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Financial Support Mechanisms and Financing Instruments for Climate Change Adaptation

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第2期7卷 242-252页

作者： shih-fang lo Chou-Yen Wu Chun-Hsu Lin Center for Green Economy Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research Taiwan Research Division V Taiwan Institute of Economic Research Taiwan

Extreme weather has been having an increase in frequency and severity because of global warming. Heavy financial burden on governments has been increasing as reconstruction of natural disaster and prevention of public construction spending. Unlike the climate mitigation activities, the main purpose of climate adaptation is to establish climate risk management system. We discuss several types of financing instruments and collect several cases in both developed and developing countries internationally. We find that budget reallocation or government bonds are regularly used for losses from natural disaster in developing countries while both government bonds and insurance penetration are used to against catastrophe risks in the developed countries. Finally, we also find that insurance-related instruments are feasible and have been applied in some middle-income countries with assistance from the World Bank.

关键词： Climate Change Adaptation Insurance Tools Capital Market Review Case Study

Game theory model of exit selection in pedestrian evacuation considering visual range and choice firmness

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第8期29卷 355-362页

作者： Wei-Li Wang fang-fang Wan Siu-Ming lo Institute of logistics Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Exit choice is one of the most important pedestrian behaviors during *** to the exit is a generally recognized factor influencing expected moving time to the *** range determines how much information a pedestrian can perceive,thus the number of pedestrians within the visual field can be used to estimate waiting time at the ***,the choice firmness that reflects the degree to which a pedestrian would persist in his/her previous choice of exit is *** integrating game theory into a cellular automata simulation framework,the pedestrian exit choice mechanism is investigated and explicitly modeled in this paper.A systematic analysis of the key factors influencing pedestrian evacuation is conducted,including visual radius and choice firmness of a pedestrian,initial crowd distribution of the room,exit layout as well as exit *** is found that low choice firmness level can lead to unnatural pedestrian behavior such as wandering,which is adverse to *** longer the pedestrian's visual radius,the earlier the pedestrian can determine his/her final selection of the *** with the scenario where the pedestrians are randomly distributed,pedestrians clustered together in a corner of the room lead to high crowd density and imbalanced use of ***,the exit layout and exit width also have a certain influence on pedestrian evacuation *** results of this paper may be of benefit to the formulation of behavioral rules in other pedestrian simulation models.

关键词： game theory exit selection visual range choice firmness

Observations of Passenger Flow and Verification of a Crowd Dynamics Model

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第2期13卷 195-200页

作者： YUAN Jianping fang Zheng lo Siuming XIE Lilin HUANG Danguang School of Civil Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 Hubei China Department of Building and Construction City Universityof Hong Kong Hong Kong China

This paper reports observations of passenger flow in the Wuchang railway station in Wuhan, China during the Chinese Traditional Spring Festival in 2006. The data collected are used to verify a crowd dynamics model previously developed. The crowd dynamics model is based on simulating the global movement of each individual under the influence of the surrounding crowd, and the good agreement between the predictions and observations validates the prediction model. The crowd dynamics model suggests that the crowd movement speed is dominated by two factors： the front-back inter-person effect, and the pedestrian＇s self-motive. The first effect gives logarithmic relationship between the crowd speed and crowd density. The second factor depends on the individual motive driven with which people try to divorce themselves from the control of the crowd movement. The prediction model are helpful to guide the design of public traffic systems for effective crowd dispersal.

关键词： crowd dynamics model observation mathematical modeling evacuation traffic planning

DNA nanomachines: monitoring molecular encounter dynamics in live cell membranes

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National Science Review 2018年第3期5卷 300-301页

作者： Jiachao Xu Xiaohong fang Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cell membrane features a variety of heterogeneous and dynamic compartments to regulate cell structure and *** compartments are generally classified into a relatively packed,lipidordered(lo)domain(10-200 nm)enriched in saturated lipids and cholesterol,and a more fluid,liquid-disordered(Ld)domain comprising mainly unsaturated lipids[1].According to the lipid raft theory,lodomains,which selectively recruit specific lipids and proteins,serve as criti-

关键词： DNA nanomachines monitoring molecular encounter dynamics in live cell membranes

Two—Electron Energy Spectrum in a Parabolic Quantum Dot Under a Magnetic Field

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2003年第4期39卷 477-480页

作者： XIEWen－fang ScienceSchool GuangzhouUniversityGuangzhou510405China

Two interacting electrons in a harmonic oscillator potential under the influence of a perpendicular homo-geneous magnetic field are considered. The energies of two-electron quantum dots with the electron-lo-phonon couplingas a function of magnetic field are calculated. Calculations are made by using the method of few-body physics withinthe effective-mass approximation. Our results show that the electron-lo-phonon coupling effect is very important insemiconductor quantum dots.

关键词： electron-lo-phonon coupling quantum dot few-body physics

Macrostate and Microstate of EEG Spatio-Temporal Nonlinear Dynamics in Zen Meditation

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2017年第13期7卷 705-721页

作者： Pei-Chen lo Wu Jue Miao Tian fang-Ling Liu Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering National Chiao Tung University Taiwan Shakyamuni Buddhist Foundation Taiwan

Macrostate and microstate characteristics of interregional nonlinear interdependence of brain dynamics are investigated for Zen-meditation and normal resting EEG. Evaluation of nonlinear interdependence based on nonlinear dynamic theory and phase space reconstruction is employed in the 30-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to characterize the functioning interactions among different local neuronal networks. This paper presents a new scheme for exploring the microstate and macrostate of interregional brain neural network interactivity. Nonlinear interdependence quantified by similarity index is applied to the phase trajectory reconstructed from multi-channel EEG. The microstate similarity-index matrix (miSIM) is evaluated every 5 millisecond. The miSIMs are classified by K-means clustering. The cluster center corresponds to the macrostate SIM (maSIM) evaluated by conventional scheme. Zen-meditation EEG exhibits rather stationary and stronger interconnectivity among frontal midline regional neural oscillators, whereas resting EEG appears to drift away more often from the midline and extend to the inferior brain regions.

关键词： Electroencephalograph (EEG) Nonlinear Interconnectivity Microstate Macrostate Zen Meditation

Cognitive anti-jamming receiver under phase noise in high frequency bands

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2018年第1期29卷 31-38页

作者： fang Zheng LI Haitao QIAN Yiming School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory Shanghai 200233China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China China Nuclear Control System Engineering CO. LTDBeijing 100176China

This paper investigates the jamming sensing performance of the simultaneous transmit and receive based cognitive anti-jamming(SCAJ) receiver impaired by phase noise in local oscillators(lo) over fading channels. Firstly, energy detection(ED)based on the jamming to noise ratio(JNR) of the high frequency bands SCAJ receiver with phase noise under different channels is analyzed. Then, the probabilities of jamming detection and false alarm in closed-form for the SCAJ receiver are derived. Finally,the modified Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound(BCRB) of jamming sensing for the SCAJ receiver is presented. Simulation results show that the performance degradation of the SCAJ system due to phase noise is more severe than that due to the channel fading in the circumstances where the signal bandwidth(BW) is kept a constant. Moreover, the signal BW has an effect on the phase noise in lo, and the jamming detection probability of the wideband SCAJ receiver with lower phase noise outperforms that of the narrowband receiver using the same center frequency. Furthermore,an accurate phase noise estimation and compensation scheme can improve the jamming detection capability of the SCAJ receiver in high frequency bands and approach to the upper bound.

关键词： high frequency band simultaneous transmit and receive phase noise cognitive anti-jamming

Effect of the Electron－lo－Phonon Coupling on an Exciton Quantum Dot

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2002年第9期37卷 375-378页

作者： XIEWen－fang ZHUWu DepartmentofPhysics GuangzhouUniversityGuangzhou510405China

The influence of the electron-lo-phonon coupling on energy spectrum of the low-lying states ofan exciton inparabolic quantum dots is investigated as a function of dot size. Calculations are made by using the method of few-bodyphysics within the effective-mass approximation. A considerable decrease of the energy in the stronger confinement rangeis found for the low-lying states of an exciton in quantum dots, which results from the confinement of electron-phononcoupling.

关键词： exciton electron-phonon coupling quantum dot

Periodic points and normal families concerning multiplicity

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第3期62卷 535-552页

作者： Bingmao Deng Mingliang fang Yuefei Wang Institute of Applied Mathematics South China Agricultural University Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In 1992,Yang lo posed the following problem:let F be a family of entire functions,let D be a domain in C,and let k 2 be a positive ***,for every f∈F,both f and its iteration f^khave no fixed points in D,is F normal in D?This problem was solved by Ess′en and Wu in 1998,and then solved for meromorphic functions by Chang and fang in *** this paper,we study the problem in which f and f^(k ) have fixed *** give positive answers for holomorphic and meromorphic functions.(I)Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D and let k 2 be a positive ***,for each f∈F,all zeros of f(z)-z are multiple and f^khas at most k distinct fixed points in D,then F is normal in *** show that the conditions"all zeros of f(z)-z are multiple"and"f^k having at most k distinct fixed points in D"are the best possible.(II)Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D,and let k 2 and l be two positive integers satisfying l 4 for k=2 and l 3 for k ***,for each f∈F,all zeros of f(z)-z have a multiplicity at least l and f^khas at most one fixed point in D,then F is normal in *** show that the conditions"l 3for k 3"and"f^k having at most one fixed point in D"are the best possible.

关键词： normality iteration periodic points