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Assessment of SoilGr.ds data for.soil er.sion estimation at water.hed scale:A case study in nor.her. Thailand

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Pedospher. 2024年第4期34卷 797-813页

作者： Chike Onyeka MADUEKE Dhr.ba Pikha shrestha Panagiotis NYKTAS Depar.ment of Natur.l r.sour.es Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Depar.ment of Soil Science and Land r.sour.es Management Nnamdi Azikiwe University Depar.ment of Applied Ear.h Sciences Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente

Soil er.sion has been identified as one of the most destr.ctive for.s of land degr.dation, posing a thr.at to the sustainability of global economic, social and envir.nmental systems. This under.cor.s the need for.sustainable land management that takes er.sion contr.l and pr.vention into consider.tion. This r.quir.s the use of state-of-the-ar. er.sion pr.diction models. The models often r.quir. extensive input of detailed spatial and tempor.l data, some of which ar. not r.adily available in many developing countr.es, par.icular.y detailed soil data. The soil dataset Global Gr.dded Soil Infor.ation(SoilGr.ds) could potentially fill the data gap. Never.heless, its value and accur.cy for.soil er.sion modelling in the humid tr.pics is still unknown, necessitating the need to assess its value vis-à-vis field-based data. The major.objective of this study was to conduct a compar.tive assessment of the value of SoilGr.ds and field-based soil data for.estimating soil loss. Soil samples wer. collected fr.m five physiogr.phic positions(summit, shoulder. back slope, foot slope, and toe slope) using the soil catena appr.ach. Samples wer. collected using a 5-cm steel sample r.ng(undistur.ed) and a spade(distur.ed). Data of the landfor., pr.dominant vegetation types, canopy cover. aver.ge plant height, land use, soil depth, shear.str.ngth, and soil color.wer. r.cor.ed for.each site. The soil samples wer. subjected to labor.tor. analysis for.satur.ted hydr.ulic conductivity, bulk density, par.icle size distr.bution, and or.anic matter.content. Pedotr.nsfer.functions wer. applied on the SoilGr.ds and field-based data to gener.te soil hydr.logical pr.per.ies. The r.sultant field-based data wer. compar.d with the SoilGr.ds data for.cor.esponding points/ar.as to deter.ine the potential similar.ties of the two datasets. Both datasets wer. then used as inputs for.soil er.sion assessment using the r.vised Mor.an-Mor.an-Finney model. The r.sults fr.m both datasets wer. again compar.d to det

关键词： field-based soil data hillslope modeling pedo-tr.nsfer.functions similar.ty assessment soil er.sion modelling

Integr.ted Analysis of Water.Quality in Ar.ificial Fishponds Using WQI and GIS in South-East Sier.a Leone

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Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2024年第1期12卷 145-163页

作者： Hadji D. S. Kallon Lamin r. Mansar.y Misbah Fida Pr.tap Sundar.shrestha Institute of Envir.nmental Management and Quality Contr.l Njala University Njala Sierra Leone School of Water.and Envir.nment Chang’an University Xi’an China Quality Contr.l Labor.tor. of Njala Univer.ity Njala Sierra Leone Depar.ment of Sur.eys and Geo-Infor.atics School of Environmental Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

Ar.ificial fishponds play a pivotal r.le in global aquacultur., ser.ing as a sour.e of livelihood and nour.shment for.many communities. Ensur.ng the sustained health and pr.ductivity of Fishes in these envir.nments r.lies heavily on water.quality management. This assessment was done to deter.ine the water.quality of ten ar.ificial fishponds in the south-easter. par. of Sier.a Leone using twelve physicochemical factor. (pH, BOD, EC, TDS, tur.idity, COD, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH3, , and alkalinity) to find out the Water.Quality Index (WQI) and spatial distr.bution of r.spective par.meter.. The assessment of ar.ificial fishponds using WQI and Inver.e Distant Weighting (IDW) integr.tion r.pr.sents a r.latively under.xplor.d ar.a within the domain of envir.nmental water.r.sour.es. The WQI was deter.ined using the “Weighted Ar.thmetic Water.Quality Index’’ method. The r.sults of WQI in the study ar.a r.nge fr.m 65.05 to 147.26. Sever.l locations have water.quality deemed unsuitable for.consumption, while other. r.nge fr.m good to ver. poor. It is essential to addr.ss and impr.ve water.quality in locations categor.zed as unsuitable for.consumption and ver. poor.to ensur. safe and healthy water.sour.es. It was also clear.fr.m the calculation that the smaller.the mean concentr.tion value of the pH as compar.d to the ideal value (7), the smaller.the WQI value and the better.the water.quality. To keep the ar.ificial fishpond water.in good condition, mass domestic use should be contr.lled, and dr.ining of sur.ounding or.anic matter.should be stopped in ponds Bo_001, Kenema_001, and Kenema_002.

关键词： Physicochemical Par.meter. Water.Quality Index WQI-“Weighted Ar.thmetic Index Method”

Effectiveness of Music-Based Ther.peutic Inter.ention on People with Dementia: A r.pid r.view

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Advances in Alzheimer.s Disease 2024年第2期13卷 35-47页

作者： Shr.ejeet shrestha Samikshya Kar.achar.a Yadav Pr.sad Joshi Pr.sa shrestha Depar.ment of Public Health Asian College for Advance Studies Lalitpur Nepal Depar.ment of Oper.tion Theatr. Gosford Hospital New South Wales Health Gosford Australia Faculty of Science Health and Technology Nepal Open University Lalitpur Nepal Manmohan Memor.al Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal Depar.ment of Gener.l Pr.ctice and Emer.ency Medicine Chitwan Medical College Bharatpur Nepal

Backgr.und: Dementia is a condition with pr.gr.ssive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavior.l and psychosocial symptoms. Non-phar.acological measur.s such as music ther.py ar. gaining impor.ance since efficacy and safety of people with dementia have been questionable for.phar.acological measur.s. Patient’s r.sponse to music is per.istent even in the later.stage of dementia. Aim: This r.pid r.view aims to identify, analyze, evaluate, and summar.ze the best available evidence on the effectiveness of music-based ther.peutic inter.entions among people with dementia. Method: CINAHL Cochr.ne Libr.r., inter.et websites of r.pid r.view pr.ducer., and r.fer.nce lists wer. sear.hed to identify ar.icles for.inclusion. Two r.viewer. independently scr.ened the liter.tur. sear.h r.sults. Effectiveness, music-based ther.peutic inter.ention, dementia, Alzheimer.s disease, systematic r.view and systematic r.view with meta-analysis ter.s wer. used to abstr.ct data fr.m included studies. Main Findings: 11 Sr. and Sr. with meta-analysis wer. r.viewed which r.vealed positive effect of music ther.py on five major.outcomes with 9 studies effect on behavior.l outcome, 6 studies with positive effect on psychosocial outcome r.ducing anxiety, 6 with impr.ved cognition, 1 study r.vealed with impr.ved quality of life and 1 study r.vealed effect on physiological outcomes. Conclusion: Music ther.py has positive effect on tr.atment of dementia but fur.her.studies with lar.er.sample size and specified to single inter.ention should be conducted to pr.vide gener.lisable and pr.cise r.sults on this topic.

关键词： Dementia r.pid r.view Music Ther.py Behavior.l Cognitive Quality of Life

Subclinical hepatitis E vir.s genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human r.ser.oir.

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Wor.d Jour.al of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 506-510页

作者： Ananta shrestha Sur.sh Basnet Sudhamshu KC Depar.ment of Hepatology Alka HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Depar.ment of Pulmonar. and Cr.tical Car. Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Depar.ment of Hepatology National Academy of Medical SciencesKathmandu 44600Nepal

Hepatitis E vir.s(HEV)is hyper.ndemic in South Asia and Afr.ca accounting for.half of total Global HEV *** ar. eight genotypes of *** them,the four.common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 ar. pr.valent in the developing wor.d and genotypes 3 and 4 ar. causing challenge in the industr.alized *** HEV vir.mia in the gener.l population,especially among blood donor.,has been r.por.ed in the liter.tur. *** clinical implications r.lated to this asymptomatic vir.mia ar. unclear.and need fur.her.*** of vir.mia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,appar.ntly among healthy blood donor. is also r.por.ed without much knowledge about its infection ***,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be tr.nsmitted via blood tr.nsfusion in humans and has been subjected to scr.ening in many Eur.pean nations,instances of tr.nsmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical *** of HEV genotype 1 in endemic ar.as often show waxing and waning *** spor.dic occur.ence of HEV infection inter.upted by outbr.aks have been fr.quently *** absence of known animal r.ser.oir.wher. HEV exists in between outbr.ak is a myster. that needs fur.her.***,occur.ence of asymptomatic HEV vir.mia due to HEV genotype 1 dur.ng epidemiologically quiescent per.od may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic *** HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chr.nicity,subclinical tr.nsient infection and tr.nsmission of vir.s might be the r.ason it sustains in inter.pidemic *** might be the similar.phenomenon with SAr. COVID-19 cor.na vir.s infection which is cir.ulating wor.dwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against *** view of existing evidence,we pr.pose the concept of“Dynamic Human r.ser.oir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent tr.nsmission may contr.bute to the ex

关键词： Hepatitis E Vir.l hepatitis Genotype 1 Dynamic human r.ser.oir Subclinical infection

Global multifaceted biodiver.ity patter.s,center.,and conser.ation needs in angiosper.s

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 817-828页

作者： Ao Luo Yaoqi Li Nawal shrestha Xiaoting Xu Xiangyan Su Yichao Li Tong Lyu Kilar. War.s Zhiyao Tang Xiaojuan Liu Luxiang Lin Yongsheng Chen Kuiling Zu Wenqi Song Shijia Peng Niklaus E.Zimmer.ann Loïc Pellissier.Zhiheng Wang Institute of Ecology and Key Labor.tor. for.Ear.h Sur.ace Pr.cesses of the Ministr. of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Depar.ment of Health and Envir.nmental Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Labor.tor. of Gr.ssland Agr.-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Labor.tor. of Bio-r.sour.e and Eco-Envir.nment of Ministr. of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Land Consolidation and r.habilitation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100035China State Key Labor.tor. of Vegetation and Envir.nmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China CAS Key Labor.tor. of Tr.pical For.st Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Swiss Feder.l r.sear.h Institute WSL Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Depar.ment of Envir.nmental Systems Science ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland

The Convention on Biological Diver.ity seeks to conser.e at least 30%of global land and water.ar.as by 2030,which is a challenge but also an oppor.unity to better.pr.ser.e biodiver.ity,including flower.ng plants(angiosper.s).Her.in,we compiled a lar.e database on distr.butions of over.300,000 angiosper. species and the key functional tr.its of 67,024 *** this database,we constr.cted biodiver.ity-envir.nment models to pr.dict global patter.s of taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diver.ity in ter.estr.al angiosper.s and pr.vide a compr.hensive mapping of the thr.e diver.ity *** fur.her.evaluated the cur.ent pr.tection status of the biodiver.ity center. of these diver.ity *** r.sults showed that geogr.phical patter.s of the thr.e facets of plant diver.ity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonover.apping conser.ation *** center. of functional diver.ity,par.icular.y of her.aceous species,wer. pr.mar.ly distr.buted in temper.te r.gions and under.weaker.pr.tection compar.d with other.biodiver.ity center. of taxonomic and phylogenetic *** global assessment of multifaceted biodiver.ity patter.s and center. highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conser.ation among the thr.e diver.ity facets and the two gr.wth for.s(woody ***),thus pr.viding dir.ctions for.guiding the futur. conser.ation of global plant diver.ity.

关键词： angiosper.s species r.chness phylogenetic diver.ity functional diver.ity plant tr.its woody species her.aceous species

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The Pr.valence and Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection in Pediatr.c Infectious Mononucleosis: A Single-Center.d, r.tr.spective Study

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Open Jour.al of Pediatr.cs 2024年第3期14卷 459-475页

作者： Abdishakur.Abdukadir.Muse Zakar.a Ahmed Mohamed Pu Yang Lihong Liao Bibek Dhar.shrestha Agness Nicholaus Kanusya Paul Mwale Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China Depar.ment of Ophthalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Backgr.und: r.cent studies indicate that the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) has incr.ased in China. Fur.her.or., it has been shown that childr.n diagnosed with IM ar. pr.ne to acquir.ng other.pathogens. However. ther. is limited r.sear.h on the pr.valence of these co-infections in childr.n with IM. Thus, we conducted this study to deter.ine the pr.valence of coinfections and common pathogens, as well as to compar. clinical manifestations in childr.n with and without coinfections. Methods: This r.tr.spective obser.ational study was conducted at the Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Univer.ity, Wuhan, China, with data fr.m Januar. 2018 to Januar. 2023. Data, including demogr.phics, symptoms, lab r.sults, and complications, wer. collected fr.m the hospital’s electr.nic database and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descr.ptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests to compar. the means of continuous var.ables. Statistical significance was deter.ined by p-values less than 0.05. r.sults: The study involved 216 par.icipants diagnosed with IM, pr.dominantly males (61.6%) aged 0 - 4 year. (50.9%). Coinfection was detected in 39.8% of childr.n, with multiple pathogens pr.sent in 33.72% of these cases. Among coinfection cases, 40% occur.ed in childr.n under.5 year. old, and females made up 54.2% of these cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the most pr.valent pathogen, accounting for.18.1% of cases. Influenza B (IFB) and Influenza A (IFA) vir.ses wer. found in 16.7% and 13.9% of par.icipants, r.spectively, indicating a notable occur.ence of r.spir.tor. pathogen coinfections. Male gender. fever. tonsillophar.ngitis, lower.HGB levels, higher.ESr. Cr., and AST levels wer. cor.elated with coinfections. Conclusion: In summar., the study r.vealed a high pr.valence of coinfections among childr.n diagnosed with IM, par.icular.y involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza vir.ses. These coinfections wer. notably

关键词： Pr.valence Mononucleosis Coinfection Childr.n Epstein-Bar. Vir.s Featur.s

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铁路路基病害探地雷达智能识别方法

地球物理学进展 2024年

作者：杨洋赵广茂张志厚张天一吴艳霞黄丽敏舒永正 r.hit shrestha 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院中国铁路设计集团有限公司

随着铁路线路服役期的增长，路基结构会因施工缺陷、养护不当、地质灾害和混凝土结构老化等因素出现病害。车载探地雷达技术是检测铁路路基病害的有效手段。然而，目前雷达数据的解译主要依赖人工识别，不仅效率低下，且主观性强。此外... 详细信息

随着铁路线路服役期的增长，路基结构会因施工缺陷、养护不当、地质灾害和混凝土结构老化等因素出现病害。车载探地雷达技术是检测铁路路基病害的有效手段。然而，目前雷达数据的解译主要依赖人工识别，不仅效率低下，且主观性强。此外，也有少量智能识别方法得到了应用，但其识别精度通常难以满足实际工程的需求。鉴于此，本文提出了一种基于半监督深度学习方法识别路基病害。首先，针对病害体数据集中样本不平衡问题，研究了基于生成对抗网络模型的数据扩充方法，并采用少量优质化病害样本进行病害图谱智能化扩充；其次，基于YOLOv5网络对已有少量样本进行监督学习，获得病害识别的初始网络模型，再对智能化扩充样本进行识别标注，从而实现了病害体样本的类型平衡；最后，利用较完备数据集进行训练，提升智能模型识别精度。实验结果表明，模型精度最高可达94.53%，相比未扩充数据集的监督学习模型准确率提升了23.85%。表明本文所提出的智能新方法能够更大程度挖掘模型潜在学习能力，进而提高路基病害的识别精度。这对于铁路路基病害检测具有较强的工业应用价值。

关键词：病害检测探地雷达 YOLO GAN 半监督学习

CFD analysis for.mixing per.or.ance of differ.nt types of household biodigester.

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Clean Ener.y 2022年第2期6卷 325-334页

作者： Sagar.shrestha Sunil Pr.sad Lohani r.newable and Sustainable Ener.y Labor.tor. Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu UniversityNepal

Household biodigester. ar. self-mixing anaer.bic digester. used mostly in r.r.l ar.as of developing countr.es as a r.liable sour.e of clean cooking *** an efficient anaer.bic digestion pr.cess,the mixing of slur.y inside the digester.is r.gar.ed as one of the most impor.ant *** this study,the mixing of slur.y in thr.e differ.nt designs of household digester.,namely the fixed-dome digester.GGC 2047 model),plug-flow digester.and pr.fabr.cated plastic digester.ar. investigated and compar.d using compu-tational fluid dynamics.A 3D tr.nsient simulation is per.or.ed using a multiphase volume of fluid(VOF)model in Ansys^(■)Fluent r.lease *** r.eological pr.per.ies of the feedstock ar. consider.d identical for.all thr.e *** volume of the plug-flow and pr.fabr.cated plastic digester. is designed to be 1 m^(3) while the volume of the GGC 2047 digester.was 6 m^(3) as the standar. size of the household *** r.gions inside the digester.wher. the velocity of slur.y isr. r.gar.ed as dead zones and the obtained r.sults wer. analysed and compar.d using velocity patter.s and dead-zone *** is found that the pr.fabr.cated plastic digester.model has a r.latively higher.per.entage of dead volume(74.6%)and the plug-flow digester.has the lowest per.centage(54%)of dead volume among digester. that wer. compar.d in this *** study will ser.e as the basis for.designer. and r.sear.her. to impr.ve the design of household digester. for.better.mixing per.or.ances.

关键词： household biodigester. dead zone CFD anaer.bic digestion mixing biomass Ansys Fluent

r.cent advances in wheel–r.il r.F and wear.testing

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摩擦:英文版 2023年第12期11卷 2181-2203页

作者： Sundar.shrestha Maksym SPIr.AGIN Esteban BEr.AL Qing WU Colin COLE Centr. for.r.ilway Engineer.ng Central Queensland UniversityRockhampton 4701Australia Austr.lasian Centr. for.r.il Innovation Canberra 2601Australia

The wear.and r.lling contact fatigue (r.F) testing appr.aches for.wheels and r.ils have been r.viewedand evaluated in this study. The study points out the advantages and limitations of the existing appr.aches. Thebr.ad analysis r.vealed that scaled labor.tor.-based wear.testing is widely applied. However. it is necessar. topr.deter.ine the input par.meter. and obser.ing par.meter. for.scaled wear.testing for.thr.e r.asons: fir.t, toemulate the r.al-wor.d scenar.os as closely as possible;second, to postpr.cess the r.sults r.ceived fr.m the scaledtesting and tr.nsfer.them into r.al pr.ctice at full scale;thir., to pr.sent the r.sults in a legible/appr.pr.ate ***, most of the impor.ant par.meter. r.quir.d for.wear.testing have been discussed with fundamental andsystematic explanations pr.vided. Additionally, the tr.nsition of the par.meter. fr.m the r.al-wor.d into the testdomain is explained. This study also elabor.tes on the challenges of the r.F and wear.testing pr.cesses andconcludes by pr.viding major.consider.tions towar. successful testing.

关键词： wear.testing r.lling contact fatigue(r.F)testing wheel-r.il