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Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on the Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network and Echo-Top Data

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第6期40卷 1043-1057页

作者： Haibo ZOU shanshan wu Miaoxia TIAN Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education&School of Geography and Environmental Science Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022China Meteorological Sciences Institute of Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330046China Key Laboratory of Natural Disaster Monitoring Early Warning and Assessment of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang 330022China Jiangxi Climate Center Nanchang 330046China

The Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) neural network has great potential in estimating and predicting a variable. In addition to radar reflectivity(Z), radar echo-top height(ET) is also a good indicator of rainfall rate(R). In this study, we propose a new method, GRU_Z-ET, by introducing Z and ET as two independent variables into the GRU neural network to conduct the quantitative single-polarization radar precipitation estimation. The performance of GRU_Z-ET is compared with that of the other three methods in three heavy rainfall cases in China during 2018, namely, the traditional Z-R relationship(Z=300R1.4), the optimal Z-R relationship(Z=79R1.68) and the GRU neural network with only Z as the independent input variable(GRU_Z). The results indicate that the GRU_Z-ET performs the best, while the traditional Z-R relationship performs the worst. The performances of the rest two methods are *** further evaluate the performance of the GRU_Z-ET, 200 rainfall events with 21882 total samples during May–July of 2018 are used for statistical analysis. Results demonstrate that the spatial correlation coefficients, threat scores and probability of detection between the observed and estimated precipitation are the largest for the GRU_Z-ET and the smallest for the traditional Z-R relationship, and the root mean square error is just the opposite. In addition, these statistics of GRU_Z are similar to those of optimal Z-R relationship. Thus, it can be concluded that the performance of the GRU_ZET is the best in the four methods for the quantitative precipitation estimation.

关键词： quantitative precipitation estimation Gated Recurrent Unit neural network Z-R relationship echo-top height

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Sensitivity of Lake-Effect Convection to the Lake Surface Temperature over Poyang Lake in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第2期36卷 342-359页

作者： Haibo ZOU shanshan wu Jiusheng SHAN Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education&School of Geography and Environmental Science Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022 Meteorological Sciences Institute of Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330046 Key Laboratory of Natural Disaster Monitoring Early Warning and Assessment of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang 330022 Jiangxi Climate Center Nanchang 330046

In this study, high-resolution weather research and forecasting(WRF) simulations are used to explore the sensitivity of lake-effect convection over Poyang Lake(PL) to the change of lake surface temperature(LST). A control experiment(CTR) with climate mean LST(303 K) is compared with six sensitivity experiments(CTR-1/2/3K and CTR+1/2/3K) in which the LSTs are set based on the mean LST difference of 6 K between the maximum and minimum. The results show that the CTR experiment reasonably reproduces the lake-effect convection, and the lake-effect convection in sensitivity experiments is significantly influenced by the LST. With the increase of LST, the initiation time of the lake-effect convection is advanced gradually, while the initiation location moves PL from its *** lake-effect convection strengthens(weakens) in the increase-temperature CTR+1/2/3K(decrease-temperature CTR-1/2/3K) experiments, but the lake-effect convection does not monotonically strengthen with the LST, for the strongest one occurring in the CTR+1K experiment. The corresponding diagnostic analysis shows that the upward sensible heat flux and latent heat flux over PL increase with the LST, resulting in the enhancement of the lake-land breeze and the enlargement of the convective available potential energy(CAPE). This is the main reason for the changes in the initiation time and location, as well as the intensity of lake-effect convection in different *** addition, the non-monotonous variation of the level of free convection, which is mainly induced by the non-monotonous variation of the lifting condensation level, is responsible for the non-monotonous variation of the lake-effect convection intensity with the LST.

关键词： Poyang Lake lake-effect convection lake breeze convective available potential energy(CAPE) level of free convection(LFC)

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REGENERATION OF A DECAYING URBAN INDUSTRIAL AREA DRIVEN BY ENDOGENOUS HOME INDUSTRIES:A CASE STUDY OF MARÉFAVELA,RIO DE JANEIRO

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Journal of Green Building 2021年第2期16卷 237-248页

作者： shanshan wu Hao Li School of Architecture Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’anShaanxiChina

Favelas are low-income urban communities in Brazil,and Maréin Rio de Janeiro has the largest cluster of favelas in the *** prevailing view of a unique,regulated,and normative city conflicts with the reality of the continued expansion of the favelas,posing challenges for architects and urban planners in developing new strategies for integrating informal areas with the main *** study focused on a decaying industrial area adjacent to the Maréfavelas and explored a sustainable path for improving both the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of the *** infrastructure and socioeconomic links between the favelas and the city were *** home production model that emerged from the favelas inspired the use of the abandoned industrial area as a home-industry *** study proposed an urban regeneration strategy involving a bottom-up industry-space process evolving from home industries to group industries,and finally to larger community *** strategy can accelerate Maré’s development and integration with the city of Rio de Janeiro.

关键词： urban industrial area favela regeneration home industry bottom-up pattern

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The impact of industrial distribution on the distribution of pollution:Evidence from China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2020年第2期18卷 127-136页

作者： shanshan wu School of Economics Zhongnan University of Economics and LawWuhan430073China

This study aims to investigate the effect of industrial development strategies on the distribution of pollution in *** this purpose,it uses the Theil index to measure the degree to which pollution was concentrated in particular areas of China from 2003 to *** chart analysis,it shows that industries became more widely spread out over time,and finds water-polluted cities but no air-polluted cities in areas of high industry *** estimates from the Theil indices,I find that,while the within-region and between-region imbalances of industrial output were both reduced by the strategic plan,the speed of water pollution diversion does not align with the overall movement of industries,and there is not much between-region movement in wastewater *** distribution of soot emissions is found to differ significantly from that of industrial output,with negligible initial levels and subsequent changes in the between-region concentration of soot *** of the initial concentration and changes in concentration are within region,suggesting that industrial development strategies have helped spread industries out more ***,the distribution of industries is found to have changed the distribution of water pollution,but it did not have any impact on the concentration of air pollution.

关键词： Theil index Concentration Industrial pollution Chinese cities

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Structure and governance model of rural social space quality:A case study of Longxi County in the Loess Hilly Area of China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第7期32卷 1297-1320页

作者： wu shanshan MA Libang TAO Tianmin DOU Haojian College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730070China Northwest Institute of Urban-Rural Development and Collaborative Governance Lanzhou 730070China

The rural social space quality is an important indicator to measure the living standard and thinking ideas and so forth of rural residents in a certain *** this paper,213 administrative villages in Longxi County of the Loess Hilly Area,China are taken as evaluation units to construct the evaluation model of the rural social space *** paper deeply analyzed the variation patterns and their formation mechanism of the rural social space quality at a village scale,and proposed a governance model based on the rural social space *** results show that:(1)the social space quality levels of individual administrative villages show a gradually decreasing trend from the township seats to *** eastern part of Longxi County has a relatively high education level and living standard,and the western part has a relatively high population stability level and income level.(2)The rural social space quality is mainly in a ring structure,supplemented by the interlaced *** core area is the towns and their surrounding areas,while the transition area,marginal area,and other areas are expanded around the core area.(3)Social forces and spatial effects jointly shape the variation of the rural social space *** organizations provide a driving force for the allocation of elements,and interweaving with the spatial effects lead to the differences in the social space quality.(4)The governance models of the rural social space quality are constructed based on the principles of retaining the rural“people”,optimizing the rural“land”,and developing the rural“industry”,so as to improve the rural centripetal force,core force,inner thrust,and source power.

关键词： rural social space quality spatial structure formation mechanism governance model Longxi County in the Loess Hilly Area of China

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Identification of high oxygen-consuming substances in stormwater drainage systems illicitly connected with sewage system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 132-140页

作者： Chen Xu Zuxin Xu Wenhai Chu shanshan wu Rong Xiao Lei Su State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Guangzhou Resource Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510030China

The dissolved oxygen content in water is an important indicator for assessing the quality of the water environment,and maintaining a certain amount of dissolved oxygen is essential for the healthy development of the ecological *** a water body is anoxic,the activity of anaerobic microorganisms increases and organic matter is decomposed to produce a large number of blackening and odorizing substances,resulting in black and odorous water bodies,which is a very common and typical phenomenon in ***,there is still a relatively universal occurrence of illicitly connected stormwater and sewage pipes in the urban drainage pipe network in China,which makes oxygen-consuming substances be directly discharged into rivers through stormwater pipes and consume the dissolved oxygen in the water bodies,resulting in an oxygen deficiency of the *** induces seasonal or year-round black and stink phenomena in urban ***,identifying high oxygen-consuming substances,which lays the foundation for the subsequent removal of oxygen-consuming substances,is *** a series of comparisons of water quality indicators and analysis of organic characteristics,it was found that the oxygen consumption capacity of domestic sewage was higher than that of industrial wastewater in the selected area of this study,and the oxygen-consuming substances of domestic sewage were small molecular amino *** comparing 20 conventional free amino acids,it was found that seven of them consumed oxygen easily,and compared with chemical oxygen consumption,biological oxygen consumption was in a leading position.

关键词： Urban drainage system Oxygen-consuming substances Domestic sewage Amino acid

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Research on the Dynamic Response of Submerged Floating Tunnels to Wave Currents and Traffic Load

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第1期19卷 159-173页

作者： Bolin Jiang shanshan wu Min Ji Bo Liang Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering Chongqing402260China Chongqing Vocational College of Public Transportation Chongqing402247China Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing400074China

Submerged floating tunnel(SFTs)are typically subjected to complex external environmental and internal loads such as wave currents and traffic *** this study,this problem is investigated through a finite element method able to account for fluid-structure *** obtained results show that increasing the number of vehicles per unit length enhances the transverse vibrational displacements of the SFT cross *** ultimate traffic load condition,one-way and two-way syntropic distributions can promote the dynamic responses of SFTs whereas two-way reverse distributions have the opposite effect.

关键词： Submerged floating tunnel vehicle load dynamic response wave and current loads fluid-structure interaction

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Determination of the crustal structure and seismicity of the Linfen rift with S-wave velocity mapping

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第3期14卷 647-659页

作者： Zigen Wei Risheng Chu Meiqin Song Xiaolin Yang shanshan wu Feng Bao State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430077China Earthquake Administration of Shanxi Province Taiyuan030021China Shaanxi Earthquake Agency Xi’an710068China Shanghai Earthquake Agency Shanghai200062China

The Linfen rift is a Cenozoic extensional rift with significant seismicity and seismic *** of this rift shed light on deep dynamic processes and seismogenic mechanisms relevant to crustal structure and seismic *** first conducted a joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion on waveform data collected from 27 broadband seismic stations to image the crustal S-wave velocity in the Linfen rift and its *** then relocated the source parameters for 10 earthquake events with depths>20 km and studied the relationship between crustal S-wave velocity and *** results show that low-velocity zones of different scales exist in the middle-lower crust,and that the depth of the seismogenic layer gradually increases from^25 km in the south to^34 km in the north,roughly corresponding to the bottom of the low-velocity *** found that most of the relocated earthquakes occurred in the low-velocity zone at depths of 18 km to 34 km,with the deepest at 32 *** of the greatest historic earthquakes,Linfen(Ms 7.75)in 1695 and Hongtong(Ms 8.0)in 1303,occurred at the bottom of the high-velocity zone at depths of 12 km to 18 *** results,combined with previous studies,suggest that the upwelling mantle material below the rift did not remarkably affect the velocity structure from the bottom of the seismogenic layer down to the uppermost mantle nor heat the *** is likely that neither crustal-scale faults nor mantle earthquakes exist in the Linfen rift.

关键词： Linfen rift joint inversion S-wave velocity seismogenic layer deep crustal earthquake

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Absorption of Arsenite on Several Iron (Hydro-)Oxides and Impact from Pre-processing Methods

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第2期80卷 200-205页

作者： YE Ying JI shanshan wu Daidai LI Jun ZHANG Weirui Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027

The absorption reactions of arsenite on Fe （hydro-）oxides are studied. The three absorbent types are Fe（OH）3 gel and two Fe （hydro-）oxides, in which the Fe（OH）3 gel was dried in a microwave oven under vacuum at 80℃. It is found that pH changes from 9.71 to 10.36 in 6 minutes after the Fe （OH）3 gel was mixed with NaAsO2 solution, as the arsenite replaces the OH- in goethite and Fe（OH）3. At the 40th minute after the start of the reaction, pH decreases, which is most probably because that the monodentate surface complex of absorbed arsenite has changed into mononuclear-bidentate complex and released proton. The decline in pH values indicates not the end of the absorption but a change in the reaction type. Temperature and dissolved gas has little effect on these two types of reactions. The total absorption of arsenite increases after the absorbent is irradiated with ultrasound, which also lead to difficulty in separating the solids from solution. The absorption capacity for arsenite of Fe（OH）3 gel dried in a microwave oven under vacuum is 53.18% and 17.22% respectively better than that of Fe （OH）3 gel and gel dried at 80℃. The possible reasons are that the water molecules in the gel vibrates with high frequency under the effect of microwave irradiation, thereby producing higher porosity and improved surface activity.

关键词： goethite Fe(OH)3 gel absorption capability arsenite

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Calcium dobesilate for diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 101-107页

作者： ZHANG XinYuan LIU Wei wu shanshan JIN JingLong LI WeiHong Wang NingLi Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Tongren Eye CentreTongren HospitalCapital Medical University University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of medical resources Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics Peking University Health Science Center

Many randomized clinical controlled trials have confirmed the efficacy and safety of calcium dobesilate in treating diabetic retinopathy(DR).This systematic review critically evaluated the evidence that links calcium dobesilate to *** this fixed-effects meta-analysis,a total of 221 pertinent English-language articles published between January 1975 and October 2013 were *** searches of PUBMED,Springer Link and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Database were conducted using the keywords "diabetic retinopathy" and "calcium dobesilate".The extracted information included the study design,inclusion and exclusion criteria,setting,sample size,participant mean age,treatment regime,mean change in best corrected visual acuity,laboratory parameters,capillary fragility,intraocular pressure and fundus manifestations based on the findings of fluorescent *** summary statistics indicated that calcium dobesilate was significantly associated with improving retinal microaneurysms(RR: 0.62,95%CI: 0.42?0.90,P=0.01),retinalhemorrhages(RR: 0.39,95% CI: 0.17?0.88,P=0.02); exudates(RR: 0.31,95% CI: 0.12?0.81,P=0.02),reduction of whole blood viscosity(MD: ?0.57 CP,95% CI: ?0.75 to ?0.38,P<0.001),plasma viscosity(MD: ?0.36 CP,95% CI: ?0.63 to ?0.09,P=0.01) and blood cholesterol(MD: ?0.48 mg m L?1,95% CI: ?0.64?0.33,P<0.00001).Intraocular pressure was also significantly reduced(MD: ?5.59 mm Hg,95% CI: ?6.69 to ?4.50,P<0.00001).The results indicate that calcium dobesilate effectively treats DR at the systematic and local ocular levels.

关键词： diabetic retinopathy calcium dobesilate randomized controlled clinical trial systemic review meta-analysis

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