans and animals in *** investigations are underway to cure COVID-19 and develop a vaccine to prevent infection with *** COVID-19 vaccines have now been approved or licensed for human use(SII/Covishield,AstraZeneca/AZD1222,Janssen/*** 2.S,Sinopharm,Moderna,Sinovac-CoronaVac,Covaxin).Four issues arise in the research and manufacture of the COVID-19 vaccine:production,affordability,allocation and *** adenovirus-vectored and mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 showed the highest efficacy after the first and second doses,*** mRNA-based vaccines had higher side *** few experienced extreme adverse effects and all stimulated robust immune responses.

关键词： COVID-19 viral life cycle pathophysiology COVID-19 vaccines

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General-motors diet: A quick fix for steatotic live liver donors

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iLIVER 2023年第3期2卷 151-155页

作者： Anish gupta Abhideep Chaudhary Gaurav Sood Niteen Kumar Imtiakum Jamir Aditya shriya Vipin Pal Singh Rekha Subramaniyam Hitesh Soni Milind Mandwar Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation BLK MAX Super Specialty HospitalNew DelhiIndia

Background and aims:GM(General-Motors)diet is a low-calorie 7-day diet plan using complex carbohydrates used for quick weight *** optimisation is known to decrease steatosis and improve outcomes in liver *** evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of using GM diet in steatotic live liver donors(LLD).Methods:LLDs who either had BMI>30 kg/m^(2),Computerised tomography liver attenuation index(CT-LAI)10%were started on GM diet for 1 *** of these LLDs and their recipients were retrieved retrospectively and ***,liver function tests(LFT),MR fat-frac-tion,CT-LAI,hospital-stay and complications were analysed in LLDs while early graft dysfunction(EGD)and complications were assessed in ***:A total of 51 LLDs with mean age of 34.6?9.5 years with baseline mean weight of 80.6±10.8 kg and BMI of 29.1±2.78 kg/m^(2) were started on GM *** a week of following the GM diet,there was an average weight loss of 3.46±2.1 kg,a decrease in fat-fraction by 3.8%±2.7,and an improvement in CT-LAI by 6.7?3.7 *** patients could successfully undergo donor hepatectomy with an average postoperative ICU stay of 2.86±0.8 days and hospital stay of 6.82?0.81 *** donor had steatosis>10% on intraoperative Tru-cut biopsy and their post-operative outcomes were similar to normal liver *** were intra-abdominal collections in 2 donors requiring drainage and one required re-exploration for intestinal *** was EGD in 8 recipients(15.6%)and mortality in 1(1.9%)***:GM diet is safe and effective regimen to reduce steatosis and increase healthy LLD pool without compromising donor or recipient safety.

关键词： Steatosis GM diet weight loss donor optimization LDLT donor hepatectomy donor outcomes

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Analyzing the Prebiotic Potential of Glucosamine for Targeting the Gut Microbiome Health

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第2期14卷 119-134页

作者： Pranav Pancham Divya Jindal Archita gupta Deepshikha Yadav shriya Agarwal Saurabh Jha Manisha Singh Department of Biotechnology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida India Neuroimmunology Laboratory School of Medicine Western Sydney University Campbelltown Australia Birla Institute of Technology Mesra India Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur Kanpur India Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India Physico-Mechanical Metrology Division CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia Department of Biotechnology School of Engineering and Technology Sharda University Greater Noida India

Recognizing the composition and modulation of the microbiome, a viable therapeutic tool for multi-targeted therapy is a new strategy that has recently been explored. Glucosamine (GS) is being studied for its prebiotic potential in addition to being the most abundant and naturally occurring amino monosaccharide. The current study focuses on glucosamine’s prebiotic potential by assessing the stability of various GS concentrations (1% - 5%) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its ability to be fermented by the gut microbiota. The results showed that GS stimulated the most growth in L. acidophilus even after a longer incubation time than B. bifidum and L. acidophilus growth was concentration-dependent, with maximum growth at 3% with a simultaneous decrease in pH (5.6 - 1.7). The decrease in GS concentration with time also represented the growth of bacterial species, demonstrating the species’ utilization of GS. Furthermore, at 3%, GS also represented the prebiotic index of 1.9. In addition, the concentration of GS in various simulated GIT fluids was estimated in both fast and fed conditions to examine GS stability at various levels in the gut. The results showed that GS remained unaffected and non-digestible in all of the simulated GIT fluids (salivary, gastric, intestinal, and colonic), but there was a slight decrease in GS concentration (2.8%) in the fasted state of gastric fluid due to low pH levels (1.6). As a result, the findings are conclusive and suggest that GS possesses prebiotic properties.

关键词： Microbiome Enteric Nervous System (ENS) Prebiotic Index Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) Vagal Afferents Phosphotransferase System

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