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Moving target defense:state of the art and characteristics

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016年第11期17卷 1122-1153页

作者： Gui-lin CAI bao-sheng wang Wei HU Tian-zuo wang College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Moving target defense(MTD) has emerged as one of the game-changing themes to alter the asymmetric situation between attacks and defenses in cyber-security. Numerous related works involving several facets of MTD have been published. However, comprehensive analyses and research on MTD are still absent. In this paper, we present a survey on MTD technologies to scientifically and systematically introduce, categorize, and summarize the existing research works in this field. First, a new security model is introduced to describe the changes in the traditional defense paradigm and security model caused by the introduction of MTD. A function-and-movement model is provided to give a panoramic overview on different perspectives for understanding the existing MTD research works. Then a systematic interpretation of published literature is presented to describe the state of the art of the three main areas in the MTD field, namely, MTD theory, MTD strategy, and MTD evaluation. Specifically,in the area of MTD strategy, the common characteristics shared by the MTD strategies to improve system security and effectiveness are identified and extrapolated. Thereafter, the methods to implement these characteristics are concluded. Moreover, the MTD strategies are classified into three types according to their specific goals, and the necessary and sufficient conditions of each type to create effective MTD strategies are then summarized, which are typically one or more of the aforementioned characteristics. Finally, we provide a number of observations for the future direction in this field, which can be helpful for subsequent researchers.

关键词： Moving target defense Security model Function-and-movement model Characteristics

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A keyed-hashing based self-synchronization mechanism for port address hopping communication

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第5期18卷 719-728页

作者： Yue-bin LUO bao-sheng wang Xiao-feng wang Bo-feng ZHANG College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Port address hopping(PAH) communication is a powerful network moving target defense(MTD)mechanism. It was inspired by frequency hopping in wireless communications. One of the critical and difficult issues with PAH is synchronization. Existing schemes usually provide hops for each session lasting only a few seconds/minutes, making them easily influenced by network events such as transmission delays, traffic jams, packet dropouts, reordering, and retransmission. To address these problems, in this paper we propose a novel selfsynchronization scheme, called ‘keyed-hashing based self-synchronization(KHSS)'. The proposed method generates the message authentication code(MAC) based on the hash based MAC(HMAC), which is then further used as the synchronization information for port address encoding and decoding. Providing the PAH communication system with one-packet-one-hopping and invisible message authentication abilities enables both clients and servers to constantly change their identities as well as perform message authentication over unreliable communication mediums without synchronization and authentication information transmissions. Theoretical analysis and simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method is effective in defending against man-in-the-middle(MITM) attacks and network scanning. It significantly outperforms existing schemes in terms of both security and hopping efficiency.

关键词： Synchronization Port address hopping Moving target defense Network security

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Treating both wastewater and excess sludge with an innovative process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 749-756页

作者： HE sheng-bing, wang bao-zhen, wang Lin, JIANG Yi-feng (School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 Chin

The innovative process consists of biological unit for wastewater treatment and ozonation unit for excess sludge treatment. An aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) was used to remove organics and nitrogen, and an anaerobic reactor was added to the biological unit for the release of phosphorus contained at aerobic sludge to enhance the removal of phosphorus. For the excess sludge produced in the MBR, which was fed to ozone contact column and reacted with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to the MBR for further biological treatment. Experimental results showed that this process could remove organics, nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently, and the removals for COD, NH 3-N, TN and TP were 93.17%, 97.57%, 82.77% and 79.5%, respectively. Batch test indicated that the specific nitrification rate and specific denitrification rate of the MBR were 1.03 mg NH 3-N/(gMLSS·h) and 0.56 mg NOx-N/(gMLSS·h), and denitrification seems to be the rate-limiting step. Under the test conditions, the sludge concentration in the MBR was kept at 5000—6000 mg/L, and the wasted sludge was ozonated at an ozone dosage of 0.10 kgO 3/kgSS. During the experimental period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero withdrawal of excess sludge was implemented. Through economic analysis, it was found that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and excess sludge was only 0.045 RMB Yuan(USD 0.0054)/m 3 wastewater.

关键词： wastewater treatment excess sludge aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) anaerobic reactor ozonation zero withdrawal of excess sludge

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Isolated Pancreatic Tuberculosis in Non-immunocompromised Patient Treated by Whipple's Procedure:a Case Report

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2014年第1期29卷 58-60页

作者： Shao-long Sun Feng Gao Dong-xu Cui bao-sheng wang Department of General Surgery Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University

PANCREATIC tuberculosis(TB)is a rare disease and its diagnosis is difficult because of the lack of specific clinical *** tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have some diagnostic values in this disease,but it is easy to misdiagnose pancreatic TB as a pancreatic tumor.1 In this article,we present a case of non-immunocompromised patient developing an isolated pancreatic TB,report the CT and MRI findings,and the surgical procedure for it.

关键词： pancreatic tuberculosis Whipple's procedure computed tomography

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A novel approach to treat combined domestic wastewater and excess sludge in MBR

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第5期15卷 674-679页

作者： HE sheng bing, wang bao zhen, wang Lin, JIANG Yi feng, ZHANG Li\|qiu (School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 Chin

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdrawn to treat with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000—3500 mg/L and 0 8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant influence on the removals of NH 3 N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained.

关键词： combined anaerobic biofilm aerobic membrane(MBR) domestic wastewater ozonation excess sludge sludge yield

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Game theoretic analysis for the mechanism of moving target defense

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第12期18卷 2017-2034页

作者： Gui-lin CAI bao-sheng wang Qian-qian XING College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

Moving target defense （MT_D） is a novel way to alter the asymmetric situation of attacks and defenses, and a lot of MTD studies have been carried out recently. However, relevant analysis for the defense mechanism of the MTD technology is still absent. In this paper, we analyze the defense mechanism of MTD technology in two dimensions. First, we present a new defense model named MP2R to describe the proactivity and effect of MTD technology intuitively. Second, we use the incomplete information dynamic game theory to verify the proactivity and effect of MTD technology. Specifically, we model the interaction between a defender who equips a server with different types of MTD techniques and a visitor who can be a user or an attacker, and analyze the equilibria and their conditions for these models. Then, we take an existing incomplete information dynamic game model for traditional defense and its equilibrium result as baseline for comparison, to validate the proactivity and effect of MTD technology. We also identify the factors that will influence the proactivity and effectiveness of the MTD approaches. This work gives theoretical support for understanding the defense process and defense mechanism of MTD technology and provides suggestions to improve the effectiveness of MTD approaches.

关键词： Network security Moving target defense (MTD) Defense mechanism Defense model Game theory

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Automatic malware classification and new malware detection using machine learning

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第9期18卷 1336-1347页

作者： Liu LIU bao-sheng wang Bo YU Qiu-xi ZHONG College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

The explosive growth ofmalware variants poses a major threat to information security. Traditional anti-virus systems based on signatures fail to classify unknown malware into their corresponding families and to detect new kinds of malware pro- grams. Therefore, we propose a machine learning based malware analysis system, which is composed of three modules： data processing, decision making, and new malware detection. The data processing module deals with gray-scale images, Opcode n-gram, and import fimctions, which are employed to extract the features of the malware. The decision-making module uses the features to classify the malware and to identify suspicious malware. Finally, the detection module uses the shared nearest neighbor （SNN） clustering algorithm to discover new malware families. Our approach is evaluated on more than 20 000 malware instances, which were collected by Kingsoft, ESET NOD32, and Anubis. The results show that our system can effectively classify the un- known malware with a best accuracy of 98.9%, and successfully detects 86.7% of the new malware.

关键词： Malware classification Machine learning n-gram Gray-scale image Feature extraction Malware detection

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The Simulation and Experimental Validation on Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow in the Riser of a Dense Fluidized Bed

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第2期18卷 137-141页

作者： Xue-yao wang Fan Jiang Xiang Xu sheng-dian wang bao-guo Fan Yun-han Xiao Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy and Power, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Engineering Thermophysics) Beijing 100190 Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy and Power Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Engineering Thermophysics) Beijing 100190 China

Gas-solid flow in dense CFB (circulating fluidized bed)) riser under the operating condition, superficial gas 15.5m/s and solid flux 140 kg/m2s using Geldart B particles (sand) was investigated by experiments and CFD (computationalfluid dynamics) simulation. The overall and local flow characteristics are determined using the axialpressure profiles and solid concentration profiles. The cold experimental results indicate that the axial solid concentration distribution contains a dilute region towards the up-middle zone and a dense region near the bottomand the top exit zones. The typical core-annulus structure and the back-mixing phenomenon near the wall of theriser can be observed. In addition, owing to the key role of the drag force of gas-solid phase, a revised drag forcecoefficient, based on the EMMS (energy-minimization multi-scale) model which can depict the heterogeneouscharacter of gas-solid two phase flow, was proposed and coupled into the CFD control equations. In order to findan appropriate drag force model for the simulation of dense CFB riser, not only the revised drag force model butsome other kinds of drag force model were used in the CFD. The flow structure, solid concentration, clustersphenomenon, fluctuation of two phases and axial pressure drop were analyzed. By comparing the experimentwith the simulation, the results predicted by the EMMS drag model showed a better agreement with the experimentalaxial average pressure drop and apparent solid volume fraction, which proves that the revised drag forcebased on the EMMS model is an appropriate model for the dense CFB simulation.

关键词： riser gas-solid flow drag force EMMS model

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Prevention of pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy with separate internal drainage of bile and pancreatic fluid

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2003年第1期2卷 131-134页

作者： Xian-Wei Dai Kai Ma Fu-Xiang wang Fu-Quan Yang bao-sheng wang Hai-Ying Zhao Wei Sun bao-Lin Liu Fang Qiu Xian-Min Pu Liang wang Yang Dai Department of General Surgery Second Clinical College China Medical University Shenyang 110004 China. daixianwei@***

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new reconstructional procedure to deerease the complications ***: Separate internal drainage of bile and pancreatic fluid in pancreaticiduodenectomy wasperformed in 256 patients. The digestive tract was reconstructed with Child method, with invaginatedpancreaticojejunostomy using a long silastic tube to drain pancreatic fluid internally, an end-to-sidecholedochojejunostomy and an end-to-side duodenojejunostomy or gastrojejunostomy. Gastrostomy drainagewas also ***: No complications of pancreatic leakage were ***: The separate internal drainage of bile and pancreatic fluid plays an important role inpreventing pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage.

关键词： pancreaticoduodenectomy reconstruction internal drainage invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy pancreatic leakage gastrostomy drainage

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Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve protects against cerebral ischemic injury through an anti-inflammatory mechanism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 576-582页

作者： Yao-xian Xiang Wen-xin wang Zhe Xue Lei Zhu sheng-bao wang Zheng-hui Sun Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Department of Radiology Beijing Electric Power Hospit

Vagus nerve stimulation exerts protective effects against ischemic brain injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was established using the occlusion method, and the right vagus nerve was given electrical stimula-tion （constant current of 0.5 mA; pulse width, 0.5 ms; frequency, 20 Hz; duration, 30 seconds; every 5 minutes for a total of 60 minutes） 30 minutes, 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve substantially reduced infarct volume, improved neurological function, and decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and in-terleukin-6 in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The experimental findings indicate that the neuroprotective effect of vagus nerve stimulation following cerebral ischemia may be associated with the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression.

关键词： nerve regeneration vagus nerve stimulation cerebral ischemia inflammatory cytokines infarct volume neurological function NSFC grants neural regeneration

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