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Competition between Coral and Algae in Tertiary and Quaternary Reefs: Greenhouse to Icehouse Transitions

Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 94-107页

作者： Belkasim Khameiss Richard Fluegeman William Hoyt shawn malone Ahmed Muftah Kansas Geological Survey Lawrence USA Department of Earth Sciences University of Benghazi Faculty of Science Benghazi Libya Department of Environment Geology and Natural Resources Ball State University Muncie USA Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley USA Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin—Green Bay Green Bay USA

The competition between coral and algae in marine reefs is pervasive through geologic time;that competition determines the structure and composition of reef communities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the relationships between coral and calcareous algae in reefs are poorly understood. To study this relationship, several hand samples and thin sections were examined from nine different foralgal reef localities around the world. Foralgal reefs typically extend from about 20 m depth or shallower on the seaward side of the reef. The first section is Salt Mountain, Alabama, which preserves a Paleocene reef. It contains a high percentage of red coralline algae with benthic foraminifera. The second section is IDOP-U1376, IIA Limestone, it is Middle Eocene, in the form of an isolated reef sandwiched between two igneous beds. The third section is the Utoe’ Limestone, New Caledonia, it is Middle Eocene in age and is composed mainly of grain-boundstone units with some igneous interlayered. The fourth section is the Darnah Formation in the West-Darnah roadcut section, Northeast Libya, it is Middle Eocene in age, it is composed of highly fossiliferous limestone (corals, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and bryozoans). The fifth section, the Al Bayda Formation (Algal Limestone Member) in Northeast Libya, is in the Drayanah—Al Abyar roadcut, Northeast Libya, it has several species of algae but also includes a high percentage of buildups of coral species. The sixth section is the Oligo-Miocene Al Faidiyah Formation (Al Fatayah Cement Quarry) limestone unit in Northeast Libya. The seventh section is (Core-core 20) late-early to middle Miocene Limestone Unit-Cicuco Field, NW Colombia. The eighth section is the Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry, in Northeast Libya, it is fossiliferous limestone, consisting of coral, algae, mollusks, and echinoids. The ninth and tenth sections are Quaternary reefs in the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, respec

关键词： Utoe’ Limestone New Caledonia Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry Is IDOP-U1376 IIA Limestone It Is Middle Eocene

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On the cratonization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Constraints from gneissic granitoids in south Eastern Desert, Egypt

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第4期12卷 215-243页

作者： Ali A.Khudeir Jean-Louis Paquette Kirsten Nicholson Åke Johansson Tyrone O.Rooney Sadiq Hamid Mohamed A.El-Fadly Loretta Corcoran shawn J.malone Mohamed Ali Abu El-Rus Geology Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut University71516Egypt UniversitéClermont Auvergne CNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansF-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Ball-State University Department of EnvironmentGeology and Natural Resources117 Fine Art BuildingMuncieIN 47306USA Department of Geosciences Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryBox 50007SE-10405 StockholmSweden Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michigan-State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Notre Dame University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences156 Fitzpatrick HallNotre DameIN 46556USA

The Shaitian granite complex(SGC)spans more than 80 Ma of crustal growth in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in southeast *** is a voluminous composite intrusion(60 km2)comprising a host tonalite massif intruded by subordinate dyke-like masses of trondhjemite,granodiorite and *** host tonalite,in turn,encloses several,fine-grained amphibolite enclaves.U-Pb zircon dating indicates a wide range of crystallization ages within the SGC(800±18Ma for tonalites;754±3.9 Ma for trondhjemite;738±3.8 Ma for granodiorite;and 717±3.2 Ma for monzogranite),suggesting crystallization of independent magma *** high positiveεNdi(+6–+8)indicate that the melting sources were dominated by juvenile material without any significant input from older *** of zircon saturation geothermometry indicates increasing temperatures during the generation of melts from 745±31℃ for tonalite to 810±25℃ for trondhjemite;840±10℃ for granodiorite;and 868±10℃ for *** pressure of partial melting is loosely constrained to be below the stability of residual garnet(3 kbar for the stability of residual amphibole as inferred from the significantly lower NbN and TaN compared with LREEN and the sub-chondrite Nb/Ta ratios exhibited by the granitic *** inverse relation between the generation temperatures and the ages estimates of the granitoid lithologies argue against a significant role of fractional *** major and trace element contents indicate the emplacement of the SGC within a subduction zone *** lacks distinctive features for melt derived from a subducted slab(*** Sr/Y and high(La/Yb)N ratios),and the relatively low MgO and Ni contents in all granite phases within the SGC suggest melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a *** melts produced during melting experiments indicates an amphibolite of basaltic composition is th

关键词： Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS) Cratonization Fractional crystallization Partial melting Subduction zones Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)

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Using microglia-derived extracellular vesicles to capture diversity of microglial activation phenotypes following neurological injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn D.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and *** microglia are unique among brain cells due to their hematologic origin and perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD shawn P.BROWN Allison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure

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Connecting cellular mechanisms and extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn D.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang D.Wu shawn N.Whitehead Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada Deparment of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing candidates for a liquid biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowledge from animal and in vitro models to help infer what these changes may indicate regrading cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for distinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood-brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury

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Efficacy of laparoscopic low anterior resection for colorectal cancer patients with 3D-vascular reconstruction for left coronary artery preservation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1548-1557页

作者： Ye Wang Zhi-Sheng Liu Zong-Bao Wang shawn Liu Feng-Bo Sun Department of General Surgery Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University(Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)Qingdao 266033Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery National University Hospital of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic low anterior resection(LLAR)has become a mainstream surgical method for the treatment of colorectal cancer,which has shown many advantages in the aspects of surgical trauma and postoperative ***,the effect of surgery on patients'left coronary artery and its vascular reconstruction have not been deeply *** the development of medical imaging technology,3D vascular reconstruction has become an effective means to evaluate the curative effect of *** To investigate the clinical value of preoperative 3D vascular reconstruction in LLAR of rectal cancer with the left colic artery(LCA)*** A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 146 patients who underwent LLAR for rectal cancer with LCA preservation from January to December 2023 in our *** patients underwent LLAR of rectal cancer with the LCA preserved,and the intraoperative and postoperative data were *** patients were divided into a reconstruction group(72 patients)and a nonreconstruction group(74 patients)according to whether 3D vascular reconstruction was performed before *** clinical features,operation conditions,complications,pathological results and postoperative recovery of the two groups were collected and *** A total of 146 patients with rectal cancer were included in the study,including 72 patients in the reconstruction group and 74 patients in the nonreconstruction *** were 47 males and 25 females in the reconstruction group,aged(59.75±6.2)years,with a body mass index(BMI)(24.1±2.2)kg/m^(2),and 51 males and 23 females in the nonreconstruction group,aged(58.77±6.1)years,with a BMI(23.6±2.7)kg/m^(2).There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05).In the submesenteric artery reconstruction group,35 patients were type Ⅰ,25 patients were type Ⅱ,11 patients were type Ⅲ,and 1 patient was type Ⅳ.There were 37 type Ⅰ patients,24

关键词： Laparoscopic low anterior resection 3D vascular reconstruction Coronary artery Colorectal cancer Retrospective cohort study

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Multiplicity dependence of the freezeout parameters in high energy hadron-hadron collisions

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 124-133页

作者： Muhammad Ajaz Majid Shehzad Muhammad Waqas Haifa I.Alrebdi Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad Antalov Jagnandan shawn Jagnandan Murad Badshah Jalal Hasan Baker Abdul Mosawir Quraishi Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan School of Mathematics Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringHubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China Department of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Physics and StatisticsFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Guyana101110 GeorgetownGuyananSouth America Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia

We examined the transverse momentum(pT)spectra of various identified particles,encompassing both light-flavored and strange hadrons(π++π−,K++K−,p+p¯,ϕ,K0s,Λ+Λ¯,Ξ−+Ξ¯+,andΩ−+Ω¯+),across different multiplicity classes in proton-proton collisions(p-p)at a center-of-mass energy of s√=7 *** the Tsallis and Hagedorn models,parameters relevant to the bulk properties of nuclear matter were *** models exhibit good agreement with experimental *** our analyses,we observed a consistent decrease in the effective temperature(T)for the Tsallis model and the kinetic or thermal freeze-out temperature(T0)for the Hagedorn model,as we transitioned from higher multiplicity(class-I)to lower multiplicity(class-X).This trend is attributed to the diminished energy transfer in higher multiplicity ***,we observed that the transverse flow velocity(βT)experiences a decline from class-I to *** normalization constant,which represents the multiplicity of produced particles,was observed to decrease as we moved toward higher multiplicity *** the effective and kinetic freeze-out temperatures,as well as the transverse flow velocity,show a mild dependency on multiplicity for lighter particles,this dependency becomes more pronounced for heavier *** multiplicity parameter for heavier particles was observed to be smaller than that of lighter particles,indicating a greater abundance of lighter hadrons compared to heavier *** particle species were observed to undergo decoupling from the fireball at distinct temperatures:lighter particles exhibit lower temperatures,while heavier ones show higher temperatures,thereby supporting the concept of multiple freeze-out ***,we identified a positive correlation between the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity,a scenario where particles experience stronger collective motion at a higher freeze-out *** reason for this positive correlation is th

关键词： multiplicity dependence collective properties thermal energy

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地缘政治便全球风险升级

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第7期 6-8页

作者： shawn Donnan 易语(译) 不详

全球经济或已躲过衰退厄运,但是战争和经济民族主义正在让许多国家的情况变得更糟。2024年迄今为止,世界经济所呈现出的,是一种软着陆日益有望的向好势头。然而不幸的是,这个世界同样也正在变得日益危险、日益分裂、日益债务泛滥和日益... 详细信息

全球经济或已躲过衰退厄运,但是战争和经济民族主义正在让许多国家的情况变得更糟。2024年迄今为止,世界经济所呈现出的,是一种软着陆日益有望的向好势头。然而不幸的是,这个世界同样也正在变得日益危险、日益分裂、日益债务泛滥和日益不平等。短期乐观的原因很简单。弹性十足的美国经济打破了美联储接连加息会使经济陷入衰退的预期。

关键词：经济民族主义地缘政治加息美联储风险升级软着陆债务衰退

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被拜登遗忘的美国铁锈带

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第6期 26-30页

作者： shawn Donnan with Mark Niquette 汪泽(译) 不详

就业人数大幅减少,拜登制造业复兴政策略过了美国铁锈带的摇摆州在密尔沃基的Master Lock Co.工厂,仅仅十年前,工人们每年的薪水至少达到10万美元,他们制造的挂锁确保了美国学校仓库和后院小屋的安全。然而现在,这座工厂显示出了美国总... 详细信息

就业人数大幅减少,拜登制造业复兴政策略过了美国铁锈带的摇摆州在密尔沃基的Master Lock Co.工厂,仅仅十年前,工人们每年的薪水至少达到10万美元,他们制造的挂锁确保了美国学校仓库和后院小屋的安全。然而现在,这座工厂显示出了美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)竞选连任的经济宣传的一个弱点。

关键词：密尔沃基就业人数制造业复兴铁锈薪水

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Metabolic recruitment of spinal locomotion:intracellular neuromodulation by trace amines and their receptors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第12期10卷 1940-1942页

作者： shawn Hochman Department of Physiology Department Emory University

The trace amines（TAs）are a family of endogenous amines with structural,metabolic,physiological and pharmacological similarities to classical monoamine *** TA family includes tyramine,octopamine,β-phenylethylamine（... 详细信息

关键词： TA Metabolic recruitment of spinal locomotion Figure

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