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封闭区域油气泄漏火灾爆炸风险与通风方式分析

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油气田环境保护 2024年第4期34卷 70-73页

作者：韩升罗宇鹏李骜乔迈中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司中国石油大港油田分公司国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司云南分公司

封闭区域油气泄漏导致火灾爆炸一直是防火防爆安全风险管控的重点,目前的安全技术标准规定了泄漏监测预警和机械通风装置等技术措施及管理措施,来管控封闭区域火灾爆炸风险。就机械通风装置的设置而言,存在标准难以涵盖现场复杂条件并... 详细信息

封闭区域油气泄漏导致火灾爆炸一直是防火防爆安全风险管控的重点,目前的安全技术标准规定了泄漏监测预警和机械通风装置等技术措施及管理措施,来管控封闭区域火灾爆炸风险。就机械通风装置的设置而言,存在标准难以涵盖现场复杂条件并忽略了自然通风作用的情况。文章充分分析了自然通风的重要作用,应用流体动力学分析自然通风条件下封闭油气区域可燃气体泄漏及扩散情况,证明了在自然通风能力基础上开展机械通风设计的可靠性。同时借鉴此次风险分析的过程,也能有效指导其他安全技术措施的制定。

关键词：封闭区域机械通风充分通风泄漏速率流体动力学分析

中国儿童特应性皮炎的疾病经济负担与医疗资源利用情况

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第5期33卷 458-469页

作者：聂智峰肖若薇宋佳芳韩晟李薇朱贺史录文北京大学药学院北京100191 北京大学医药管理国际研究中心北京100191

本研究的主要目的是测算中国儿童特应性皮炎患者疾病治疗相关的年均总费用和医疗资源利用率,次要目的是调查与特应性皮炎费用相关的因素。研究采用方便抽样的横断面研究。患者层面的数据来自于2022年2月至3月期间在中国31个省份开展的... 详细信息

本研究的主要目的是测算中国儿童特应性皮炎患者疾病治疗相关的年均总费用和医疗资源利用率,次要目的是调查与特应性皮炎费用相关的因素。研究采用方便抽样的横断面研究。患者层面的数据来自于2022年2月至3月期间在中国31个省份开展的一项基于互联网的全国性问卷调查。研究招募了经医生确诊为特应性皮炎的18岁以下儿童的照护者,并收集了所有符合条件的参与者的社会人口学、临床特征、医疗资源利用数据、疾病相关的照护时间和疾病相关的各种成本。共纳入599个符合条件的家庭。82.5%的家庭表示其患儿在过去12个月中至少接受过一次门诊或急诊治疗,5.8%的家庭表示其患儿在过去1年内曾住院治疗。每个家庭因特应性皮炎而产生的总费用约为28591.92元/年,其中92.8%为直接成本。门诊或急诊费用的90.7%、住院费用的43.4%为自付费用。中度(coefficient±SE:0.22±0.09,P=0.012)和重度AD患者组(coefficient±SE:0.58±0.15,P<0.001)、AD发病部位在头颈部或手部(coefficient±SE:0.57±0.14,P<0.001)、使用生物制剂(coefficient±SE:0.64±0.11,P<0.001)、使用中医治疗(coefficient±SE:0.26±0.09,P=0.003)与其各自参照组相比,年总费用更高。因此可以得出,中国儿童特应性皮炎患者的病情严重程度不同,造成的疾病经济负担也不同。除疾病严重程度外,儿童特应性皮炎患者可能会因临床因素和治疗方法的不同而产生更高的治疗相关费用。

关键词：特应性皮炎经济负担医疗资源利用相关因素

Effect of nanocomposite as pour point depressant on the cold flow properties and crystallization behavior of diesel fuel

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第5期33卷 2677-2680页

作者： Yuan Xue Fengfei Chen Bin Sun Hualin Lin Bin Dai sheng han School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai 201418China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

The high effective nano-hybrid pour point depressant(PPD)has attracted extensive attention for its po-tential application in improving the cold flow properties of diesel *** this paper,the nano-hybrid PPD was prepared by melt-blending method using three different alkyl chain lengths(i.e.,tetradecyl,hexade-cyl,and octodecyl)of n-alkyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymers(R 1 MC-MA,R 1=C_(14),C_(16),C_(18))and SiO_(2)*** effect of those nano-hybrid PPDs on the cold filter plugging point(CFPP)and solidifying point(SP)depressing of diesel fuel were *** indicated that nano-hybrid PPD showed much better performance on diesel *** diesel fuel treated with 0.2 wt%C_(14)MC-MA/SiO_(2)nano-hybrid PPD exhibited the best depression in CFPP and SP by 6℃ and 18℃,respectively,which higher than that of single C 14 ***-temperature curves and polarized optical microscopy were conducted to explore the performance mechanism;and results presented that nano-hybrid PPD of C_(14)MC-MA/SiO_(2)could effectively lower the low-temperature viscosity,and modify the crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of ***,the cold flow properties of diesel were significantly improved.

关键词： Diesel fuel Pour point depressant Nano-hybrid Cold flow properties Crystallization behavior

聚丙烯电容膜链结构与表面粗化、物理性能的关系

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塑料科技 2024年第2期52卷 59-63页

作者：刘刚汪鹏姚成蔡希鹏贾磊蔡汉生王铠徐刚南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司广东广州510663 深圳供电局有限公司广东深圳518001

为了阐明链结构特征对双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)表面粗化和本体性能的影响,对比研究三种不同链结构聚丙烯(PP)粒料的结晶行为与同质多晶性,测试了BOPP薄膜的空隙率、粗糙度、拉伸力学、热收缩、介电性能以及不同温度的电击穿场强。结果... 详细信息

为了阐明链结构特征对双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)表面粗化和本体性能的影响,对比研究三种不同链结构聚丙烯(PP)粒料的结晶行为与同质多晶性,测试了BOPP薄膜的空隙率、粗糙度、拉伸力学、热收缩、介电性能以及不同温度的电击穿场强。结果表明:低等规度(96.2%)、宽分子量分布(5.35)的链结构有利于生成β晶和均匀球晶形貌,确保获得理想的粗化形态。利用高等规度(97.4%)、窄分布(4.34)粒料制备的BOPP薄膜,其粗化形态虽不是最佳,但空隙率为9%,表面粗糙度为0.42μm,能够满足电容膜行业标准要求。高等规度、窄分布薄膜的横向拉伸强度269 MPa、横向弹性模量3692 MPa、击穿场强668 V/m(25℃)及518 V/m(125℃),与对照薄膜相比力学强度和电气性能得到明显提升。将PP链结构进行适当调整能够很好地兼顾表面粗化和本体性能,为设计、开发高性能的油浸式交流电容器用粗化膜提供有益启示。

关键词：电容器用粗化膜同质多态性等规度分子量分布

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我国麻醉专科护士的培训现况与展望

中华现代护理杂志 2024年第4期30卷 549-553页

作者：吴敏戴苏皖王荣盛晗杨思兰浙江中医药大学研究生院杭州310000 嘉兴市第一医院麻醉手术部嘉兴314000 嘉兴市第一医院护理部嘉兴314000

麻醉专科护士对麻醉医疗服务工作的顺利开展具有重要意义, 然而, 目前关于麻醉专科护士的培训资源、内容、考核与认证等方面尚无统一标准。本文从我国麻醉专科护士的培训资源、培训内容、考核认证、岗位职责等方面进行总结, 并对未来进... 详细信息

麻醉专科护士对麻醉医疗服务工作的顺利开展具有重要意义, 然而, 目前关于麻醉专科护士的培训资源、内容、考核与认证等方面尚无统一标准。本文从我国麻醉专科护士的培训资源、培训内容、考核认证、岗位职责等方面进行总结, 并对未来进行展望, 为规范和完善我国麻醉专科护士培训提供参考。

关键词：综述麻醉手术护士医院专科培训

Involvement of Opioid Peptides in the Analgesic Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第4期38卷 403-416页

作者： Fu-Jun Zhai Song-Ping han Tian-Jia Song Ran Huo Xing-Yu Lan Rong Zhang Ji-sheng han Neuroscience Research Institute Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory for Neuroscience Ministry of EducationNational Health CommissionPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Wuxi hanS Health Medical Technology Co. Ltd.Wuxi 214122China Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Spinal cord stimulation(SCS)-induced analgesia was characterized,and its underlying mechanisms were examined in a spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in *** analgesic effect of SCS with moderate mechanical hypersensitivity was increased with increasing stimulation intensity between the 20%and 80%motor *** frequencies(2,15,50,100,10000 Hz,and 2/100 Hz dense-dispersed)of SCS were similarly ***-induced analgesia was maintained without tolerance within 24 h of continuous *** at 2 Hz significantly increased methionine enkephalin content in the cerebrospinal *** analgesic effect of 2 Hz was abolished byμorκopioid receptor *** effect of 100 Hz was prevented by aκantagonist,and that of 10 kHz was blocked by any of theμ,δ,orκreceptor antagonists,suggesting that the analgesic effect of SCS at different frequencies is mediated by different endorphins and opioid receptors.

关键词： SCS Analgesia Opioid receptors Methionine-Enkephalin Dynorphin Endorphins

Effect of removing Al and Ti elements on peak flow stress of nickel-based heat-resistant alloy 617

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第2期30卷 384-391页

作者： Chen Dong Zheng-zong Chen Zheng-dong Liu han-sheng Bao Zhen Liu Zheng-jun Wang Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaian223003JiangsuChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaian223003JiangsuChina Institute for Special Steels Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing100081China

The hot deformation behavior and the microstructure characteristics of alloy 617 and alloy C-HRA-2 were compared and *** removal of Al and Ti elements has a significant change in the hot deformation of the alloy,and there are two opposite effects on the flow stress before and after *** results show that the removal of Al and Ti elements increases the flow stress of the alloy under high temperature or low strain rate deformation *** is mainly due to the increase in the stacking fault energy of the alloy so that the alloy contains a higher twin boundary fraction after dynamic recrystallization(DRX).However,before DRX occurs,that is,at low temperature and high strain rate,the flow stress of this alloy is relatively *** is due to the reduction in Peierls-Nabarro stress,making the alloy more prone to dislocation slip.

关键词： Peak flow stress Nickel-based heat-resistant alloy Slip band Stacking fault energy

油浸处理引起BOPP粗化膜结构变化及其对性能的影响

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塑料科技 2024年第4期52卷 43-48页

作者：姚成蔡希鹏刘刚贾磊汪鹏王铠蔡汉生高德民南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司广东广州510663 深圳供电局有限公司广东深圳518001

文章考察了两种双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)粗化膜在油浸处理前后的结构及性能变化趋势。通过光学显微镜表征BOPP的表面粗化形貌,利用DSC和WAXD研究晶体结构、结晶性质,偏振红外技术评价取向结构,并且测试了薄膜的拉伸力学、热氧稳定和耐电压... 详细信息

文章考察了两种双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)粗化膜在油浸处理前后的结构及性能变化趋势。通过光学显微镜表征BOPP的表面粗化形貌,利用DSC和WAXD研究晶体结构、结晶性质,偏振红外技术评价取向结构,并且测试了薄膜的拉伸力学、热氧稳定和耐电压击穿性能。结果表明:两种链结构不同聚丙烯制备的BOPP薄膜,在油浸前后晶体结构没有明显改变;取向参数θj与fj显示油浸处理几乎不影响晶区取向结构,而无定形链的取向度降低。此外,油浸处理后高等规、窄分布薄膜的击穿场强从737 V/μm提高到863 V/μm。这是因为在油浸过程中会使无定形区发生取向松弛,消除内应力造成的结构缺陷,使得BOPP薄膜的击穿场强增加。

关键词：电容器用粗化膜结晶取向无定形相击穿场强

Explaining farmers'reluctance to adopt green manure cover crops planting for sustainable agriculture in Northwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3382-3394页

作者： sheng-han-Erin ChanG YI Xiao-yan Johannes SAUER YIN Chang-bin LI Fu-duo Agricultural Production and Resource Economics Technical University of MunichFreising 85354Germany Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Green manure cover crops(GMCCs)planting has a potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions(GHG)in agroecosystems and provides important ecosystem services,thereby achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)stipulated by the United ***,the advantages of cultivating GMCCs on arable land are not widely *** example,in the whole of China,the GMCCs planting area is less than 3.5%of total arable *** aim of this study is to explore reasons for the low adoption rate of GMCCs *** best–worst scaling(BWS)approach,farmers ranked their preferred conservation practices including three types of GMCC cropping *** Gansu Province in Northwest China as a case study,a survey with 276 farmers was *** findings indicated that three factors are related to the low adoption rate of GMCCs:1)farmers preferred improving farmland irrigation facilities and substituting chemical fertilizers with organic rather than planting GMCCs;2)lack of awareness and understanding of government policy on GMCCs and limited access to training courses;3)financial support and subsidies from the government are *** study provides insights and strategic implications for policymakers on how to further promote GMCCs in the future.

关键词： best–worst scaling farmers'preferences green manure cover crops sustainable agriculture Northwest China