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Assessment of tree diversity and above-ground biomass in coffee agroforest dominated tropical landscape of India's Central Western Ghats

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 1005-1015页

作者： Guddappa M.Devagiri Anil Kumar Khaple Hosuru b.Anithraj Cheppudira G.Kushalappa Amaresh Kumar Krishnappa shashi b.ushan mishra College of Forestry University of Agricultural and Horticultural SciencesShivamoggaPonnampetKodaguKaranataka 571216India

The purpose of this study was to quantify the changes in tree diversity and above-ground biomass associated with six land-use types in Kodagu district of India's Western Ghats. We collected data on species richness,composition and above-ground biomass(AGb) of trees,shrubs and herbs from 96 sample plots of 0.1 ha. Totals of83 species from 26 families were recorded across the landuses. Tree species richness, diversity and composition were significantly higher in evergreen forest(EGF) than in other land-uses. Similarly, stem density and basal area were greater in EGF compared to other land-uses. Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) yielded three distinct groups along the land-use intensities and rainfall gradient on the first and second axes, respectively. The first DCA axis accounted for 45% and second axis for 35% of the total variation in species composition. Together the first two axes accounted for over 2/3 of the variation in species composition across land-use types. Across the land-uses,AGb ranged from 58.6 Mg ha-1 in rubber plantation to327.3 Mg ha-1 in evergreen forest. Our results showed that species diversity and AGb were negatively impacted bythe land-use changes. We found that coffee agroforests resembled natural forest and mixed species plantation in terms of tree diversity and biomass production, suggesting that traditional coffee farms can help to protect tree species, sustain smallholder production and offer opportunities for conservation of biodiversity and climate change mitigation.

关键词： Western Ghats Coffee agroforest Land-use changes Diversity Above-ground biomass Carbon

Histochemical pattern of gastrocnemius muscle in fluoride toxicity syndrome

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第2期3卷 136-140页

作者： shashi A b.ushan b bhardwaj M Department of Zoology Punjabi University

Objective:To evaluate the effect of sodium fluoride(NaF) on cytochemical distribution of proteins,DNA,and RNA in the gastrocnemius muscle of rat in experimental ***: Young Sprague Dawley albino rats were administered with NaF at 30,45,and 75 mg/kg bw/ day subcutaneously for 15 and 30 days,*** control animals were given the vehicle(1cc deionized double distilled water/kg bw/day).Results:In the first phase of 15 days experimentation,the gastrocnemius muscle of rats intoxicated with NaF at 30,45,and 75 mg /kg bw/ day showed decline in proteins including a amino acids as compared to control. In the second phase of 30 days experimentation,the muscle fibers of rat showed elevation in sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic proteins in 30 mg NaF dose group,and angulated fibers exhibited increase in sarcolemmal proteins in 45 mg NaF *** marginal regions of angular and rim fibers showed deeply stained rings of sarcoplasmic proteins whereas the split fibers were faindy stained in rats treated with NaF at 75 mg/kg bw/day for 30 *** rats treated with NaF at 30 mg/kg bw/day for 15 days,the hypertrophied peripheral muscle fibers contained more DNA,however the atrophied fibers had more *** 45 mg NaF group,RNA was located in sarcolemmal regions,while DNA content decreased as compared to *** 75 mg NaF group,the muscle fibers had dark and light staining regions of DNA and *** the 30 days of experimentation,the DNA level decreased whereas RNA content increased in the gastrocnemius muscle fibers of the rat treated with NaF at 30 mg/kg bw/*** treatment group with NaF at 45 mg/kg bw/day,the RNA content slighdy declined in comparison to control,in all treatments for 15 days as well as in treatment group with NaF at 30 mg/kg bw/day for 30 days whereas the amount of DNA slightly increased as compared to treatment group with NaF at 75 mg/kg bw/day for 15 *** highest dose group revealed elevated amount of RNA whereas DNA content remained stable.C

关键词： Albino rats DNA Gastrocnemius muscle Proteins RNA Sodium fluoride

Andrographolide inhibits chikungunya virus infection by up-regulating host innate immune pathways

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第3期11卷 214-221页

作者： Swati Gupta Kamla Prasad mishra Paban Kumar Dash Manmohan Parida Lilly Ganju shashi bala Singh Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences Defence Research and Development Establishment

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolide, a plant derived compound, against chikungunya virus(CHIKV) infection. Methods: Using flow cytometry and immunoblotting assay, in vitro viral protein expression was studied in THP-1 cells line. In balb/c mouse neonates, viral RNA copy number was determined by real time PCR. Results:The results showed reduced CHIKV protein expression on andrographolide treatment in CHIKV-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Vero cells and THP-I cell *** vivo, andrographolide treatment to CHIKV-infected neonates reduced viral RNA copy number. Further. andrographolide also increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Andrographolide also activated host innate immune pathways, viz., protein kinase *** eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α, retinoic acid inducible gene-Ⅰ and interferon regulatory factor 3/7, thereby increasing IFN-a secretion. CHIKV-induced nuclear factor κlight chain enhancer of activated b cells and tumor necrosis factor-a was also reduced on andrographolide treatment. Conclusion: Andrographolide inhibits CHIKV by suppressing viral protein expression and up-regulating host innate immunity and hence could be an effective therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection.

关键词： Chikungunya virus Andrographolide Interferon α Protein kinase R Retinoic acid inducible gene-I Tumor necrosis factor α

Transient peristaltic diffusion of nanofluids: A model of micropumps in medical engineering

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第6期30卷 1001-1011页

作者： Dharmendra Tripathi shashi b.ushan O.Anwar bég Noreen Sher Akbar Department of Science and Humanities National Institute of TechnologyUttarakhand–246174 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Manipal University Department of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering University of Salford DbS & H CEME National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad Pakistan

Peristaltic micro-pumps offer an excellent mechanism for delivery of a variety of medicines including drugs, corneal solutions etc. The surge in deployment of nanoparticles in medicine has provided new potential for such pumps. In light of this we investigate the time-dependent peristaltic flow of nanofluids with diffusive effects through a finite non-uniform channel, this geometry being more representative of real micro-pumps. Creeping flow is taken into account(inertial forces are small compared with viscous forces) i.e., Reynolds number is low(Rebe very large. The buongiorno formulation for nanofluids is employed with an Oberbeck-boussinesq approximation. Closed-form solutions are developed for the non-dimensional governing equations subject to physically realistic boundary conditions. Mathematica symbolic software is employed to evaluate the evolution of nanoparticle fraction, temperature, axial velocity, transverse velocity and pressure difference distribution along the length of the pump channel with variation in thermal Grashof number, basic-density(species i.e., mass) Grashof number, brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter.

关键词： Unsteady flow peristaltic pumps nanofluids medical engineering diffusive process grashof number thermophoresis

Analytical approach to entropy generation and heat transfer in CNT-nanofluid dynamics through a ciliated porous medium

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第2期30卷 296-306页

作者： Noreen Sher Akbar M.Shoaib Dharmendra Tripathi shashi b.ushan O.Anwar bég DbS&H CEME National University of Sciences and Technology School of Natural Sciences National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Manipal University Medical Energy and Propulsion Engineering Sciences Department of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering University of Salford

The transportation of biological and industrial nanofluids by natural propulsion like cilia movement and self-generated contraction-relaxation of flexible walls has significant applications in numerous emerging technologies. Inspired by multi-disciplinary progress and innovation in this direction, a thermo-fluid mechanical model is proposed to study the entropy generation and convective heat transfer of nanofluids fabricated by the dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes（SWCNT） nanoparticles in water as the base fluid. The regime studied comprises heat transfer and steady, viscous, incompressible flow, induced by metachronal wave propulsion due to beating cilia, through a cylindrical tube containing a sparse（i.e., high permeability） homogenous porous medium. The flow is of the creeping type and is restricted under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. Slip effects at the wall are incorporated and the generalized Darcy drag-force model is utilized to mimic porous media effects. Cilia boundary conditions for velocity components are employed to determine analytical solutions to the resulting non-dimensionalized boundary value problem. The influence of pertinent physical parameters on temperature, axial velocity, pressure rise and pressure gradient, entropy generation function, bejan number and stream-line distributions are computed numerically. A comparative study between SWCNT-nanofluids and pure water is also computed. The computations demonstrate that axial flow is accelerated with increasing slip parameter and Darcy number and is greater for SWCNT-nanofluids than for pure water. Furthermore the size of the bolus for SWCNT-nanofluids is larger than that of the pure water. The study is applicable in designing and fabricating nanoscale and microfluidics devices, artificial cilia and biomimetic micro-pumps.

关键词： Metachronal wave single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) entropy generation porous medium cilia motion heat transfer bejan number

Emerging role of microRNAs in liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第45期15卷 5633-5640页

作者： shashi bala Miguel Marcos Gyongyi Szabo Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School WorcesterMA 01605 United States

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are found in plants, animals, and some viruses. They modulate the gene function at the post-transcriptional level and act as a fine tuner of various processes, such as development, proliferation, cell signaling, and apopto-sis. They are associated with different types and stages of cancer. Recent studies have shown the involvement of microRNAs in liver diseases caused by various factors, such as Hepatitis C, Hepatitis b, metabolic disorders, and by drug abuse. This review highlights the role of microRNAs in liver diseases and their potential use as therapeutic molecules.

关键词： MicroRNA Hepatitis Fatty liver Fibrosis Cirrhosis

Design and simulation of nanoscale double-gate TFET/tunnel CNTFET

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第4期39卷 34-38页

作者： shashi bala Mamta Khosla Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering Dr B R Ambedkar Natrional Institute of Technology Jalandhar-144011 India

A double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor （DG tunnel FET） has been designed and investigated for various channel materials such as silicon （Si）, gallium arsenide （GaAs）, alminium gallium arsenide （A1xGa1-xAs） and CNT using a nano ViDES Device and TCAD SILVACO ATLAS simulator. The proposed devices are com- pared on the basis of inverse subthreshold slope （SS）, ION/IoFF current ratio and leakage current. Using Si as the channel material limits the property to reduce leakage current with scaling of channel, whereas the A1xGa1-xAs based DG tunnel FET provides a better ION/IOFF current ratio （2.51 × 10^6） as compared to other devices keeping the leakage current within permissible limits. The performed silmulation of the CNT based channel in the double-gate tunnel field-effect transistor using the nano ViDES shows better performace for a sub-threshold slope of 29.4 mV/dec as the channel is scaled down. The proposed work shows the potential of the CNT channel based DG tunnel FET as a futuristic device for better switching and high retention time, which makes it suitable for memory based circuits.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling (bTbT) double gate (DG) silicon (Si) gallium arsenide (GaAs) aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1 xAs) tunnel field effect transistor (FET) carbon nanotube (CNT)

喜马拉雅前陆盆地中新世—上新世 SIWALIK-CHURIA群轮藻化石及其古生物地理和古生态意义(英文)

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微体古生物学报 2003年第2期20卷 150-155页

作者： shashi b bHATIA 印度哈里亚纳邦Panchkula-134109 六区441号

印度、尼泊尔晚中新世—上新世 SIWAL IK- CHU RIA群轮藻化石组合与中国塔里木盆地及哈萨克斯坦东南部伊犁盆地轮藻组合极为接近。据此讨论了它们的古生物地理和古生态学特征。中新世—上新世轮藻植物繁盛的原因与当时季风活动引起的季... 详细信息

印度、尼泊尔晚中新世—上新世 SIWAL IK- CHU RIA群轮藻化石组合与中国塔里木盆地及哈萨克斯坦东南部伊犁盆地轮藻组合极为接近。据此讨论了它们的古生物地理和古生态学特征。中新世—上新世轮藻植物繁盛的原因与当时季风活动引起的季节性洪水泛滥 ,在广大河漫滩地上形成有利于轮藻植物生长发育的局部湖泊环境有关。

关键词：轮藻化石 Siwalik/Churia群新近纪古地理古生态喜马拉雅地区

Ecological variables influencing the diversity and distribution of macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora in Uttarakhand forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 307-318页

作者： shashi UPADHYAY Arun K.JUGRAN Yogesh JOSHI Renu SUYAL Ranbeer S.RAWAL Lichenology laboratory S.S.J.Campus Kumaun University biodiversity Conservation & Management Ecosystem Services and Climate Change Group G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development G.b.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development Garhwal Unit

Ecological variables play a significant role in determining the diversity and distribution of any living organism on earth. Lichens are not exceptional and are quite sensitive in comparison to other organisms; hence the present study focuses on the impact of ecological variables on the diversity and distribution of epiphytic macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora across eight different sites(50 m × 50 m) in Thal Ke Dhar forest, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. For sampling of macrolichens, 200 trees(25 trees from each site) of *** were selected from each site and five quadrats of 5 cm × 10 cm(1000 quadrats in totality) were drawn at the tree trunk. From all the sampled trees, a total of 54 species of epiphytic macrolichens belonging to 18 genera and five families were recorded. Various ecological variables, namely altitude, aspect, slope, diameter at breast height(DbH), and lopping percent(partial cutting of the twigs as disturbance), were also analyzed to investigate their influence on macrolichen species composition and distribution pattern in the study area. For the determination of relationships between these variables, statistical analysis, namely Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Polynomial regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were performed. Out of all variables, lopping was significantly correlated to species richness of epiphytic macrolichens(0.712~*, pby Pearson's Correlation *** of having high anthropogenic pressure or impact through lopping, the maximum number of macrolichen species was recorded at elevation 2267 meter above sea level(m asl). The present study revealed that besides other ecological variables,lopping practices can act as a key parameter incontrolling the diversity and distribution not only of epiphytic macrolichens but also of other life forms such as bryophytes, pteridophytes, insects, birds *** can be either negatively or positively correla

关键词： Conservation Epiphytic macrolichens Kumaun Himalaya Lopping Quercus banj oak