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Intracranial pressure monitoring:Gold standard and recent innovations

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第13期7卷 1535-1553页

作者： Deb Sanjay Nag Seelora Sahu Amlan Swain shashi Kant Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Tata Main Hospital

Intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) is based on the doctrine proposed by Monroe and Kellie centuries ago. With the advancement of technology and science, various invasive and non-invasive modalities of monitoring ICP continue to be developed. An ideal monitor to track ICP should be easy to use, accurate, reliable, reproducible, inexpensive and should not be associated with infection or haemorrhagic complications. Although the transducers connected to the extra ventricular drainage continue to be Gold Standard, its association with the likelihood of infection and haemorrhage have led to the search for alternate noninvasive methods of monitoring ICP. While Camino transducers, Strain gauge micro transducer based ICP monitoring devices and the Spiegelberg ICP monitor are the emerging technology in invasive ICP monitoring, optic nerve sheath diameter measurement, venous opthalmodynamometry, tympanic membrane displacement, tissue resonance analysis, tonometry, acoustoelasticity, distortionproduct oto-acoustic emissions, trans cranial doppler, electro encephalogram, near infra-red spectroscopy, pupillometry, anterior fontanelle pressure monitoring, skull elasticity, jugular bulb monitoring, visual evoked response and radiological based assessment of ICP are the non-invasive methods which are assessed against the gold standard.

关键词： Intracranial pressure increase Craniocerebral trauma Subarachnoid hemorrhages

Comparative Analysis of Splice Site Regions by Information Content

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2006年第4期4卷 230-237页

作者： T.shashi Rekha Chanchal K.Mitra Department of Biochemistry University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046India.

We have applied concepts from information theory for a comparative analysis of donor （gt） and acceptor （ag） splice site regions in the genes of five different organisms by calculating their mutual information content （relative entropy） over a selected block of nucleotides. A similar pattern that the information content decreases as the block size increases was observed for both regions in all the organisms studied. This result suggests that the information required for splicing might be contained in the consensus of -6-8 nt at both regions. We assume from our study that even though the nucleotides are showing some degrees of conservation in the flanking regions of the splice sites, certain level of variability is still tolerated, which leads the splicing process to occur normally even if the extent of base pairing is not fully satisfied. We also suggest that this variability can be compensated by recognizing different splice sites with different spliceosomal factors.

关键词： splice site substitution matrix mutual information content relative entropy

Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease:a matched case-control study

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第4期8卷 306-311,I0002页

作者： Preeti shashi Dharmesh Gopalakrishnan Malav P.Parikh Bo Shen Gursimran Kochhar Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Digestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteThe Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA Department of Internal Medicine The Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA Department of Gastroenterology Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPAUSA

Background:Vedolizumab was demonstrated to be safe and effective in adults with moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in clinical ***,there are limited data regarding its efficacy and safety in elderly ***:This was a case-control study comparing the efficacy(measured by rates of mucosal healing and need for IBD surgery)and safety of vedolizumab in IBD among patients65 years of age(the elderly group)vs those0.05).Conclusions:In a real-world setting,vedolizumab was demonstrated to have an efficacy and safety profile among elderly IBD patients that were comparable to younger controls.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease vedolizumab elderly patients mucosal healing safety

Ecological variables influencing the diversity and distribution of macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora in Uttarakhand forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 307-318页

作者： shashi UPADHYAY Arun K.JUGRAN Yogesh JOSHI Renu SUYAL Ranbeer S.RAWAL Lichenology laboratory S.S.J.Campus Kumaun University Biodiversity Conservation & Management Ecosystem Services and Climate Change Group G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development Garhwal Unit

Ecological variables play a significant role in determining the diversity and distribution of any living organism on earth. Lichens are not exceptional and are quite sensitive in comparison to other organisms; hence the present study focuses on the impact of ecological variables on the diversity and distribution of epiphytic macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora across eight different sites(50 m × 50 m) in Thal Ke Dhar forest, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. For sampling of macrolichens, 200 trees(25 trees from each site) of *** were selected from each site and five quadrats of 5 cm × 10 cm(1000 quadrats in totality) were drawn at the tree trunk. From all the sampled trees, a total of 54 species of epiphytic macrolichens belonging to 18 genera and five families were recorded. Various ecological variables, namely altitude, aspect, slope, diameter at breast height(DBH), and lopping percent(partial cutting of the twigs as disturbance), were also analyzed to investigate their influence on macrolichen species composition and distribution pattern in the study area. For the determination of relationships between these variables, statistical analysis, namely Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Polynomial regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were performed. Out of all variables, lopping was significantly correlated to species richness of epiphytic macrolichens(0.712~*, p<0.05) and it was confirmed by Pearson's Correlation *** of having high anthropogenic pressure or impact through lopping, the maximum number of macrolichen species was recorded at elevation 2267 meter above sea level(m asl). The present study revealed that besides other ecological variables,lopping practices can act as a key parameter incontrolling the diversity and distribution not only of epiphytic macrolichens but also of other life forms such as bryophytes, pteridophytes, insects, birds *** can be either negatively or positively correla

关键词： Conservation Epiphytic macrolichens Kumaun Himalaya Lopping Quercus Banj oak

Performance of Non-invasive Blood Parameters for Ruling Out Significant Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第2期8卷 143-149页

作者： Shivam Khare Anil Arora Praveen Sharma shashi Dhawan Naresh Bansal Vikas Singla Ashish Kumar Institute of Liver Gastroenterology&Pancreatico-Biliary SciencesSir Ganga Ram HospitalNew DelhiIndia Department of Histopathology Sir Ganga Ram HospitalNew DelhiIndia

Background and Aims:Evaluation of significant liver fibro-sis is important for treatment decision and treatment re-sponse evaluation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Since liver biopsy is invasive and transient elastography (TE) has limited availability, various non-invasive blood parameters need evaluation for their capabilities for detection of signifi-cant fibrosis. Methods:In this retrospective study, records of patients who had undergone liver biopsy for treatment-na?ve chronic hepatitis B were evaluated to obtain various non-in-vasive blood parameters (aspartate aminotransferase-to-pla-telet ratio index [referred to as APRI], Fibrosis-4 score [referred to as FIB-4], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio [referred to as GPR], and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-albumin ratio [referred to as GAR]), in ad-dition to TE, to assess significant liver fibrosis and compare these to fibrosis stage in liver biopsy. Results:A total of 113 patients were included in the study (median age 33 [inter-quartile range: 11-82 years], 74% males). Most (75%) pa-tients were HBeAg-negative. The liver biopsy revealed significant fibrosis (Ishak ≥3) in 13% of the patients and nil or mild fibrosis (Ishak<3) in 87%of the patients. TE findings were available for 85 patients, APRI and FIB-4 for 95 patients, GPR for 79 patients, and GAR for 78 patients. The median values of all the parameters were significantly higher in pa-tients with significant fibrosis, as compared to patients with non-significant fibrosis, and all the blood parameters as well as TE were able to identify patients with significant fibrosis significantly well (p<0.05). All non-invasive parameters had low positive predictive value but negative predictive value above 92%. Compared to TE, all the non-invasive blood pa-rameters had similar area under the curve for detecting sig-nificant fibrosis, with excellent negative predictive value (≥93%). Conclusions: Non-invasive blood parameters (APRI, FIB-4, GPR, and G

关键词： Hepatitis B Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis Transient elastography APRI FIB-4 GPR GAR

Research on Prediction Model of Bending Force Based on BP Neural Network with LM Algorithm

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Research on Prediction Model of Bending Force Based on BP Ne...

Andrographolide inhibits chikungunya virus infection by up-regulating host innate immune pathways

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作者： Xiaohua Li shashi Liu Hui Li Jing Wang Tao Zhang School of Electrons and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355339

Hydraulic bending roller is a most basic and important method for shape control of strip. The rolled shape quality is decided by the setting value of bending farce in great part. This paper chooses five-stand hot tandem rolling mill in 1810 product line of Tangshan Iron and Steel Company as background, and deals primarily with the study of the bending force prediction model of the rolling unit. To counter the imperfection of traditional prediction model and according to feature of hot strip mill, the various factors influencing bending farce are analyzed, and a bending farce prediction model based on BP neural network with LM algorithm is set up. The training and testing simulation for the neural network is done by using the actual production data of hot rolled steel SS400. By means of the analysis toward simulation results, it is shown that the neural network prediction model for bending force has not only a fast convergence speed, but also a high prediction accuracy to meet actual production request. The research provides a direction and foundation for the setting of practical bending force of 1810 hot rolling line.

关键词： Bending force prediction model BP neural network LM algorithm

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第3期11卷 214-221页

作者： Swati Gupta Kamla Prasad Mishra Paban Kumar Dash Manmohan Parida Lilly Ganju shashi Bala Singh Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences Defence Research and Development Establishment

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolide, a plant derived compound, against chikungunya virus(CHIKV) infection. Methods: Using flow cytometry and immunoblotting assay, in vitro viral protein expression was studied in THP-1 cells line. In Balb/c mouse neonates, viral RNA copy number was determined by real time PCR. Results:The results showed reduced CHIKV protein expression on andrographolide treatment in CHIKV-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Vero cells and THP-I cell *** vivo, andrographolide treatment to CHIKV-infected neonates reduced viral RNA copy number. Further. andrographolide also increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Andrographolide also activated host innate immune pathways, viz., protein kinase *** eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α, retinoic acid inducible gene-Ⅰ and interferon regulatory factor 3/7, thereby increasing IFN-a secretion. CHIKV-induced nuclear factor κlight chain enhancer of activated B cells and tumor necrosis factor-a was also reduced on andrographolide treatment. Conclusion: Andrographolide inhibits CHIKV by suppressing viral protein expression and up-regulating host innate immunity and hence could be an effective therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection.

关键词： Chikungunya virus Andrographolide Interferon α Protein kinase R Retinoic acid inducible gene-I Tumor necrosis factor α

Phenotypic and molecular diversity-based prediction of heterosis in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum L.(R.)Br.)

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 271-281页

作者： shashi Kumar Gupta Thirunavukkarasu Nepolean Chinna Ghouse Shaikh Kedarnath Rai Charles Thomas Hash Roma Rani Das Abhishek Rathore International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) Patancheru 502 324India Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) New Delhi 110012India International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) Niamey BP 12404Niger

Genetic distances between hybrid parents based on phenotypic traits and molecular markers were investigated to assess their relationship with heterosis for grain and stover yield and other traits in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.). Fifty-one hybrids developed using 101 hybrid parents(B and R lines) and showing a wide range of genetic distance between their parents based on eight phenotypic traits and 28–38 SSRs were evaluated in two sets for two seasons. The correlation between Euclidean distance(phenotypic distance, ED) and simple matching distance(molecular distance, SM) for parents of both sets was low but positive and significant(r = 0.2, P < 0.001).The correlation of ED in parents with better-parent heterosis for grain yield was similar in both sets(r =0.38, P < 0.05). SM was not correlated with heterosis for grain yield in either set of *** results showed that phenotypic distance could be a better predictor of heterosis than molecular distance. The correlation between phenotypic distance and heterosis was not strong enough to permit the use of phenotypic diversity among parents as a major selection criterion for selection of parental lines displaying high levels of heterosis for grain and stover yield in pearl millet.

关键词： Hybrid parents Agronomic traits Euclidean distance Molecular markers Simple matching distance

Revisiting the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第6期20卷 600-612页

作者： Annu Devi Isha Pahuja shashi Prakash Singh Akanksha Verma Debapriya Bhattacharya Ashima Bhaskar Ved Prakash Dwivedi Gobardhan Das Special Centre for Molecular Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia Immunobiology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New DelhiIndia Department of Molecular Medicine Jamia Hamdard UniversityNew DelhiIndia Centre for Biotechnology Siksha O Anusandhan UniversityBhubneshwarOdishaIndia

Mesenchymal stem cells(MsCs)play diverse roles ranging from regeneration and wound healing to immune *** investigations have indicated the crucial role of these multipotent stem cells in regulating various aspects of the immune *** express unique signaling molecules and secrete various soluble factors that play critical roles in modulating and shaping immune responses,and in some other cases,MSCs can also exert direct antimicrobial effects,thereby helping with the eradication of invading ***,it has been demonstrated that MSCs are recruited at the periphery of the granuloma containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and exert"Janus"-like functions by harboring pathogens and mediating host protective immune *** leads to the establishment of a dynamic balance between the host and the *** function through various immunomodulatory factors such as nitric oxide(NO),IDO,and immunosuppressive ***,our group has shown that *** uses MSCs as a niche to evade host protective immune surveillance mechanisms and establish *** also express a large number of ABC efflux pumps;therefore,dormant *** residing in MSCs are exposed to a suboptimal dose of ***,it is highly likely that drug resistance is coupled with dormancy and originates within *** this review,we discussed various immunomodulatory properties of MsCs,their interactions with important immune cells,and soluble *** also discussed the possible roles of MsCs in the outcome of multiple infections and in shaping the immune system,which may provide insight into therapeutic approaches using these cells in different infection models.

关键词： Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MsCs) Macrophages Tuberculosis Infectious Diseases T cells Immunomodulation Immunotherapy.