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Effect of Al content in molten steel on interaction between MgO-C refractory and SPHC steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第4期31卷 838-848页

作者： Fu-bin gao Fu-ming Wang xiang Zhang Tian-yu du Xin-hua Wangg School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Handan Iron and Steel Company Hegang GroupHandan 056015HebeiChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

The effect of Al content in molten steel on the interaction between SPHC steel(0.005-0.068 wt.%Al,and 19×10^(-4)-58×10^(-4)wt.%O)and MgO-C refractory(11.63 wt.%C)was ***-metallic inclusions in the steel were examined at various periods(0,5,15,30,45,and 60 min)as well as the MgO-C interface after 60 min of corrosion at 1600℃.The results show that when MgO-C refractory comes into contact with SPHC steel,the refractory interface consists of three layers arranged from the innermost to the outermost,including the original refractory layer,the dense MgO layer,and the iron infiltration *** carbon in the MgO-C refractories and the Al content in the molten steel undergo a reaction with the MgO in the refractories,resulting in an increase in Mg concentration in the *** Al content in the molten steel from 0.005 to 0.068 wt.%causes a spinel layer to appear at the interface,and the disappearance time of Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions in the steel decreases from 60 to 30 min,while the average MgO content in inclusions ***,controlling the Al content in the molten steel and the smelting duration can help regulate the formation of spinel inclusionsinthe steel.

关键词： MgO-C refractory SPHC steel Inclusion-Spinel Al-killed steel Interfacial reaction

Sexual size monomorphism may evolve in lizards with a body size maximizing reproductive performance for both sexes

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 277-283页

作者： Hong-Liang lu Jian-Fang gao Kun Guo xiang Ji Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121ZhejiangChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection College of Life and Environmental SciencesWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina

We used Takydromus septentrionalis,a sexually size-monomorphic lacertid lizard,as a model system to test the hypothesis that sexual size monomorphism may evolve in lizards where reproductive performance is maximized at a similar body size for both *** allowed lizards housed in laboratory enclosures to lay as many clutches(for females)as they could or to mate as many times(for males)as they could in a breeding ***-assortative mating was weak but evident in ***,as revealed by the fact that male and female snout–vent lengths(SVLs)in mating pairs were significantly and positively *** frequency(indicative of male reproductive performance)varied from 1 to 8 per breeding season,generally increasing as SVL increased in adult males smaller than 67.4 mm *** frequency varied from 1 to 7 per breeding season,with female reproductive performance(determined by clutch frequency,annual fecundity,and annual reproductive output)maximized in females with a SVL of 68.0 *** to our hypothesis,the reproductive performance was maximized in the intermediate sized rather than the largest individuals in both sexes,and the body size maximizing reproductive performance was similar for both *** work could usefully investigate other lineages of lizards with sexually monomorphic species in a phylogenetic context to corroborate the hypothesis of this study.

关键词： annual fecundity annual reproductive output clutch frequency mating frequency Takydromus septentrionalis

Tail loss affects fecundity but not offspring traits in the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 228-235页

作者： Hongliang lu Jianfang gao Xiaohao MA Zhihua LIN xiang JI Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution School of Life and Environmental Sciences Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310036 China School of Ecology Lishui University Lishui Zhejiang 323000 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210046 China

We used the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis as a model animal to study the effects of tail loss on reproductive in- vestment and offspring traits. A total of 147 wild-captured adult females were divided into four groups according to their tail con- ditions. Tail breaks occurred most frequently in the proximal portion of the tail and least frequently in the distal portion, with the middle portion in between. This finding suggests that tail breaks occurring in nature often entails substantial energetic costs in E. chinensis where the tail is a major site of energy storage. The proportion of females that laid eggs was higher in females with in- tact or completely regenerated tails than in those with broken tails. Following whole-tail autotomy, the clutch size was reduced by 17%, and the clutch mass was reduced by 14%. Females undergoing substantial tail autotomy reduced reproductive investment, and they did so by reducing the number but not the size of eggs produced. None of the egg and hatchling traits was affected by tail loss. Comparing our data with those reported for other oviparous and viviparous skinks allows us to draw two general conclu- sions： one is that fecundity （clutch or litter size） is affected by tail loss in all species so far studied, whereas offspring size is af- fected by tail loss in some species, but not in others; the other is that the reduction in fecundity following tail loss is more evident in species lacking abdominal fat bodies

关键词： Scincid lizard Costs of tail autotomy Fecundity Offspring size Morphology Locomotor performance

Naphthalene decomposition in a DC corona radical shower discharge

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第1期12卷 71-77页

作者： Ming-jiang NI Xu SHEN xiang gao Zu-liang WU Hao lu State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310015 China Division of Combustion Physics Lund University S-22100 Lund Sweden

The naphthalene decomposition in a corona radical shower discharge (CRS) was investigated, with attention paid to the influences of voltage and initial naphthalene density. The OH emission spectra were investigated so as to know the naphthalene decomposing process. The by-products were analyzed and a decomposing theory in discharge was proposed. The results showed that higher voltage and relative humidity were effective on decomposition. The initial concentration affected the decomposing efficiency of naphthalene. When the initial naphthalene density was 17 mg/m3, the decomposition rate was found to be 70% under 14 kV. The main by-products were carbon dioxide and water. However, a small amount of carbonic oxide, 1,2-ethanediol and acetaldehyde were found due to the incomplete oxidization.

关键词： Naphthalene decomposition Corona Discharge OH radical

Studies on Crystal Orientation of ZnO Film on Sapphire Using High-throughout X-ray Diffraction

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2007年第1期23卷 1-4页

作者： HOU Chang-min HUANG Ke-ke gao Zhong-min LI xiang-shan FENG shou-hua ZHANG Yuan-tao ZHU Hui-chao du Guo-tong State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China Received Apr. 26 2006

The orientation of the nano-columnar ZnO films grown on sapphire using the technique of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition （MOCVD） exhibits deviation because of the mismatch between the crystal lattices of the films and the sapphire substrate. A high-throughout X-ray diffraction method was employed to determine the crystal orientation of the ZnO films at a time scale of the order of minutes based on the general area detection diffraction system （GADDS）. This rapid, effective, and ready method, adapted for characterizing the orientation of the nano-columnar crystals is used to directly explain the results of observation of the X-ray diffraction images, by the measurements of the orientations of the crystal columns of the ZnO films along c-axis and in parallel to ab plane.

关键词： Orientation ZnO films MOCVD

Sodium Bisulfite： An Efficient Catalyst for Ether Formation via Dehydration of Aromatic/Aliphatic Alcohol

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第6期29卷 1180-1184页

作者： Wang, Hui Zhu, Xingfei lu, Yangning Li, Yue gao, xiang Chemistry Department Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Straightforward etherification of benzyl alcohols （1） via intermolecular dehydration can be efficiently catalyzed by sodium bisulfite under solvent-free conditions. In the presence of 0.3 mol% or 0.6 mol% amount of sodium bisulfite, symmetric and unsymmetric ethers are prepared from the corresponding alcohols in high yields （up to 95%）. Etherification of benzhydryl alcohols is also discussed.

关键词： sodium bisulfite etherification dehydration aromatic alcohol aliphatic alcohol

3D core-shell nanofibers framework and functional ceramic nanoparticles synergistically reinforced composite polymer electrolytes for high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal battery

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 425-432页

作者： Hengying xiang Nanping Deng lu.gao Wen Yu Bowen Cheng Weimin Kang State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China

Satisfactory ionic conductivity,excellent mechanical stability,and high-temperature resistance are the prerequisites for the safe application of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs).In this study,a novel poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)-core/poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-shell nanofiber membrane and the functional Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)ceramic nanopar-ticle are simultaneously introduced into the PEO-based SPEs to prepare composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs).The core PMIA layer of composite nanofibers can greatly improve the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the CPEs,while the shell PEO layer can provide the 3D continuous transport channels for lithium *** addition,the introduction of functional LLZTO nanoparticle not only reduces the crys-tallinity of PEO,but also promotes the dissociation of lithium salts and releases more Li^(+)ions through its interaction with the Lewis acid-base of anions,thereby overall improving the transport of lithium ***,the optimized CPEs present high ionic conductivity of 1.38×10^(−4)S/cm at 30℃,signifi-cantly improved mechanical strength(8.5 MPa),remarkable thermal stability(without obvious shrinkage at 150℃),and conspicuous Li dendrites blocking ability(>1800 h).The CPEs also both have good com-patibility and cyclic stability with LiFePO_(4)(>2000 cycles)and high-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC811)(>500 cycles)*** addition,even at low temperature(40℃),the assembled LiFePO4/CPEs/Li bat-tery still can cycle *** novel design can provide an effective way to exploit high-performance solid-state electrolytes.

关键词： Composite polymer electrolytes Core-shell structured nanofiber Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)ceramic nanoparticle All-solid-state lithium metal batteries Outstanding thermal stability and electrochemical performance

Degradation of benzothiophene in diesel oil by LaZnAl layered double hydroxide: photocatalytic performance and mechanism

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Petroleum Science 2019年第1期16卷 173-179页

作者： Li-Guo gao Huan-xiang Li Xiao-Li Song Wan-lu Li xiang-Rong Ma School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yulin University Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University

A new type of photocatalytic La^(3+)–Zn^(2+)–Al^(3+)–MoO_4^(2-) layered double hydroxide(LDH) material(molar ratio, La/Zn/Al = 1:7:2) was prepared by a complexing agent-assisted homogeneous precipitation technique. The structure of the prepared LDH material was systematically studied. Under UV irradiation, the desulfurization efficiency of the LDH material was 87% in 2 h. For La^(3+)–Zn^(2+)–Al^(3+)–MoO_4^(2-) LDH material, the introduction of MoO_4^(2-) increased the interlayer space for promoting the adsorption of benzothiophene(BT), and MoO_4^(2-) might provide active sites for the oxidation of BT, resulting in the high desulfurization efficiency.

关键词： LDH Homogeneous precipitation Photocatalytic activities Catalytic oxidation mechanism

Efficient practical codebook-precoding MIMO scheme based on signal space diversity

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2016年第1期27卷 1-9页

作者： Zhanji Wu xiang gao School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

A novel practical codebook-precoding multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） system based on signal space diversity（SSD） with the minimum mean squared error（MMSE）receiver is *** scheme utilizes rotation modulation and space-time-frequency component interleaving.A novel precoding matrix selection criterion to maximize the average signal to interference plus noise ratio（SINR） is also put forward for the proposed scheme,which has a larger average mutual information（AMI）.Based on the AMI- maximization criterion,the optimal rotation angles for the proposed system are also *** new scheme can make full use of space-time-frequency diversity and signal space diversity,and exhibit high spectral efficiency and high reliability in fading *** results show that the proposed scheme greatly outperforms the conventional bit- interleaved coded modulation（BICM） MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） scheme without SSD,which is up to4.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） gain.

关键词： signal space diversity(SSD) average mutual information(AMI) Turbo code multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) minimum mean squared error(MMSE).