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Climate change,24-hour movement behaviors,and health:a mini umbrella review

Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 350-363页

作者： Evaline Zisis shawn Hakimi Eun-Young Lee School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKHS 30728 Division StKingstonON K7L3N6Canada Department of Gender Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

Background:The worsening climate change and alarming prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases continue to threat human life and *** evidence suggests that favorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors,high physical activity,low sedentary behavior,and adequate sleep,may positively contribute to achieving dual benefits of climate change mitigation and disease *** purposes of this mini umbrella review were to summarize the most up-to-date,high-level evidence exploring the relationships between climate change,24-h movement behaviors,and health and elaborate on the mechanisms linking the three variables of ***:A systematic search of electronic databases was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar during March–October *** criteria were:(1)systematic review;(2)reviewed relationships between climate change and movement behaviors and/or health in any directions;(3)written in English;(4)published in 2010–*** synthesis was conducted to highlight the main relationships observed and address the current state of knowledge and priorities for future *** order to illustrate the potential mechanisms between climate change,movement behaviors,and health,the main results from included systematic reviews were summarized and a conceptual framework was developed for future ***:Based on the evidence from eight systematic reviews published in the past decade,multi-directional(i.e.,uni-,bi-,or U-shaped)links were observed between climate change and varying human health ***,little is understood about the association between climate change and 24-h movement *** reviews suggested the negative impact of climate change on sleep and bi-directional relationships between climate change and physical activity/*** review included two studies suggesting the unfavorable impact of climate change on sedentary behavior;however,the evidence was ***,no reviews examined t

关键词： Population health Chronic disease Global warming Natural disaster Physical activity

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Pancreatitis of ectopic pancreatic tissue:a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第3期5卷 237-240,I0003页

作者： Saleh Elwir Brooke Glessing Khalid Amin Eric Jensen shawn Mallery Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Pathology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Surgical Oncology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Inflammation in ectopic pancreatic tissue can clinically present with pain or obstructive symptoms,depending on the location of the ectopic *** present a rare case of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to pancreatit... 详细信息

关键词： gastric outlet obstruction ectopic pancreas pancreatitis

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采用桥电路与Chirp电压的频域介电谱测试技术

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中国电机工程学报 2015年第18期35卷 4790-4798页

作者：杨旭 NIELSEN shawn LEDWICH Gerard 昆士兰科技大学

频域介电谱响应测试技术广泛应用于评估变压器油纸绝缘系统的老化状态。为突出松弛极化过程及缩短测试时间，首次利用桥式电路和Chirp波形电压对现有的频域介电谱测试技术进行了改进。其中桥式电路用来消除几何电容的主导作用同时测量... 详细信息

频域介电谱响应测试技术广泛应用于评估变压器油纸绝缘系统的老化状态。为突出松弛极化过程及缩短测试时间，首次利用桥式电路和Chirp波形电压对现有的频域介电谱测试技术进行了改进。其中桥式电路用来消除几何电容的主导作用同时测量非瞬时极化过程的介电响应。桥电路的应用使虚导纳成为老化指标，即利于理解极化过程，又能简化系统辨识过程。该技术还采用扫频Chirp波形信号作为电压激励源来缩短测量时间，并设计 Chirp 匹配滤波器来提取Chirp信号的频域信息。测量结果表明，经桥电路测量的虚导纳能够作为老化指标来评估油纸绝缘系统老化状况，并且在10？4~1 Hz的频率范围内，测试仅耗时3.3 h，节省至少7 h测试时间。

关键词：频域介电谱测试油纸绝缘系统绝缘老化 Chirp波形激励虚导纳系统辨识

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD shawn P.BROWN Allison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA Biochemistry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant Pathology DepartmentMississippi State UniversityStarkville MS 39762USA Department of Biological Sciences The University of MemphisMemphis TN 38152USAAntonioand the University of Memphis。

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures *** effect has,and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North *** the southern Appalachian Mountains,wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human *** investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties,microbial extracellular enzyme production,and microbial abundances in a temperate region,surface soils(0-15 cm)were collected from two sites(the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina,USA)spanning lightly,moderately,and severely burned areas,accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as *** soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019(i.e.,0.5,1,and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity *** hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time,with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years *** enzymes varied among burn severities and across time *** burn plots showed greater carbon-specific(β-glucosidase andβ-xylosidase)and phosphorus-specific(acid phosphatase)enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire,but this effect was *** 2.5 years post-fire,theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the *** contrast,the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire,but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years *** fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity,indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during *** results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe,which potentially has long-term impacts on biogeochemical

关键词： burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure 16S rRNA

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Skin grafting the vascular pedicle: a useful technique to avoid microvascular collapse in free tissue transfer for limb salvage

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第5期6卷 1-9页

作者： Alexandra Kovar shawn Diamond Matthew L.Iorio Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CenterAuroraCO 80045USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Plastic Surgery ResidencyBostonMA 02215USA.

Aim:Free tissue transfer is essential for extremity reconstruction following traumatic injuries,oncologic resection,and diabetic ***,given the circumferential shape of the arm and leg,a small amount of ongoing edema can prevent a tension-free ***,intraoperative thrombosis,vascular disease can lead to proximal exposure of the pedicle or vein *** study evaluates the outcomes of microvascular transfers that utilized a skin graft for closure over the pedicle,in comparison with a matched cohort with a tension-free primary ***:A retrospective review was completed of all patients that underwent free flap reconstruction of an extremity defect from January 2014 to December 2017 at a single academic *** that utilized skin grafting for closure were compared to those closed *** operative procedures,demographics,and complications were ***:A total of 71 patients fulfilled the inclusion *** 11 flaps in 10 patients underwent skin grafting over the *** two cohorts were comparable in age,gender,BMI,and co-morbidities,excluding renal disease which was present in 40%(n=4)of skin grafted group compared to 6.5%(n=4)in the primary closure *** area,operative time,and anastomosis technique were comparable between the two *** was no significant difference in the rates of post-operative complications including partial flap loss,complete flap loss,*** follow up time in the skin grafting group was 14.2 months and 20.2 months for the primary closure group. ;Conclusion:As per the principal,a tension-free closure is paramount to preventing tissue complications including direct compression of a microvascular ***,with ongoing tissue edema skin grafting should be considered as a reliable technique to ensure both protection of the pedicle as well as prevention of direct compression without additional complications and comparable post-operative outcome

关键词： Free flap limb salvage skin graft microsurgery

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Impact of rewilding,species introductions and climate change on the structure and function of the Yukon boreal forest ecosystem

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 123-138页

作者： Rudy BOONSTRA Stan BOUTIN Thomas S.JUNG Charles J.KREBS shawn TAYLOR Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Department of Environment Government of YukonWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Community and ecosystem changes are happening in the pristine boreal forest ecosystem of the Yukon for 2 ***,climate change is affecting the abiotic environment(temperature,rainfall and growing season)and driving changes in plant productivity and predator-prey ***,simultaneously change is occurring because of mammal species reintroductions and *** key ecological question is the impact these faunal changes will have on trophic *** productivity in the boreal forest is increasing because of climatic warming,but plant species composition is unlikely to change significantly during the next 50-100 *** 9-10-year population cycle of snowshoe hares will persist but could be reduced in amplitude if winter weather increases predator hunting *** rodents have increased in abundance because of increased vegetation *** ground squirrels have disappeared from the forest because of increased predator hunting efficiency associated with shrub *** have occurred for 2 reasons:human reintroductions of large ungulates and natural recolonization of mammals and birds extending their geographic *** deliberate rewilding of wood bison(Bison bison)and elk(Cervus canadensis)has changed the trophic structure of this boreal ecosystem very *** natural range expansion of mountain lions(Puma concolor),mule deer(Odocoileus hemionus)and American marten(Martes americana)should have few ecosystem *** potential changes will require long-term monitoring studies and experiments on a scale we rarely deem *** affected by climate change,species reintroductions and human alteration of habitats cannot remain stable and changes will be critically dependent on food web interactions.

关键词： community stability introduced species population cycles trophic dynamics

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Spectroscopic investigation of the interactions between gold nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第10期57卷 1109-1115页

作者： SHI XiuJuan LI Dan XIE Jing WANG shawn WU ZhaoQiang CHEN Hong College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China School of Material Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China Department of Nanotechnology Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L3G1 Canada

The interactions between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) ,and the conformational changes of BSA induced by this interaction,were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared in combination with attenuated total reflection spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) .The critical adsorption density for preventing AuNP aggregation in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffered saline(pH 7.2) was 23 BSA molecules per gold particle or 3.8×1012 BSA molecules/*** bound to the AuNPs with high affinity(binding constant Ks=7.59×108 L/mol) ,and the intrin-sic fluorescence of BSA was quenched by the AuNPs in accordance with the static quenching *** fluorescence spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR showed that AuNPs induced conformational changes in BSA,which resulted in it becoming less compact and increased the polarity of the microenvironment around the tryptophan residue Trp-212.

关键词：牛血清白蛋白金纳米粒子可见吸收光谱相互作用 ATR-FTIR 荧光光谱磷酸盐缓冲液构象变化

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Length unstable femoral fractures:A misnomer?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第9期11卷 380-390页

作者： Eric Andrew Mussell Achraf Jardaly shawn R Gilbert Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Alabama at Birminghamand Andrews Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic CenterBirminghamAL 35205United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham and Lebanese American UniversityGilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of MedicineByblos 00000Lebanon Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

BACKGROUND Flexible intramedullary nailing(FIMN)is relatively contraindicated for pediatric length unstable femoral *** To evaluate FIMN treatment outcomes for pediatric diaphyseal length unstable femoral fractures in patients aged 5 to 13 *** This retrospective study includes pediatric patients(age range 5-13 years)who received operative treatment for a diaphyseal femoral fracture at a single institution between 2013 and *** unstable femur fractures treated with FIMN were compared to treatment with other fixation methods[locked intramedullary nailing(IMN),submuscular plating(SMP),and external fixation]and to length stable fractures treated with *** criteria included patients who had an underlying predisposition for fractures(e.g.,pathologic fractures or osteogenesis imperfecta),polytrauma necessitating intensive care unit care and/or extensive management of other injuries,incomplete records,or no follow-up *** who had a length stable femoral fracture treated with modalities other than FIMN were excluded as *** Ninety-five fractures from ninety-two patients were included in the study and consists of three *** three groups are length unstable fractures treated with FIMN(n=21),length stable fractures treated with FIMN(n=45),and length unstable fractures treated with either locked IMN,SMP,or external fixator(n=29).P values<0.05 were considered statistically *** characteristic differences that were statistically significant between the groups,length unstable with FIMN and length unstable with locked IMN,SMP,or external fixator,were average age(7.4 years vs 9.3 years,respectively),estimated blood loss(29.2 mL vs 98 mL,respectively)and body mass(27.8 kg vs 35.1 kg,respectively).All other patient characteristic differences were statistically *** complications,length unstable with FIMN had 9 total complications while length unstable with locked IMN,SMP,or external fixato

关键词： Flexible intramedullary nail Titanium elastic mail Elastic stable intramedullary nail Pediatrics Length unstable Femoral fractures Bone fracture Orthopedics

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Why Doesn＇t the Hong Kong Government Sell More Public Land？

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第3期11卷 367-389页

作者： Saku Aura Francis K. Cheung shawn Ni Department of Economics University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Decision Sciences & Managerial Economics Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong China

Why doesn＇t the Hong Kong government sell more of its enormous land holding to lower the city＇s high housing price and increase the residents＇ small living space？ We answer the question in an overlapping generations framework. We show that while a rapid and complete privatization of government land is efficient in the absence of externalities; it is made politically difficult by a compensation gap, when the losses of current property owners are greater than the government revenue from land sales. We argue that the cross-country diversity of government land ownership owes to historical incidents in some countries （such as the U.S. in the 19th century） that allowed disposal of government land without filling the compensation gap and the absence of such incidents in others （such as Hong Kong）.

关键词： Hong Kong government land housing price privatization,land ownership

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Assessment of growth monitoring among children younger than 5 years at early childhood development centres in Nelson Mandela Bay,South Africa

Health Care Science

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Health Care Science 2024年第1期3卷 32-40页

作者： shawn W.McLaren Liana Steenkamp Jessica Ronaasen School of Human Sciences London Metropolitan UniversityLondonUK Department of Dietetics Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa The Do More Foundation WestvilleSouth Africa

Introduction:Early childhood development(ECD)centres are important community hubs in South Africa and act as sites for community detection of childhood nutrition *** study aimed to assess the ability of trained ECD practitioners with optimal support to correctly classify the nutritional status of infants and young children at ECD centres in the Nelson Mandela ***:A descriptive,cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 1645 infants and children at 88 ECD *** measurements were taken by trained fieldworkers and growth monitoring and promotion infrastructure was audited at ECD ***:Of the sample,4.4%(n=72)were underweight by weight for age Z-score(WAZ<-2)and 0.8%(n=13)were severely underweight(WAZ<-3).Results showed that 13.1%(n=214)were stunted by height for age Z-score(HAZ<-2)and 4.5%(n=74)were severely stunted(HAZ<-3).The prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition was 1.2%and severe acute malnutrition was 0.5%,while the prevalence of overweight was 9.2%and the prevalence of obesity was 4%.A significant level of agreement between the correct interpretation and the ECD practitioners'interpretation was observed across all the anthropometric indicators *** true positive wasting cases had a mean mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC)of 14.6 cm,which may explain the high false negative rate found in terms of children identified with wasting,where ECD practitioners fail to use the weight for height Z-score(WHZ)interpretation for ***:By using ECD centres as hub to screen for malnutrition,it may contribute to the early identification of failure to thrive among young *** it was concerning that trained ECD practitioners are missing some children with an unacceptably high false negative rate,it may have been due to the fact that wasting in older children cannot be identified with MUAC alone and that accurate WFH plotting is *** mentorship by governmental health workers may p

关键词： early childhood development CHWs growth monitoring wasting

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