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Disaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challengesDisaster effects of climate change in High Mountain Asia:State of art and scientific challenges

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 367-389页

作者： Hao Wang Bin-Bin Wang Peng Cui Yao-Ming Ma Yan Wang jian-sheng Hao Yu Wang Ya-Mei Li Li-Jun Sun Jiao Wang Guo-Tao Zhang Wei-Mo Li Yu Lei Wen-Qing Zhao Jin-Bo tang Chao-Yue Li Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China‒Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China

High Mountain Asia(HMA)shows a remarkable warming tendency and divergent trend of regional precipitation with enhanced meteorological *** rapid thawing of the HMA cryosphere may alter the magnitude and frequency of nature *** reviewed the influence of climate change on various types of nature hazards in HMA region,including their phenomena,mechanisms and *** reveals that:1)the occurrences of extreme rainfall,heavy snowfall,and drifting snow hazards are escalating;accelerated ice and snow melting have advanced the onset and increased the magnitude of snowmelt floods;2)due to elevating trigger factors,such as glacier debuttressing and the rapid shift of thermal and hydrological regime of bedrock/snow/ice interface or subsurface,the mass flow hazards including bedrock landslide,snow avalanche,ice-rock avalanches or glacier detachment,and debris flow will become more severe;3)increased active-layer detachment and retrogressive thaw slumps slope failures,thaw settlement and thermokarst lake will damage many important engineering structures and infrastructure in permafrost region;4)multi-hazards cascading hazard in HMA,such as the glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)and avalanche-induced mass flow may greatly enlarge the destructive power of the primary hazard by amplifying its volume,mobility,and impact force;and 5)enhanced slope instability and sediment supply in the highland areas could impose remote catastrophic impacts upon lowland regions,and threat hydropower security and future water *** future,ongoing thawing of HMA will profoundly weaken the multiple-phase material of bedrock,ice,water,and soil,and enhance activities of nature *** and cascading hazards of high magnitude will prevail in *** the glacier runoff overpasses the peak water,low flow or droughts in lowland areas downstream of glacierized mountain regions will became more frequent and *** escalating hazards in the HMA region requires tackling s

关键词： High Mountain Asia Climate change Cryosphere degradation Nature hazards Disaster risk

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地方品质、企业集聚行为与城市创新能力

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经济体制改革 2024年第4期 36-43页

作者：李婷陈健生西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院四川成都611130

从企业集聚行为视角出发,利用2010~2019年全国284个城市面板数据,探讨地方品质对城市创新能力的影响作用及其内在机制。研究结果表明,地方品质对城市创新能力有明显的促进作用。这一结论在缓解内生性及多种稳健性检验后依然成立。中介... 详细信息

从企业集聚行为视角出发,利用2010~2019年全国284个城市面板数据,探讨地方品质对城市创新能力的影响作用及其内在机制。研究结果表明,地方品质对城市创新能力有明显的促进作用。这一结论在缓解内生性及多种稳健性检验后依然成立。中介效应检验发现,企业集聚在地方品质驱动城市创新中发挥着中介作用,地方品质能够通过吸引企业集聚来影响城市创新。异质性分析表明,相较于经济发展水平较高的大城市以及中心城市,经济发展水平较低的中小城市和非中心城市的地方品质对城市创新能力的促进作用更显著。因此,城市特别是中小城市应大力推进地方品质建设,加快推进产业集群发展,发挥集聚经济的创新能力,促进城市创新能力提升。

关键词：地方品质企业集聚行为城市创新能力新空间经济学

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Advances of Pipeline Model Parallelism for Deep Learning Training:An Overview

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第3期39卷 567-584页

作者：关磊李东升梁吉业王文剑葛可适卢锡城 College of Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Deep learning has become the cornerstone of artificial intelligence,playing an increasingly important role in human production and ***,as the complexity of problem-solving increases,deep learning models become increasingly intricate,resulting in a proliferation of large language models with an astonishing number of *** model parallelism(PMP)has emerged as one of the mainstream approaches to addressing the significant challenge of training“big models”.This paper presents a comprehensive review of *** covers the basic concepts and main challenges of *** also comprehensively compares synchronous and asynchronous pipeline schedules for PMP approaches,and discusses the main techniques to achieve load balance for both intra-node and inter-node ***,the main techniques to optimize computation,storage,and communication are presented,with potential research directions being discussed.

关键词： deep learning pipeline schedule load balance multi-GPU system pipeline model parallelism(PMP)

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Study on the efficacy of early treatment with pirfenidone on the lung function of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第22期12卷 4913-4923页

作者： Ying Lei jian-Hui sheng Xu-Ru Jin Xian-Bing Liu Xiao-Yan Zheng Xiao-Hua Xu Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine The Quzhou Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory The Quzhou Affiliate Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityQuzhou 324000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is classified under fibrotic interstitial pneumonia,characterized by a chronic and progressive *** predominant clinical features of IPF include dyspnea and pulmonary *** To assess the effects of pirfenidone in the early treatment of IPF on lung function in *** A retrospective analysis was performed on 113 patients with IPF who were treated in our hospital from November 2017 to January *** patients were divided into two groups:control group(n=53)and observation group(n=60).In the control group,patients received routine therapy in combination with methylprednisolone tablets,while those in the observation group received routine therapy together with *** applying these distinct treatment approaches to the two groups,we assessed several parameters,including the overall effectiveness of clinical therapy,the occurrence of adverse reactions(e.g.,nausea,vomiting,and anorexia),symptom severity scores,pulmonary function index levels,inflammatory marker levels,and the 6-min walk distance before and after treatment in both *** The observation group exhibited significantly higher rates than the control group after therapy,with a clear distinction(P<0.05).After treatment,the observation group experienced significantly fewer adverse reactions than the control group,with a noticeable difference(P<0.05).When analyzing the symptom severity scores between the two groups of patients after treatment,the observation group had significantly lower scores than the control group,with a distinct difference(P<0.05).When comparing the pulmonary function index levels between the two groups of patients after therapy,the observation group displayed significantly higher levels than the control group,with a noticeable difference(P<0.05).Evaluating the inflammatory marker data(C-reactive protein,interleukin-2[IL-2],and IL-8)between the two groups of patients after therapy,the observation group

关键词： Pirfenidone Early intervention Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary function Effect evaluation

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Variations in evaporation from water surfaces along the margins of the Badain Jaran Desert over nearly 60 years and influencing factors

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 253-263页

作者： Li-juan Wang Zhe Wang Gao-lei jiang Zhen-long Nie jian-mei Shen sheng-hua Song Insttute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Gelogy Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 05006China Technology innovation Center for Geothermal and Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShjiazhuang 050061China Key Laboratoryof Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological Environmental Evolution China Geological SurveyShjiazhuang 0006 China

Based on meteorological data collected over nearly 60 years(1960-2017)from four national meteorological stations along the margins of the Badain Jaran Desert,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in evaporation from water surfaces and identified the dominant controlling *** used included linear trend analysis,linear tendency estimation,the departure method,the rank correlation coefficient-based method,and Multiple Linear Regression(MLR).Results indicate notable spatiotemporal differences in evaporation distribution and ***,average annual evaporation exhibited a pronounced altitude effect,decreasing at a rate of about 8.23 mm/m from east to west with increasing ***,annual evaporation showed significant upward trends after 1996 at the northeastern(Guaizi Lake)and western(Dingxin)margins,with rates of 132 mm/10a and 105 mm/10a,***,along the northwestern(Ejina Banner)and southern(Alxa Right Banner)margins of the desert,an evaporation paradox was observed,with annual evaporation trending downward at rates of 162 mm/10a and 187 mm/10a,respectively,especially after *** dominant factors controlling evaporation varied spatially:Average annual temperature and relative humidity influended the western margin(Dingxin),average annual temperature was the key factor for the northeastern margin(Guaizi Lake),and average wind speed was crucial for the northern(Ejina Banner)and southern(Alxa Right Banner)margins.

关键词： Evaporation from water surface Evaporation paradox Dominant controlling factor Variation trend

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强震裂谷区隧道及大跨桥场地潜在断错位移预测

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灾害学 2024年第2期39卷 80-84,171页

作者：喻烟张昕盛俭中国路桥工程有限责任公司北京100011 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院北京100085 南京工业大学江苏南京211816

与线性工程相交的断裂的抗断设计参数需要提供断裂展布与断裂活动方式、破碎带宽度、未来发生破坏性地震事件的可能性和单次事件的平均位移。该文以存在大量活动断裂的实际工程肯尼亚内马铁路Ngong隧道及DK40大桥场地为例,利用相关原则... 详细信息

与线性工程相交的断裂的抗断设计参数需要提供断裂展布与断裂活动方式、破碎带宽度、未来发生破坏性地震事件的可能性和单次事件的平均位移。该文以存在大量活动断裂的实际工程肯尼亚内马铁路Ngong隧道及DK40大桥场地为例,利用相关原则、构造类比原则、安全原则对跨越隧道及大桥场地的活动断裂单次事件潜在断错位移进行了预测,同时也探讨、分析了断裂展布与断裂活动方式、破碎带宽度、未来发生破坏性地震事件的可能性。该实例能够对环太平洋带强震地区跨越活动断裂的线性工程抗断设计参数获取提供参考价值。

关键词：强震裂谷区隧道大跨桥场地活动断裂断错位移内马铁路

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Shifts in reproductive strategies in the evolutionary trajectory of plant lineages

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Xin-jian Zhang Xian-Han Huang Jacob B.Landis Quan-sheng Fu Jun-Tong Chen Peng-Rui Luo Li-Juan Li Heng-Yi Lu Hang Sun Tao Deng State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey Hortorium Cornell University BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson Institute CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding the maintenance and shift in reproductive strategies is a fundamental question in evolutionary research. Although many efforts have been made to compare different reproductive strategies, the association between reproductive strategies and lineage divergence is largely unknown. To explore the impact of different reproductive strategies on lineage divergence, we investigated the evolution of clonality in Saxifraga sect. Irregulares+Heterisia. By integrating several lines of evidence, we found that the loss of clonality in Irregulares+Heterisia was associated with a progressive increase in diversification rate and intraspecific morphological diversity but with a reduction in species distribution range. Our findings provide insights into the ecological and evolutionary effects of different reproductive strategies,suggesting the necessity of integrating clonality into ecological and evolutional research.

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考虑汽车队列动态特性的混合交通流特性

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吉林大学学报（工学版） 2024年第4期54卷 947-958页

作者：杨秀建贾晓寒张生斌昆明理工大学交通工程学院昆明650500

针对自主汽车队列与人工驾驶车辆混合的交通流问题,考虑汽车队列自身固有的动力学特性及其与交通流的耦合作用,研究了汽车队列固有动态特性的混合交通流特性。首先建立了自主汽车队列慢化概率与队列车辆的车头时距以及队列规模之间的关... 详细信息

针对自主汽车队列与人工驾驶车辆混合的交通流问题,考虑汽车队列自身固有的动力学特性及其与交通流的耦合作用,研究了汽车队列固有动态特性的混合交通流特性。首先建立了自主汽车队列慢化概率与队列车辆的车头时距以及队列规模之间的关系模型,然后搭建了开放边界条件下汽车队列和人工驾驶车辆混合的元胞自动机交通流模型,最后进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,本文所建立的考虑汽车队列动态特性的混合交通流元胞自动机模型,揭示了现有模型无法反映的一些特殊的混合交通流特性;考虑汽车队列动态特性的混合交通流量会显著受到队列车头时距、队列规模等队列特征的影响,并且呈现出一定的非线性影响关系;车头时距和队列规模对混合交通流量的不利和有利影响同时存在,扩大队列规模和提高渗透率可显著改善混合交通流的流量特性,显著提升高车流密度下的道路通行能力。

关键词：交通运输规划与管理智能交通汽车队列元胞自动机混合交通流

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COPD细胞微环境体外模型建立的思路与方法

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中国药理学通报 2024年第1期40卷 6-12页

作者：秦燕勤刘含李建生河南中医药大学河南省中医药防治呼吸病重点实验室呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心河南郑州450046 河南中医药大学中医药科学院河南郑州450046 河南中医药大学第一附属医院呼吸科河南郑州450003

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是危害公众健康的重大慢性疾病。COPD病理机制复杂,细胞微环境改变是其病理生理的重要组成部分。细胞培养技术是研究COPD病理机制及药效药理评价的重要工具。该文介绍了... 详细信息

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是危害公众健康的重大慢性疾病。COPD病理机制复杂,细胞微环境改变是其病理生理的重要组成部分。细胞培养技术是研究COPD病理机制及药效药理评价的重要工具。该文介绍了肺内细胞微环境的基本构成,COPD病理进程中细胞微环境变化,总结了细胞微环境体外模型在COPD机制研究中的应用,提出COPD细胞微环境体外模型建立的思路与方法。

关键词： COPD 细胞微环境体外模型细胞共培养气-液面培养气血屏障肺类器官

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Characteristics of Vegetation and Soil of Degraded Grasslands and Their Relationships in Xizang

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2024年第9期45卷 5341-5350页

作者： Li, Qing-Wan Gu, Jin-Kai Li, Qing-Lin Li, Wan-Chi Xiang, sheng-jian tang, Guo-Yong Institute Highland Forest Science Chinese Academy of Forestry Kunming 650233 China College of Landscape Architecture Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan University Kunming 650504 China

To investigate the characteristics of grassland degradation on a regional scale in Xizang,data on grassland degradation from the second grassland survey of Xizang and 12 vegetation and soil indicators from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center were collected. Using ArcMap,10 000 random sample points were selected on raster data(excluding non-grassland,desertification,and salinization data,leaving 7 949 valid sample points). The multi-value extraction to-point method was applied to extract degradation and indicator data for each sample point. The characteristics of degraded grassland vegetation and soil and their relationships were analyzed in Xizang. Moreover,random forest modeling was conducted to predict the trend of grassland ecosystem changes. The results indicated that:① The grasslands in Xizang were primarily composed of alpine steppe and alpine meadow types, accounting for 45.83% and 41.15% of the valid sample points,respectively. ② With the intensification of grassland degradation,the number of steppe-type species among the 17 grassland types gradually decreased,and the proportion of steppe dominated by species such as Stipa purpurea and Carex moorcroftii decreased,whereas the proportion of miscellaneous grasses and Dasiphora fruticosa increased. ③ As the degree of degradation increased,vegetation indicators generally showed a declining trend,with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus,total potassium,and organic carbon decreasing,whereas soil pH and bulk density increased,and soil moisture content was not significant. ④ A positive correlation exists between soil moisture content,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,organic carbon,vegetation cover,net primary productivity of vegetation,normalized difference vegetation index,aboveground biomass,and habitat quality. However,there was a negative correlation between pH and soil bulk density,and the correlation coefficients among various indicators decreased with the intensification of degradation. ⑤

关键词： Abiotic

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