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Natural history of children with mild Crohn’s disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4235-4245页

作者： Yamini sharma Athos Bousvaros Enju Liu Julia Bender Stern Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Boston Children’s Hospital

BACkGROUND There is a small and poorly studied population of patients with mild and limited Crohn’s disease(CD),who either spontaneously enter remission and can discontinue therapy,or be maintained on milder anti-inflammatory *** To identify a group of children with mild CD who were not escalated to immunomodulators(azathioprine,mercaptopurine,or methotrexate)or biologics(infliximab or adalimumab)within the first two years after their Crohn’s diagnosis and outline the natural history and phenotypic features of these *** In a retrospective chart review of the inflammatory bowel disease database at Boston Children’s Hospital we reviewed all the mild CD patient’s clinic visits,laboratory studies,and procedures for the duration of time they were followed at the *** were included if they had clear diagnosis of Crohn’s disease,and they were not escalated to immunosuppressive therapies for at least 2 years after the date of *** mild CD patients were compared to controls diagnosed at a similar time,that were treated with immunomodulators or *** that was abstracted included:Age at diagnosis,sex,disease location utilizing the Paris classification,medical treatment,surgical treatment,endoscopic findings,histology,and *** also analyzed differences in the phenotypic features between those with mild CD and those with moderate to severe *** Out of 1205 patients with CD diagnosed between 1990 and 2013,we identified 29 patients that met the inclusion criteria,and they were matched with 58 *** were no significant differences between the disease behaviors at presentation,with approximately 90%of patients in each group having inflammatory ***,patients with mild disease were more likely to have disease limited to the colon(31%vs 12%,P=0.03).In contrast,patients with moderate to severe disease(aka control group)were more likely to have ileocolonic disease(70%vs 45%in the mild grou

关键词： Crohn’s disease Colitis Aminosalicylates Antibiotics Immunosuppression Inflammatory bowel disease Child Pediatric

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Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第10期37卷 68-74页

作者： Hari Shanker Gupta A S kiran kumar M.Shojaei Baghini Subhananda Chakrabarti Sanjeev Mehta Arup Roy Chowdhury Dinesh k sharma Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Space Applications Centre Jodhpur Tekra Ahmedabad India

Current mirror integration（CMI） read out integrated circuit（ROIC） topology provides a low input impedance to photo-detectors and provides large injection efficiency, large charge handling capacity and snapshot mode operation without in-pixel opamps. The ROIC described in this paper has been implemented with a modified current mirror circuit, with matched PMOS pairs for detector input stage and its biasing. The readout circuit has been designed for 30×30μm^2 pixel size, 4×4 array size, variable frame rate, 5 Me charga pixel per second（Mpps）.Experimental performance of the test chip has achieved 15 Me charge handling capacity, a high dynamic range of83 dB, 99.8% linearity and 99.96% injection efficiency. The ROIC design has been fabricated in 3.3 v 1P6 MUMC180 nm CMOS process and tested up to 5 MHz pixel rate at room and at cryogenic temperature.

关键词： pixel pitch readout integrated circuit (ROIC) cryogenics snapshot FPA IR detectors

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Significance of gut microbiota in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6161-6179页

作者： Satya Priya sharma ki Tae Suk Dong Joon kim Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases Hallym University College of MedicineChuncheon 24252South Korea

Liver-gut communication is vital in fatty liver diseases,and gut microbes are the key regulators in maintaining liver *** alcohol abuse and persistent overnutrition create dysbiosis in gut ecology,which can contribute to fatty liver *** this review,we discuss the gut microbial compositional changes that occur in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and how this gut microbial dysbiosis and its metabolic products are involved in fatty liver disease *** also summarize the new approaches related to gut microbes that might help in the diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver disease.

关键词： Fatty liver disease Alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Gut microbiome Dysbiosis

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Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 31-41页

作者： Emil R.Mamleyev Stefan Heissler Alexei Nefedov Peter G.Weidler Nurdiana Nordin vladislav v.k.dryashov.k.rstin Länge Neil Mackinnon Swati sharma Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute of Functional Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute of Nuclear Physics Ibragimova St.1050032 AlmatyKazakhstan

Thermochemical decomposition of organic materials under heat-treatment in the absence of oxygen,known as the pyrolysis process,is often employed to convert micro and nano patterned polymers into carbon structures,which are subsequently used as device *** is performed at≥900℃,which entails substrate materials with a high thermal stability that excludes flexible,polymeric *** use optimized laser radiation to pattern graphitic carbon structures onto commercially available polyimide(kapton)sheets in the micrometer to millimeter scale by inducing a localized,rapid pyrolysis,for the fabrication of flexible *** laser carbon films are electrically conductive and exhibit a high-surface area with a hierarchical porosity distribution along their *** material is obtained using various combinations of laser parameters and pyrolysis environment(oxygen-containing and inert).Extensive characterization of laser carbon is performed to understand the correlation between the material properties and laser parameters,primarily fluence and power.A photothermal carbonization mechanism based on the plume formation is ***,laser carbon is used for the fabrication of enzymatic,pH-based urea sensors using two approaches:(i)direct urease enzyme immobilization onto carbon and(ii)electrodeposition of an intermediate chitosan layer prior to urease *** flexible sensor is tested for quantitative urea detection down to 10^(−4) M concentrations,while a qualitative,color-indicative test is performed on a folded sensor placed inside a tube to demonstrate its compatibility with *** carbon is suitable for a variety of other flexible electronics and sensors,can be conveniently integrated with an external circuitry,heating elements,and with other microfabrication techniques such as fluidic platforms.

关键词： millimeter hierarchical pyrolysis

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Microstructure, Adhesion and Wear of Plasma Sprayed AlSi-SiC Composite Coatings

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Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 2012年第3期2卷 227-232页

作者： Satish Tailor v. k. sharma R. M. Mohanty P. R. Soni Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR-HQS New Delhi India. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India

Al-12.5 wt% Si alloy powder with 15 wt% SiCp was mechanically alloyed (MA) using attrition mill in purified nitrogen atmosphere. The MA processed powder was found to have nano grain size and uniform distribution of SiCp in the AlSi matrix. This MA processed powder was used for atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) for varying distances and currents densities. The coatings obtained were studied by image analyzer, SEM and XRD. Microhardness and wear rate of the coatings were evaluated using vickers indenter and pin on disk type tribometer, respectively. Adhesion strength of the coatings was measured by interfacial indentation test. The results showed that these coatings have uniform distribution of reinforced SiC particles in the nano crystalline matrix, low porosity (1% - 2%), low wear rates and improved adhe-sion strength. It was also observed that by increasing current density of APS, the adhesive strength increased.

关键词： AlSi-SiC Attrition Milling Plasma Spray Coating Adhesion Strength Wear Resistance

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Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous renal access in prone position

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第3期3卷 245-264页

作者： Gyanendra R sharma Pankaj N Maheshwari Anshu G sharma Reeta P Maheshwari Ritwik S Heda Sakshi P Maheshwari Department of Urology Chitale Clinic Private Limited SolapurMaharashtra 413001 India Fortis Hospital Mulund Department of Radiology Chitale Clinic Private Limited SolapurMaharashtra 413001 India

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a very commonly done procedure for management of renal calculus disease. Establishing a good access is the first and probably themost crucial step of this procedure. A proper access is the gateway to success. However, this crucial step has the steepest learning curve for, in a fluoroscopy guided access, it involves visualizing a three dimensional anatomy on a two dimensional fluoroscopy screen. This review describes the anatomical basis of the renal access. It provides a literature review of all aspects of percutaneous renal access along with the advances that have taken place in this field over the years. The article describes a technique to determine the site of skin puncture, the angle and depth of puncture using a simple mathematical principle. It also reviews the common problems faced during the process of puncture and dilatation and describes the ways to overcome them. The aim of this article is to provide the reader a step by step guide for percutaneous renal access.

关键词： Fluoroscopy Percutaneous renal access Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Learning curve kidney

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Exploring phytochemicals of Withania somnifera from different vicinity for functional foods

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Journal of Future Foods 2023年第3期3卷 278-287页

作者： Pooja Dhama Xianting Ding Alok sharma Department of Pharmacognosy ISF College of PharmacyPunjab 142001India School of Biomedical Engineering Med-X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

The well-known relation between food and bioactives explores the great prospective of innovative and novel food to maintain or improve health,increasing the demand investigating advance products with medicinal *** somnifera also known as‘Ashwagandha’in India,is one of the most utilized plants in different ancient medicine *** present work is an effort to develop a knowledge-based concept and a quality control approach for the development of functional *** study took into account the standardization criteria and examined how different geographies or different field sites(of India)would influence the phytoconstituents and their distribution in the different samples of *** level were strongly influenced by soil quality,cultivar,and growing *** increase in phenolic content,flavonoid content,antioxidants and the quality yield,were all correlated with increased phytoconstituent *** highest hydro-methanolic extract yield(by reflux(Soxhlet),sonication(20 min)and maceration(16 h)was from the sample collected from Rajasthan(18.61%,m/m)followed by West Bengal(11.21%)and Madhya Pradesh(12.67%)*** methanolic extract of Rajasthan sample(produced by the reflux(Soxhlet)extraction method)had the highest concentrations of flavonoids(65.32 mg quercetin equivalent(QE)/g)and the total phenols(60.35 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/g),while Madhya Pradesh sample(distilled water reflux(Soxhlet))extract had the highest antioxidant content(74.13%).High performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)method was also utilized for identification of withanolides *** separations were carried out using v(ethyl acetate):v(toluene):v(acetic acid)=9.1:1:0.6 as the mobile *** gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)study of hydro-methanolic Soxhlet extract of *** from 3 different regions of India was done and the total phytochemical substances identified were 132 in sample from Rajasthan,107

关键词： Withania somnifera Bioactives Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) Quality Functional foods

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Performance analysis of SiGe double-gate N-MOSFET

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第4期38卷 38-44页

作者： A.Singh D.kapoor R.sharma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vaish College of EngineeringRohtak 124001India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Northern India Engineering CollegeNew Delhi 110053India

The major purpose of this paper is to find an alternative configuration that not only minimizes the limitations of single-gate（SG） MOSFETs but also provides the better replacement for future *** this paper,the electrical characteristics of SiGe double-gate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si double-gate ***,in this paper the electrical characteristics of Si doublegate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si single-gate *** simulations are carried out for the device at different operational voltages using Cogenda visual TCAD ***,we have designed its structure and studied both Id-vg characteristics for different voltages namely 0.05,0.1,0.5,0.8,1 and 1.5 v and Id-vd characteristics for different voltages namely 0.1,0.5,1 and 1.5 v at work functions 4.5,4.6 and 4.8 ev for this *** performance parameters investigated in this paper are threshold voltage,DIBL,subthreshold slope,GIDL,volume inversion and MMCR.

关键词： double gate MOSFET DIBL GIDL volume inversion SiGe Genius tool

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Does steroid-free immunosuppression improve the outcome in kidney transplant recipients compared to conventional protocols?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2021年第4期11卷 99-113页

作者： Ahmed Aref Ajay sharma Ahmed Halawa Department of Nephrology Sur hospitalSur 411Oman Department of Transplantation Royal Liverpool University HospitalsLiverpool 111United Kingdom Department of Transplantation Sheffield Teaching HospitalsSheffield S57AUUnited Kingdom

Steroids continue to be the cornerstone of immune suppression since the early days of organ *** are key component of induction protocols,maintenance therapy and in the treatment of various forms of *** steroid use resulted in significant side effects on almost all the body organs owing to the presence of steroid receptors in most of the mammalian *** allograft recipients had to accept the short and long term complications of steroids because of lack of effective *** situation changed with the introduction of newer and more effective immune suppression agents with a relatively more acceptable side effect *** a result,the clinicians have been contemplating if it is the time to abandon the unquestionable reliance on maintenance steroids in modern transplantation *** review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of various steroid-minimization approaches(steroid avoidance,early steroid withdrawal,and late steroid withdrawal)in kidney transplant recipients.A meticulous electronic search was conducted through the available data resources like SCOPUS,MEDLINE,and Liverpool University library *** articles obtained through our search were included.A total number of 90 articles were eligible to be included in this review[34 randomised controlled trials(RCT)and 56 articles of other research modalities].All articles were evaluating the safety and efficacy of various steroidfree approaches in comparison to maintenance *** will cover only the RCT articles in this *** used in right clinical context,steroid-free protocols proved to be comparable to steroid-based maintenance *** appropriate approach should be tailored individually according to each recipient immunological challenges and clinical condition.

关键词： kidney transplantation Steroid free Immune suppression Steroid avoidance Steroid withdrawal Outcome

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Development and performance characterization of a compact plasma focus based portable fast neutron generator

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第11期22卷 127-135页

作者： Rishi vERMA Ekansh MISHRA Prosenjit DHANG Basanta kumar DAS Manraj MEENA Lakshman RONGALI Archana sharma Pulsed Power&Electromagnetics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre FacilityAtchutapuramVishakhapatnam 531011.India Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology Rajendra NagarIndore 452013India variable Energy Cyclotron Centre BidhannagarKolkata 700064India

The design details and performance characterization results of a newly developed plasma focus based compact and portable system(0.5 m×0.5 m×1.2 m,weighing≈100 kg)that produces an average neutron yield of^2×10^8 neutrons/shot(of fast D-D neutrons with typical energy^2.45 Me v)at^1.8 k J energy discharge are *** the detailed analysis of the experimental characterization and simulation results of this system,it has been conclusively revealed that specifically in plasma focus devices with larger static inductance:(i)pinch current is a reliable and more valid neutron yield scaling parameter than peak current,(ii)the ratio of pinch/peak current improves as static inductance of the system reduces,(iii)the benign role of the higher static/pinch inductance ratio enables the supply of inductively stored energy in densely pinched plasma with a larger time constant and it is well depicted by the extended dip observed in the discharge current trace,(iv)there is the need to redefine existing index values of the pinch(Ipinch^4.7)and peak(Ipeak^3.9)currents in neutron yield scaling equations to higher values.

关键词： plasma focus neutrons time of flight pinch current peak current plasma pinch pseudospark switch

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