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体认即反思

河北学刊 2025年第1期45卷 11-19页

作者：沈顺福山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心暨儒学高等研究院

体认是宋明理学的重要概念之一,主要是指由心灵自身所发动的、面对自身的活动。这种对自身的心灵活动便是现代哲学的反思。体认既是对天理的体合、实现心理合一,也是让本性澄明。理学家认为,自然的浊气遮蔽了天生的本性,而体认便是心灵... 详细信息

体认是宋明理学的重要概念之一,主要是指由心灵自身所发动的、面对自身的活动。这种对自身的心灵活动便是现代哲学的反思。体认既是对天理的体合、实现心理合一,也是让本性澄明。理学家认为,自然的浊气遮蔽了天生的本性,而体认便是心灵对气质浑浊的心灵的活动,通过纯洁气质,让性澄明。心理合一也是本性澄明——理即性;对本性的觉察也是对自身身份的觉悟,形成主体——性即体。对性的认可便是对理的接受与遵循;体认天理的活动便是合“理”的超越性活动。

关键词：体认反思理理学

Cell-cycle length of medial ganglionic eminence progenitors contributes to interneuron fate

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Protein & Cell 2022年第2期13卷 141-147页

作者： ni Zong Min Wang Yinghui fu Dan shen Yong-Chun Yu Jing’an District Central Hospital of Shanghai State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Dear Editor,GABAergic interneurons contribute to cortical function by regulating the balance of *** of inhibitory interneurons has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders(Hashimoto et al.2003;Marín 2012).The most striking feature of GABAergic interneurons is their diversity of cell *** fate-mapping studies have demonstrated the presence of spatially and temporally distinct progenitor domains for interneuron subclasses within the embryonic ventral telencephalon(Butt et al.2005;Inan et al.2012),the mechanisms of interneuron subtype-determination during development remain poorly understood.

关键词： medial cycle striking

[Solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of seven coumarins in water samples from drinking water treatment plants]

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Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography 2025年第1期43卷 78-86页

作者： Wen-Mei Jiao Jing-Ming Yang Ce Xu fu-Kang Gao Lu-Yao shen Yu-Bo Yuan Zhi-Fen Guo Guang Huang School of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Second Normal University Nanjing 211200 China. School of Stomatology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China. School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166 China. Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Ministry of Education School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166 China.

Chlorinated coumarins, which are as cytotoxic as highly toxic halobenzoquinones toward CHO-K1 cells, have recently been identified as disinfection byproducts in drinking water disinfection processes. Therefore, detecting coumarins in water samples collected at various stages from drinking water treatment plants helps assess the formation of chlorinated coumarins in drinking water. Hence, a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for quantifying coumarins in water samples is required. In this study, a method was developed based on solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for analyzing seven coumarins in water samples from drinking water treatment plants, including 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, 8-chloro-7-hydroxycoumarin, coumarin, 7-chloro-6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, and 3,8-dichloro-7-hydroxycoumarin. Sample pretreatment involved solid-phase extraction using HLB columns, followed by elution with water and methanol, each containing 0.25% formic acid. The extracted solution was separated via gradient elution using a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (100 mm×2.0 mm, 3 mm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phases, with analytes detected by triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The matrix effect, precision, and accuracy of the developed method were investigated using raw and treated water as matrices. Matrix effects of 0.84-1.12 were recorded for the detection of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, and coumarin in raw water, while values of 0.67-0.70 were recorded for 8-chloro-7-hydroxycoumarin, 7-chloro-6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, and 3,8-dichloro-7-hydroxycoumarin in finished water. The three chlorinated coumarins exhibited matrix effects above 0.80 after the finished water matrix had been diluted four times. These re

关键词： coumarins disinfection byproducts drinking water high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) solid-phase extraction (SPE)

The Cotorsion Pair Cogenerated by the Subcategory of Stable functors in ((R-mod)^op, Ab)

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Algebra Colloquium 2019年第2期26卷 259-270页

作者： Xianhui fu Meiyuan ni School of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China

Let R be an associative ring with identity. Denote by ((R-mod)^op, Ab) the category consisting of contravariant functors from the category of finitely presented left R-modules R-mod to the category of abelian groups Ab. An object in ((R-mod)^op, Ab) is said to be a stable functor if it vanishes on the regular module R. Let T be the subcategory of stable functors. There are two torsion pairs t1=(Gen(-,R),T)and t2=(T,F1), where 1 is the subcategory of ((R-mod)^op, Ab) consisting of functors with flat dimension at most 1. In this article, let R be a ring of weakly global dimension at most 1, and assume R satisfies that for any exact sequence 0 → M → N → K → 0, if M and N are pure injective, then K is also pure injective. We calculate the cotorsion pair (⊥T,(⊥T)⊥)cogenerated by T clearly. It is shown that G∈⊥T if and only if G/t1(G) is a projective object in T, i.e., G/t1(G)=(-,M) for some R-module M;and G∈(⊥T)⊥ if and only if G/t2(G) is of the form (-, E), where E is an injective R-module.

关键词： stable functors cotorsion pairs torsion pairs

Adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第1期28卷 214-228页

作者： Kong Haipeng Li ni shen Yuzhong School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Department of Modeling Simulation and Visualization Engineering Old Dominion University

Optimization problems are often highly constrained and evolutionary algorithms（EAs）are effective methods to tackle this kind of problems. To further improve search efficiency and convergence rate of EAs, this paper presents an adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm（ADCQGA） for solving constrained optimization problems. ADCQGA makes use of doubleindividuals to represent solutions that are classified as feasible and infeasible solutions. Fitness（or evaluation） functions are defined for both types of solutions. Based on the fitness function, three types of step evolution（SE） are defined and utilized for judging evolutionary individuals. An adaptive rotation is proposed and used to facilitate updating individuals in different *** further improve the search capability and convergence rate, ADCQGA utilizes an adaptive evolution process（AEP）, adaptive mutation and replacement techniques. ADCQGA was first tested on a widely used benchmark function to illustrate the relationship between initial parameter values and the convergence rate/search capability. Then the proposed ADCQGA is successfully applied to solve other twelve benchmark functions and five well-known constrained engineering design problems. Multi-aircraft cooperative target allocation problem is a typical constrained optimization problem and requires efficient methods to tackle. Finally, ADCQGA is successfully applied to solving the target allocation problem.

关键词： constrained rotation utilized benchmark constraints allocation fitness tackle illustrate facilitate

Estimation of the electromechanical characteristics of power systems based on a revised stochastic subspace method and the stabilization diagram

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第6期55卷 1677-1687页

作者： ni JingMin shen Chen LIU Feng State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Beijing 100084China

Estimating low-frequency oscillation modes and the corresponding mode shapes based on ambient data from WAMS measurements has a promising prospect in power system analysis and *** on the stochastic subspace method,this paper proposes a revised stochastic subspace method by introducing reference channels,which can estimate the modes and the mode shapes simultaneously with great computational ***,the accuracy of the estimated results is not *** discriminate the real modes from the spurious ones,the stabilization diagram is introduced.A novel algorithm is designed to deal with the stabilization diagram which can detect the real modes *** conducted on the IEEE-118 system indicate that the proposed method has good performance in terms of both computational efficiency and accuracy,and has the potential of being used on-line.

关键词： electromechanical oscillation ambient data stochastic subspace method reference channels stabilization diagram

Highly Stereoselective and One-Pot Synthesis of Tetra-substituted Monofluoroalkenes with Aldehydes and Fluorobis（phenylsulfonyl）methane

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2013年第7期31卷 878-884页

作者： Xiao shen Chuanfa ni Jinbo Hu Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

A highly stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted monofluoroalkenes with aldehydes and fluorobis（phenyl- sulfonyl）methane （FBSM） in one pot has been developed. The reaction was amenable topara- and meta-substituted aryl aldehydes, 2-naphthaldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde, giving phenylsulfonyl-substituted monofluoroalkenes in 40%--86% yields with 98/2- 99/1 Z/E ratios. The presence of the sulfonyl group enables the further transformation of the products into more useful monofluoroalkenes.

关键词： olefination aldehydes nucleophilic addition sulfones fluorine

Potential application of SSRF in radiation oncology: The aspects of radiobiology

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2009年第6期20卷 325-330页

作者： fu shen JIANG Guoliang Shanghai No.6 People ＇s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200233 China Shanghai Cancer Hospital of fudan University Shanghai 200032 China

Conventional radiotherapy remains to be one of the most useful treatments for cancer, but it is not the best strategy to maximize the effects on the tumors and minimize the damage to the surrounding tissues because of its physical and radiobiological characteristics. Synchrotrons represent a unique method for an innovative anti-cancer treatment due to the physical features (i.e. high fluence, tunable and collimated) of X-ray induced by synchrotron, so photon activation therapy and microbeam radiation treatment have been developed, but it is very imperative to understand the radiobiological mechanism of synchrotron radiation before we could transfer the strategy into the clinic. This paper is to summary the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments with synchrotron radiation, and review the advances of molecular and cellular radiobiological mechanism involved in synchrotron radiation. Since Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has produced the first synchrotron, it will provide the unique opportunity for the study of radiobiological effects of synchrotron radiation.

关键词：上海同步辐射装置放射生物学效应肿瘤学光源同步加速器应用放射治疗物理特征

Room temperature polymerization of alkyl isocyanates catalyzed by rare earth Schiff base complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第11期52卷 1843-1850页

作者： XiongFa Yang XuFeng ni ZhiQuan shen Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and functionalization Ministry of Education Institute of Polymer Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

The polymerization of alkyl isocyanates catalyzed by rare earth chloride salen complexes/triisobutyl aluminum (Ln(H2salen)2Cl3·2C2H7OH/Al(i-Bu)3) at room temperature was investigated. The influences of ligand structure, catalyst composition, polymerization temperature, polymerization time, the concentration of catalyst and monomer, and the polymerization solvent on the polymerization of isocyanates were studied. It was found that under the polymerization conditions, examined La(H2salenA)2Cl3·2C2-H7OH/Al(i-Bu)3 (H2salenA= N,N′-disalicylideneethylene diamine) is a fairly high efficient catalyst for the polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate (n-HexNCO) to prepare high molecular weight poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (PHNCO) with narrower molecular weight distribution at room temperature. PHNCO could be prepared with yield of 74.0%, number-average molecular weight (M n) of 40.20×104 and MWD of 1.79 under the following optimum conditions: [Al]/[La] = 30 (molar ratio), [n-HexNCO]/[La] = 100 (molar ratio), [n-HexNCO] = 3.43 mol/L polymerization at 20°C for 12 h in toluene. In the same polymerization conditions, poly (n-octyl isocyanate) (PONCO) with yield of 67.3%, and poly(n-butyl isocyanate) (PBNCO) with yield of 45.5%, could be prepared respectively. The kinetics of the polymerization of n-HexNCO was also investigated and found to be first-order with respect to both monomer and catalyst concentrations.

关键词： rare earth catalyst Schiff base complex polymerization alkyl isocyanate