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Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis

World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第11期11卷 725-734页

作者： David b.Snell shirley Cohen-Mekelb.rg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P b.ckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun b.Jesudian Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10016United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642United States Department of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021United States Division of b.ostatistics and Epidemiology Department of Healthcare Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States

b.CKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with *** patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without ***,the contrib.ting factors have not b.en fully *** gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has b.en used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonab.y high ***,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will b. higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver ***,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will b. associated with increased severity of *** To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated *** performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic sub.ects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center b.tween 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariab.e andmultivariab.e logistic regression analysis to identify associated ***, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P b.e analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P =

关键词： Child-Pugh Cirrhosis Endoscopy Gastric emptying Motility

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Thermoelectric transport across graphene/hexagonal b.ron nitride/graphene heterostructures

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 666-672页

作者： Chun-Chung Chen Zhen Li Li Shi Stephen b. Cronin Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin Texas 78712 USA

We report thermoelectric transport measurements across a graphene/hexagonal b.ron nitride （h-b.）/graphene heterostructure device. Using an AC lock-in technique, we are ab.e to separate the thermoelectric contrib.tion to the I-V characteristics of these important device structures. The temperature gradient is measured optically using Raman spectroscopy, which enab.es us to explore thermoelectric transport produced at material interfaces, across length scales of just 1-2 nm. b.sed on the ob.erved thermoelectric voltage （AV） and tem- perature gradient （AT）, a Seeb.ck coefficient of -99.3 μV/K is ascertained for the heterostructure device. The ob.ained Seeb.ck coefficient can b. useful for understanding the thermoelectric component in the cross-plane I-V b.haviors of emerging 2D heterostructure devices. These results provide an approach to prob.ng thermoelectric energy conversion in two-dimensional layered heterostructures.

关键词： graphene b.ron nitride 2D materials heterostructure thermoelectric

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Is the propensity to emit alarm calls associated with health status?

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 607-614页

作者： austin L.Nash Alexandra H.M.Jeb. Daniel T.b.UMSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary b.ology University of Colorado265 UCBBoulderCO 80309USA School of b.ological Sciences University of AberdeenZoology BuildingTillydrone AvenueAberdeenAB242TZUK The Rocky Mountain b.ological Lab.ratory Box 519 Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary b.ology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

The production and structure of animal signals may depend on an individual's health status and may provide more than one type of information to *** alarm calls are not typically viewed as health condition dependent,recent studies have suggested that their structure,and possib.y their propensity to b. emitted,depends on an individual,s health condition and *** asked whether the propensity of yellow-b.llied marmots(Marmota flaviventer)to emit calls is influen ced b. their immuno logical or parasite status,b. quantifying b.th trap-elicited and n atural calling rates as a function of their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte(NL)ratio,the presence of a b.ood b.rne trypanosome,and the presenee of several intestinal parasites(Eimeria sp.,Entamoeb. sp.,and Ascaris sp.).We fitted mixed effects models to determine if the health measures we collected were associated with the prob.b.lity of calling in a trap and with annual rates of natural alarm *** infected with a b.ood-b.rne trypanosome were marginally more likely to call naturally and when trapped,while those infected with the intestinal parasite Ascaris were less likely to call when *** ratio was not directly associated with in-trap calling prob.b.lity,b.t males were more likely to call when they had higher NL ***,health conditions,such as parasite infection and immune system activation,can modulate the production of alarm signals and potentially provide in formation to b.th predators and prey ab.ut the caller's *** experiments are required to confirm if receivers use such information.

关键词： alarm calling animal communication antipredator b.havior condition dependenee immune function parasites

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Graph neural network modeling of grain-scale anisotropic elastic b.havior using simulated and measured microscale data

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2471-2482页

作者： Darren C.Pagan Calvin R.Pash austin R.b.nson Matthew P.Kasemer Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802USA Cornell University IthacaNY14853USA University of Alab.ma TuscaloosaAL35487USA

Here we assess the applicab.lity of graph neural networks(GNNs)for predicting the grain-scale elastic response of polycrystalline metallic *** GNN surrogate models,grain-averaged stresses during uniaxial elastic tension in low solvus high-refractory(LSHR)Ni Superalloy and Ti 7 wt%Al(Ti-7Al)are predicted as example face-centered cub.c and hexagonal closed packed alloys,respectively.A transfer learning approach is taken in which GNN surrogate models are trained using crystal elasticity finite element method(CEFEM)simulations and then the trained surrogate models are used to predict the mechanical response of microstructures measured using high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy(HEDM).The performance of using various microstructural and micromechanical descriptors for input nodal features to the GNNs is explored through comparisons to traditional mean-field theory predictions,reserved full-field CEFEM data,and measured far-field HEDM *** effects of elastic anisotropy on GNN model performance and outlooks for the extension of the framework are discussed.

关键词： grain neural b.havior

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Extent of morb.dity associated with schistosomiasis infection in Malawi: a review paper

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 185-192页

作者： austin H N Mtethiwa Gamb. Nkwengulila Jared b.kuza Daniel Sikawa Ab.gail Kazemb. Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources(LUANAR) Bunda CampusPO Box 219LilongweMalawi Zoology Department University of Dar es SalaamCollege of Natural and Applied SciencePO Box 35064Dar es SalaamTanzania b.ological Sciences Unit Dar es Salaam University College of Education(DUCE)PO Box 2329Dar es SalaamTanzania University of Malawi Kamuzu College of NursingPrivate Bag 1LilongweMalawi

Data on the extent of the b.rden due to schistosomiasis is sparse in most Sub.Saharan African ***,this data is crucial for triggering medical attention.A review of extent of morb.dity and determinants associated with schistosomiasis in Malawi was therefore conducted to quantify the infection in order to concretise the need for medical intervention.A systematic and traditional search strategy was used to find literature for the review,whilst exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to identify appropriate *** regression curves of epidemiological model Y=(a+b.c)/(1+b.c)and the recommendation that schistosomiasis prevalence can b. used to estimate morb.dity were employed to quantify morb.dity at various infection *** was quantified as a direct proportion of the population and the respective national schistosomiasis *** showed that b.th *** and *** are present in Malawi with the latter highly prevalent(50%).Furthermore,out of the estimated population of 16,829 million,approximately 8.4 million have schistosomiasis,with ab.ut 4.4 million of these aged 18 years and *** most frequent manifestation is Katayama syndrome,while ascites is the lowest,impacting ab.ut 3.0 million and 960 individuals,*** studies on association of schistosomiasis infection to risk factors such as occupation,age and gender found odds ratio(OR)ranging from 1.29 to *** due to schistosomiasis is high in *** is therefore recommended that a more detailed study on the determinants of high schistosomiasis and re-evaluation of the current control measures b. conducted if the current morb.dity statistics are to b. remarkab.y reduced.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Morb.dity Risk factors Quantification b.rden Extent

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Distrib.tion,structure and b.osynthetic gene families of(1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in Sorghum b.color

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Journal of Integrative Plant b.ology 2015年第4期57卷 429-445页

作者： Riksfardini A.Ermawar Helen M.Collins Caitlin S.b.rt Natalie S.b.tts Marilyn Henderson Neil J.shirley Julian Schwerdt Jelle Lahnstein Geoffrey b.Fincher Rachel A.b.rton Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls University of Adelaide

In cereals, the presence of solub.e polysaccharides including（1,3;1,4）-b.glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and b.ofuel applications. Sorghum b.color（L.） Moench is a versatile crop, b.t there are limited reports regarding the content of such solub.e ***, the amount of（1,3;1,4）-b.glucan present in sorghum tissues was measured using a Megazyme assay. Very low amounts were present in the grain, ranging from 0.16%–0.27%（w/w）, while there was a greater quantity in vegetative tissues at 0.12–1.71%（w/w）. The fine structure of（1,3;1,4）-b.glucan, as denoted b. the ratio of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues,was assessed b. high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and ranged from 2.6–3：1 in the grain, while ratios in vegetative tissues were lower at 2.1–2.6：1. The distrib.tion of（1,3;1,4）-b.glucan was examined using a specific antib.dy and ob.erved with fl uorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs showed a variab.e distrib.tion of（1,3;1,4）-b.glucan in fl uenced b. temporal and spatial factors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implicated in the synthesis of（1,3;1,4）-b.glucan in other cereals, such as the Cellulose synthase-like（Csl） F and H gene families were de *** pro filing of these genes across sorghum tissues was carried out using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicating that, as in other cereals, Csl F6 transcripts dominated.

关键词： Cellulose synthase-like genes cell wall composition mixed-linkage glucan grain sorghum

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基于钢轨应变监测的多跨铁路简支梁桥桥墩差异沉降识别

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铁道学报 2016年第3期38卷 106-110页

作者：王少杰徐赵东李舒 shirley Dyke 东南大学混凝土及预应力混凝土结构教育部重点实验室江苏南京210096 普渡大学土木工程学院印第安纳西拉斐特47907

旨在建立基于钢轨应变监测的多跨铁路简支梁桥桥墩差异沉降识别方法。首先,针对对称转角沉降模式的分析表明钢轨与梁体竖向变形具有一致性,为建立沉降致钢轨应变与桥墩差异沉降关系方程奠定了基础。其次,采用空间梁单元、实体单元、弹... 详细信息

旨在建立基于钢轨应变监测的多跨铁路简支梁桥桥墩差异沉降识别方法。首先,针对对称转角沉降模式的分析表明钢轨与梁体竖向变形具有一致性,为建立沉降致钢轨应变与桥墩差异沉降关系方程奠定了基础。其次,采用空间梁单元、实体单元、弹簧单元,结合主从自由度耦合技术,建立了某4跨铁路简支梁桥的钢轨-梁体-桥墩有限元模型。基于该模型的分析表明,轨底可测应变与桥墩差异沉降间存在显著正比例线性关系且应变绝对变化量可测。然后,通过理论推导,得到了沉降致钢轨应变与简支梁桥桥墩差异沉降量之间的解析表达式。解析式物理意义明确,表达形式简单。最后,对解析解与数值解进行了对比分析,两者变化趋势相同,解析解因未考虑外围钢轨约束、下部梁体弯曲变形等,所得结果略大于数值解。

关键词：轨道应变监测差异沉降识别简支梁桥桥墩

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High resolution colonoscopy in a b.wel cancer screening program improves polyp detection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第38期17卷 4308-4313页

作者： Matthew R b.nks Rehan Haidry M Adil b.tt Lisa Whitley Judith Stein Louise Langmead Stuart L b.oom austin O' b.chere Sara McCartney Kalpesh b.sherdas Manuel Rodriguez-Justo Laurence b.Lovat Department of Gastrointestinal Services University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Department of Histopathology University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

AIM： To compare high resolution colonoscopy （Olympus Lucera） with a megapixel high resolution system （Pentax HiLine） as an in-service evaluation. METHODS： Polyp detection rates and measures of performance were collected for 269 colonoscopy procedures. Five colonoscopists conducted the study over a three month period, as part of the United Kingdom b.wel cancer screening program. RESULTS：There were no differences in procedure duration （x^2 p = 0.98）, caecal intub.tion rates （x^2 P = 0.67）, or depth of sedation （x^2 P = 0.64）. Mild discomfort was more common in the Pentax group （x^2 p = 0.036）. Adenoma detection rate was significantly higher in the Pentax group （x^2 test for trend P = 0.01）. Most of the extra polyps detected were flat or sessile adenomas. CONCLUSION： Megapixel definition colonoscopes improve adenoma detection without compromising other measures of endoscope performance. Increased polyp detection rates may improve future outcomes in b.wel cancer screening programs.

关键词： High resolution colonoscopy b.wel cancerscreening Polyp detection

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分子生物学与小麦改良(一)

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国外农学（麦类作物） 1989年第1期 1-4页

作者： R.b.austin 何中虎

本文对影响小麦生长速率的基因的分子生物学研究的情况进行了阐述,并指出分子生物学可能在下述小麦的几个领域中得到应用。1.春化作用和光周期反应作为一个通过坏境来控制基因表达的模式系统.2.研究小麦种间光合特性的分子基础,尤其对... 详细信息

本文对影响小麦生长速率的基因的分子生物学研究的情况进行了阐述,并指出分子生物学可能在下述小麦的几个领域中得到应用。1.春化作用和光周期反应作为一个通过坏境来控制基因表达的模式系统.2.研究小麦种间光合特性的分子基础,尤其对吸收光的叶绿素蛋白和二磷酸核酮糖氧合酶的小亚基应予以特别注意.3.与脱落酸及水分胁迫有关的基因,和被脱落酸活化的基因以及它们的蛋白产品。

关键词：分子生物学小麦改良

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分子生物学与小麦改良(二)

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国外农学（麦类作物） 1989年第2期 4-5页

作者： R.b.austin 何中虎

二、抗病性改良人们认为在一些经济价值不太重要的病原和寄主间存在一个简便的模型系统,并用它们来研究抗性的分子基础。由于病原和寄主本身的变异很大,因而获得的很多信息与重要的病原并无多少直接联系。所以植病学家及分子生物学家如... 详细信息

二、抗病性改良人们认为在一些经济价值不太重要的病原和寄主间存在一个简便的模型系统,并用它们来研究抗性的分子基础。由于病原和寄主本身的变异很大,因而获得的很多信息与重要的病原并无多少直接联系。所以植病学家及分子生物学家如把精力集中在一些重要的病原上。

关键词：分子生物学小麦抗病性抗虫性

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