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The WRKY46–MYC2 module plays a critical role in E-2-hexenal-induced anti-herbivore responses by promoting flavonoid accumulation

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 228-242页

作者： Xin Hao Shuyao Wang Yu Fu Yahui Liu Hongyu shen Libo j.ang Eric SMcLamore Yingbai shen National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL 61820USA Department of Agricultural Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to ***,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium *** of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 ***,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down *** WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift *** module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to ***,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.

关键词： E-2-hexenal early signaling events WRKY46–MYC2 RBOHD naringenin

DeepLogic:Priority Testing of Deep Learning Through Interpretable Logic Units

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Chinese j.urnal of Electronics 2024年第4期33卷 948-964页

作者： Chenhao LIN Xingliang ZHANG Chao shen Faculty of Electronic and Infomation Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

With the increasing deployment of deep learning-based systems in various scenes, it is becoming important to conduct sufficient testing and evaluation of deep learning models to improve their interpretability and robustness. Recent studies have proposed different criteria and strategies for deep neural network(DNN) ***, they rarely conduct effective testing on the robustness of DNN models and lack interpretability. This paper proposes a new priority testing criterion, called DeepLogic, to analyze the robustness of the DNN models from the perspective of model interpretability. We first define the neural units in DNN with the highest average activation probability as “interpretable logic units”. We analyze the changes in these units to evaluate the model's robustness by conducting adversarial attacks. After that, the interpretable logic units of the inputs are taken as context attributes, and the probability distribution of the softmax layer in the model is taken as internal attributes to establish a comprehensive test prioritization framework. The weight fusion of context and internal factors is carried out, and the test cases are sorted according to this priority. The experimental results on four popular DNN models using eight testing metrics show that our DeepLogic significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Deep learning Measurement Analytical models Artificial neural networks Robustness Probability distribution Logic

Which Neighborhoods Have Easier Access to Online Home Delivery Services?A Spatiotemporal Accessibility Analysis in Nanj.ng,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第4期34卷 722-738页

作者： KONG Yu ZHEN Feng ZHANG Shanqi shen Lizhen School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Provincial Engineering Research Center of Smart City Planning and Digital Governance Nanjing 210093China

The rise in online home delivery services(OHDS)has had a significant impact on how urban services are supplied and used in recent *** on the spatial accessibility of OHDS are emerging,but few is known about the temporal dimension of OHDS accessibility as well as the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the spatiotemporal accessibility of *** study measures the spatiotemporal accessibility of four types of OHDS,namely leisure,fresh and convenient,medical,and catering *** geographic and socioeconomic disparities in the spatiotemporal accessibility of these four types of OHDS are then identified using spatial statistical methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test(K-W test).The case study in Nanj.ng,China,suggests that:1)spatiotemporal accessibility better reflects the temporal variation of OHDS accessibility and avoids overestimation of OHDS accessibility when only considering its spatial dimension.2)The spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS varies geographically and *** located in the main city or neighborhoods with higher housing prices,higher population density,and higher point of interest(POI)mix have better OHDS spatiotemporal *** study contributes to the understanding of OHDS accessibility from a spatiotemporal perspective,and the empirical insights can assist policymakers in creating intervention plans that take into account variations in OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.

关键词： online home delivery services(OHDS) spatiotemporal accessibility neighborhoods accessibility differences Nanj.ng City China

Molecular mechanism of flowering time regulation in Brassica rapa:similarities and differences with Arabidopsis

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Horticultural Plant j.urnal 2024年第3期10卷 615-628页

作者： Na Li Rui Yang Shuxing shen j.anj.n Zhao State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of HebeiCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071000China

Properly regulated flowering time is pivotal for successful plant *** floral transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is regulated by a complex gene regulatory network that integrates environmental signals and internal conditions to ensure that flowering takes place under favorable *** rapa is a diploid Cruciferae species that includes several varieties that are cultivated as vegetable or oil *** time is one of the most important agricultural traits of *** crops because of its influence on yield and *** transition to flowering in *** is regulated by several environmental and developmental cues,which are perceived by several signaling pathways,including the vernalization pathway,the autonomous pathway,the circadian clock,the thermosensory pathway,and gibberellin(GA)*** signals are integrated to control the expression of floral integrators BrFTs and BrSOC1s to regulate *** this review,we summarized current research advances on the molecular mechanisms that govern flowering time regulation in *** and compare this to what is known in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Flowering time Brassica rapa Vernalization Photoperiod

An mmWave Dual-Band Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide Single Cavity Filter with Frequency Selectivity

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China Communications 2024年第1期21卷 188-199页

作者： Qiuhua Lin Dongya shen Lihui Wang Zhiyong Luo School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518107China shenzhen Key Laboratory of Navigation and Communication Integration Shenzhen 518107China

A novel dual-band ISGW cavity filter with enhanced frequency selectivity is proposed in this paper by utilizing a multi-mode coupling *** cavity is designed to control the number of modes,and then the ports are determined by analyzing the coupling relationship between these selected *** synthesizing the coupling matrix of the filter,a nonresonating node(NRN)structure is introduced to flexibly tune the frequency of modes,which gets a dualband and quad-band filtering response from a tri-band filter no the ***,a frequency selective surface(FSS)has been newly designed as the upper surface of the cavity,which significantly improves the bad out-of-band suppression and frequency selectivity that often exists in most traditional cavity filter designs and *** results show that its two center frequencies are f01=27.50 GHz and f02=32.92GHz,*** with the dual-band filter that there is no the FSS metasurface,the out-of-band suppression level is improved from measured 5 dB to18 dB,and its finite transmission zero(FTZ)numbers is increased from measured 1 to 4 between the two designed *** with the tri-band and quadband filter,its passband bandwidth is expanded from measured 1.17%,1.14%,and 1.13% or 1.31%,1.50%,0.56%,and 0.57% to 1.71% and 1.87%.In addition,the filter has compact,small,and lightweight characteristics.

关键词： coupling topology frequency selectivity non-resonating node(NRN) out-of-band suppression single ISGW cavity filter

A Certified Cubic B-Spline Interpolation Method with Tangential Direction Constraints

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j.urnal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 1271-1294页

作者： HE Shitao shen Liyong WU Qin YUAN Chunming School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China KLMM Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Curve interpolation with B-spline is widely used in various areas. This problem is classic and recently raised in application scenario with new requirements such as path planning following the tangential vector field under certified error in CNC machining. This paper proposes an algorithm framework to solve Hausdorff distance certified cubic B-spline interpolation problem with or without tangential direction constraints. The algorithm has two stages: The first stage is to find the initial cubic B-spine fitting curve which satisfies the Hausdorff distance constraint;the second stage is to set up and solve the optimization models with certain constraints. Especially, the sufficient conditions of the global Hausdorff distance control for any error bound are discussed, which can be expressed as a series of linear and quadratic constraints. A simple numerical algorithm to compute the Hausdorff distance between a polyline and its B-spline interpolation curve is proposed to reduce our *** results are presented to show the advantages of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： Cubic B-spline Hausdorff distance interpolation tangential direction

Utility and Application of a Versatile Analytical Method for MMF Calculation in AC Machines

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第1期8卷 22-31页

作者： Ze-Zheng Wu Robert Nilssen j.an-Xin shen IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China the Department of Electric Energy Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorwayand also affiliated with the College of Electrical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

A versatile analytical method(VAM) for calculating the harmonic components of the magnetomotive force(MMF) generated by diverse armature windings in AC machines has been proposed, and the versatility of this method has been established in early literature. However, its practical applications and significance in advancing the analysis of AC machines need further elaboration. This paper aims to complement VAM by augmenting its theory, offering additional insights into its conclusions, as well as demonstrating its utility in assessing armature windings and its application of calculating torque for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM). This work contributes to advancing the analysis of AC machines and underscores the potential for improved design and performance optimization.

关键词： AC machine Analytical method Harmonic analysis MMF Magnetic field Torque calculation

Feedback of Efficient Shock Acceleration on Magnetic-field Structure Inside Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 234-244页

作者： j.n-Yu shen Bi-Wen Bao Li Zhang Department of Astronomy Key Laboratory of Astroparticle Physics of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Statistical Modeling and Data Analysis of Yunnan Province Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Using an effective adiabatic index γ_(eff) to mimic the feedback of efficient shock acceleration,we simulate the temporal evolution of a young type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) with two different background magnetic field(BMF) topologies:a uniform and a turbulent *** density distribution and magnetic-field characteristics of our benchmark SNR are studied with two-dimensional cylindrical magnetohydrodynamic *** γ_(eff)is considered,we find that:(1) the two-shock structure shrinks and the downstream magnetic-field orientation is dominated by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability structures;(2) there exists more quasi-radial magnetic fields inside the shocked region;and (3) inside the intershock region,both the quasi-radial magnetic energy density and the total magnetic energy density are enhanced:in the radial direction,with γ_(eff)=1.1,they are amplified about 10–26 times more than those with γ_(eff)=5/*** in the angular direction,the total magnetic energy densities could be amplified about 350 times more than those with γ_(eff)=5/3,and there are more grid cells within the intershock region where the magnetic energy density is amplified by a factor greater than 100.

关键词： methods:numerical ISM:magnetic fields ISM:supernova remnants magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)

Plant RNA-binding proteins:Phase separation dynamics and functional mechanisms underlying plant development and stress responses

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 531-551页

作者： sheng Fan Yu Zhang Shaobo Zhu Lisha shen Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory 1 Research LinkNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore 117604Singapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore

RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in *** RBPs undergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA *** evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions play important roles in plant development and stress ***,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and enables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA *** also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,protein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behaviors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.

关键词： RNA-binding proteins phase separation biomolecular condensates RNA metabolism development stress resilience