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Acu-TENS lowers blood lactate levels and enhances heart rate recovery after exercise

Journal of Traditional chinese Medical Sciences 2014年第1期1卷 73-80页

作者： Alice Y.M.Jones shirley p.c.ngai School of Allied Health Sciences Griffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Objective:The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation over acupuncture points(Acu-TENS)on postexercise blood lactate *** secondary aim is to explore the effect of Acu-TENS on heart rate recovery and its association with autonomic nervous ***:Twenty healthy subjects(mean age 26.91.3)acting as their own controls,were randomized to receive either Acu-TENS or placebo-TENS as the first of two intervention protocols,implemented one week *** Acu-TENS,subjects received 45 min TENS bilaterally over the acupoints Neiguan(pc6).Subjects receiving placebo-TENS had identical electrode placement but with no electrical output from the TENS unit despite an active output *** were followed by a 10-min ergometer exercise at 70%age-predicted maximal heart *** consumption and heart rate(HR)were recorded continuously throughout *** lactate and blood pressure were taken at 4 time points:prior to,immediately after,at 15-min after exercise,and when HR had returned to baseline ***:The post-exercise blood lactate level in the Acu-TENS group was lower than that of the placebo group by 1.120.39 mmol/L(p Z 0.01).The Acu-TENS group also had a faster return of HR to pre-exercise level compared to placebo(9.984.54 min,p Z 0.047).Heart rate variability analysis inferred reduced sympathetic modulation during exercise after *** was no between-group difference in post-exercise oxygen ***:Acu-TENS lowered post-exercise blood lactate level and enhanced heart rate recovery after moderate *** role of Acu-TENS in exercise performance and energy metabolism warrants further investigation.(*** Identifier:NcT01102634)a 2014 Beijing University of chinese *** and hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the cc BY-Nc-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)

关键词： Acu-TENS Blood lactate Heart rate Heart rate variability

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Skin Impedance at Acupuncture point Dingchuan in Subjects with and without Asthma

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中国康复医学杂志 2009年第6期24卷 481-484页

作者： ngai shirley pui-ching Jones Alice Yee-men Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytech- nic University Hong Kong

Objective:Asthma can be a disabling disease and despite advances in pharmacology,the prevalence of this condition globally remains high and accounts for a significant proportion of public health care *** pharmacology is the mainstay of asthma management,drug side effects have promoted alternative therapeutic interventions,such as *** points have a lower skin impedance compared to non-acupuncture *** impairment is associated with changes in skin impedance at system-specific acupuncture *** of skin impedance changes may assist in the early diagnosis of asthma and monitoring the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for this ***:This study compared skin impedance at acupuncture point Dingchuan(EX-B1),in 92 subjects with normal health(47 subjects,age 32.6 ±1.67yr) and those diagnosed with asthma(45 subjects,age 42.4 ±1.80 yr).Skin impedance was measured using a 2-electrode impedance meter bilaterally at EX-B1,0.5 "cun" lateral to the lower border of 7th cervical ***:The study showed that skin impedance was significantly higher at acupuncture point EX-B1 in subjects with asthma(29.4 ± 21 kΩ) compared to subjects with normal health(13.8±7.9 kΩ)(p=0.013).Skin impedance was negatively correlated to forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1,r=-0.59,p=0.012 in females;and r=-0.68,p=0.015 in males).A receiver operator characteristic(ROc) curve revealed an optimum cut-off point of 35 kΩ for male and 10 kΩ for female ***:We conclude that EX-B1 skin impedance is higher in patients with asthma and skin impedance might be a possible adjunctive parameter for assisting diagnosis and monitoring asthmatic status.

关键词：哮喘治疗方法临床分析诊断方法

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An Approach to Quantify the Heat Wave Strength and price a Heat Derivative for Risk Hedging

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第1期29卷 1-9页

作者： Samuel S. p.SHEN Benedikt KRAMpS shirley X.SUN Barbara BAILEY Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State University

Mitigating the heat stress via a derivative policy is a vital financial option for agricultural producers and other business sectors to strategically adapt to the climate change scenario. This study has provided an approach to identifying heat stress events and pricing the heat stress weather derivative due to persistent days of high surface air temperature （SAT）. cooling degree days （cDD） are used as the weather index for trade. In this study, a call-option model was used as an example for calculating the price of the index. Two heat stress indices were developed to describe the severity and physical impact of heat waves. The daily Global Historical climatology Network （GHcN-D） SAT data from 1901 to 2007 from the southern california, USA, were used. A major california heat wave that occurred 20-25 October 1965 was studied. The derivative price was calculated based on the call-option model for both long-term station data and the interpolated grid point data at a regular 0.1~ x0.1~ latitude-longitude grid. The resulting comparison indicates that （a） the interpolated data can be used as reliable proxy to price the cDD and （b） a normal distribution model cannot always be used to reliably calculate the cDD price. In conclusion, the data, models, and procedures described in this study have potential application in hedging agricultural and other risks.

关键词： heat derivative price heat wave risk cooling degree day call option payoff southern california

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Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Nkporo Group(campanian-Maastrichtian),Anambra Basin,Nigeria

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Journal of palaeogeography 2013年第2期2卷 192-208页

作者： shirley O.Odunze Gordian c.Obi Department of Geology Anambra State UniversityUliNigeria

Integration of sedimentologic and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of the Nkporo Group has provided the basis for a basin-wide framework for prediction of potential source,seal and reservoir rocks in the Anambra Basin,*** and biostratigraphic data show that the Nkporo Group in the Anambra Basin contains three main facies associations(fluvio deltaic facies,estuarine central basin/shallow shelf facies and estuarine channel fill facies) that determine the reservoir containers,flow units and *** units are arranged to form two stratigraphic sequences represented by the Nkporo Shale-Owelli Sandstone and Owelli Sandstone-Enugu Shale successions,*** transgressive systems tract in each sequence comprises coarse grained fluvio deltaic sandstone and an overlying open marine black carbonaceous mud *** highstand systems tracts comprise delta front deposits with average porosity,permeability and net-to-gross values estimated in the ranges of 30%,3000 md and 0.9,*** fluvio deltaic and delta front facies which are encased in organically rich estuarine central basin/shallow shelf mud rocks are likely the potential *** capacity is enhanced by the presence of several N-S trending normal faults,and other microstructures related to the post-Santonian tensional regime in the *** new information presented in this paper on potential seal,source and reservoir lithofacies within the Nkporo Group should serve as a useful contribution to the geological modelling of reservoirs within the Late cretaceous-paleocene succession in the Anambra Basin.

关键词： fluvio deltaic facies estuarine central basin estuarine channel sequence stratigraphy reservoir Nkporo Group Late cretaceous-paleocene Anambra Basin Nigeria

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Surface Wettability and chemistry of Ozone perfusion processed porous collagen Scaffold

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 223-233页

作者： chaozong Liu shirley Z. Shen 乙hiwu Han School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7R U UK polymer composite & Nanomaterials CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology Highett Vic 3190 Australia Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education China) Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

crosslinking treatment of collagen has often been used to improve the biological stability and mechanical properties of 3D porous collagen scaffolds. However, accompanying these improvements, the collagen fibril surface becomes hydrophobic nature resulting in a reduced surface wettability. The wetting of the collagen fibril by culture medium is reduced and it is difficult for the medium to diffuse into the 3D structure of a porous collagen scaffold. This paper reports a ＂perfusion processing＂ strategy using ozone to improve the surface wettability of chemical crosslinked collagen scaffolds. Surface wettability, surface composition and biological stability were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of this surface processing strategy. It was observed that ozone perfusion processing improved surface wettability for both exterior and interior surfaces of the porous 3D collagen scaffold. The improvement in wettability is attributed to the incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups onto the surface of the collagen fibrils, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy （XpS） analysis. This leads to a significant improvement in water taking capability without compromising the bulk biological stability and mechanical properties, and confirms that ozone perfusion processing is an effective tool to modify the wettability both for interior and exterior surfaces throughout the scaffold.

关键词： scaffold collagen surface modification hydrophilicity ozone perfusion

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In vitro immunotoxicity of untreated and treated urbanwastewaters using various treatment processes to rainbow trout leucocytes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1400-1407页

作者： Franois Gagné Marlène Fortier Michel Fournier shirley-Anne Smyth Emerging Methods Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada105 McGill Street Montral Qubec Canada INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier 531 boul.des Prairies Laval Qubec Canada Effluents and Wastewaters Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Environment Canada867 Lakeshore Road BurlingtonOntario Canada

Municipal effluents are known to impede the immune system of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this studywas to examine the immunotoxicity of urbanwastewaters before and after 6 treatment processes from 12 cities toward trout leucocytes. Freshly prepared trout leucocyteswere exposed to increasing concentrations of solid phase （c18） extracts ofwastewaters for24 hr at 15°c. Immunocompetencewasdetermined by following changes in leucocyte viability and the proportion of cells able to ingest at least one （immunoactivity） and at least three （immunoefficiency） fluorescent beads. The influentswere treated by sixdifferent treatment strategies consisting of facultative aerated lagoons, activated sludge, biological aerated filter, biological nutrient removal, chemically-assisted physical treatment and trickling filter/solid contact. Water quality parameters of thewastewaters revealed that the plants effectively removed total suspended solids and reduced the chemical oxygendemand. The results revealed that the effluents＇ immunotoxic propertieswere generally more influenced by the properties of the untreatedwastewaters than by the treatment processes. About half of the incoming influentsdecreased leucocyte viabilitywhile4 treatment plantswere able to reduce toxicity. The influents readily increased phagocytosis activity for 8/12 influentswhile itwasdecreased in4/12 influents. This increasewas abolished for4/12 of the effluents using treatments involving biological and oxidative processes. In conclusion, municipal effluents have the potential to alter the immune system in fish and more researchwill be needed to improve the treatments ofwastewaters to better protect the quality of the aquatic environment.

关键词： municipal effluents fish leucocytes viability phagocytosis

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Allometric relationships between primary size measures and sapwood area for six common tree species in snow-dependent ecosystems in the Southwest United States

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2171-2180页

作者： Bhaskar Mitra shirley A.papuga MRoss Alexander Tyson Lee Swetnam Nate Abramson School of Natural Resources and Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Geology Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202USA Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA BIO5 Institute University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Hydrology and Water Resources University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

High-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems across southwestern United States are expected to be vulnerable to climate change,including drought and fi re,with implications for various aspects of the water *** that end,much less is known about the dynamics of transpiration,an important component of the water cycle across this *** the individual-tree scale,transpiration is estimated by scaling mean sap fl ux density by the hydroactive sapwood area(SA).SA also remains a key factor in eff ectively scaling individual tree water-use to stand *** across large spatial scales is normally established by relating SA of a few trees to primary size measures,e.g.,diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height(H),or canopy diameter(cD).considering the importance of SA in scaling transpiration,the primary objective of this study was therefore to establish six species-specifi c(aspen,maple,white fi r,ponderosa pine,Douglas fi r,Englemann spruce)allometric relationships between SA and three primary size measures(DBH,cD,or H)across two high-elevation,snow-dependent,semiarid ecosystems in New Mexico and *** on multiple statistical criteria(coeffi cient of determination,index of agreement,Nash–Sutcliff e effi-ciency)and ease of measurement in the forest,we identifi ed DBH as the primary independent variable for estimating SA across all *** on group regression analysis,we found allometric relationships to be signifi cantly(ppecies(ponderosa pine,Douglas-fi r)across diff erent ***,our allometric relationships provide a valuable database for estimating transpiration at diff erent spatial scales from sap fl ow data in some of our most vulnerable ecosystems.

关键词： Allometry Diameter at breast height Mountain ecosystem Sapwood area Southwestern USA

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Structure-based design of conformationally constrained cyclic peptidomimetics to target the MLL1-WDR5 protein–protein interaction as inhibitors of the MLL1 methyltransferase activity

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chinese chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 455-458页

作者： Hacer Karatas shirley Y.Lee Elizabeth c.Townsend Fang cao Jing Xu Denzil Bernard Liu Liu Yali Dou Shaomeng Wang Department of Medicinal chemistry University of Michigan Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Department of pathology University of Michigan comprehensive cancer center University of Michigan Department of pharmacology University of Michigan

We described herein structure-based design, synthesis and evaluation of conformationally constrained, cyclic peptidomimetics to block the MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction as inhibitors of the MLL1 histone methyltransferase activity. Our study has yielded cyclic peptidomimetics with very high binding affinities to WDR5 （Ki values 〈1 nmol/L） and function as antagonists of the MLL1 histone methyltransferase activity.

关键词： EpigeneticsMLL1 histone methyltransferaseWDRS-MLLI interactionSmall-molecule inhibitorscyclic peptidomemtics

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Translating auxin responses into ovules, seeds and yield: Insight from Arabidopsis and the cereals

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2019年第3期61卷 310-336页

作者： Neil J.shirley Matthew K.Aubert Laura G.Wilkinson Dayton c.Bird Jorge Lora Xiujuan Yang Matthew R.Tucker School of Agriculture Food and Wine Waite Research Institute The University of Adelaide

Grain production in cereal crops depends on the stable formation of male and female gametes in the *** most angiosperms, the female gamete is produced from a germline located deep within the ovary, protected by several layers of maternal tissue, including the ovary wall,ovule integuments and nucellus. In the field, germline formation and floret fertility are major determinants of yield potential, contributing to traits such as seed number,weight and size. As such, stimuli affecting the timing and duration of reproductive phases, as well as the viability,size and number of cells within reproductive organs can significantly impact yield. One key stimulant is the phytohormone auxin, which influences growth and morphogenesis of female tissues during gynoecium development, gametophyte formation, and endosperm cellularization. In this review we consider the role of the auxin signaling pathway during ovule and seed development, first in the context of Arabidopsis and then in the cereals. We summarize the gene families involved and highlight distinct expression patterns that suggest a range of roles in reproductive cell specification and fate. This is discussed in terms of seed production and how targeted modification of different tissues might facilitate improvements.

关键词： Grain production crops depends stable formation

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Interpretation, Stratification and Evidence for Sequence Variants Affecting mRNA Splicing in complete Human Genome Sequences

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Genomics, proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第2期11卷 77-85页

作者： Ben c.shirley Eliseos J.Mucaki Tyson Whitehead paul I.costea pelin Akan peter K.Rogan Department of computer Science Middlesex CollegeThe University of Western Ontario Department of Biochemistry Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western Ontario SHARcNET Royal Institute of Technology Science for Life Laboratory cytognomix Inc.

Information theory-based methods have been shown to be sensitive and specific for pre- dicting and quantifying the effects of non-coding mutations in Mendelian diseases. We present the Shannon pipeline software for genome-scale mutation analysis and provide evidence that the soft- ware predicts variants affecting mRNA splicing. Individual information contents （in bits） of refer- ence and variant splice sites are compared and significant differences are annotated and prioritized. The software has been implemented for cLc-Bio Genomics platform. Annotation indicates the context of novel mutations as well as common and rare SNps with splicing effects. potential natural and cryptic mRNA splicing variants are identified, and null mutations are distinguished from leaky mutations. Mutations and rare SNps were predicted in genomes of three cancer cell lines （U2OS, U251 and A431）, which were supported by expression analyses. After filtering, tractable numbers of potentially deleterious variants are predicted by the software, suitable for further laboratory investigation. In these cell lines, novel functional variants comprised 6-17 inactivating mutations, 1 5 leaky mutations and 6-13 cryptic splicing mutations. predicted effects were validated by RNA-seq analysis of the three aforementioned cancer cell lines, and expression microarray analysis of SNps in HapMap cell lines.

关键词： Mutation mRNA splicing Information theory Next-generation sequencing Genome interpretation

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