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Major and Trace Element Characterization of Shallow Groundwater in Coastal Alluvium of Chidambaram Town, Cuddalore District, South India

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第1期4卷 64-76页

作者： Thangasamy Jeyavel raja Kumar Chinadurai Dushiyanthan Boopalan Thiruneelakandan Radhakrishnan Suresh shanmugam vasanth raja Mailare Senthilkumar Department of Earth Sciences Annamalai University Chidambaram India

Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater of Chidambaram town has been carried out to assess the suitability for drinking uses and the source for the ions acquisition process. Geologically, the area comes under the alluvial zone and is followed by tertiary formation, includes sands, sand stone, laterite, clayey black and stiff clay. The water level varies from 6 m to 10 m bgl. Twenty groundwater samples are collected and analysed for pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), major cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and anions , Cl-, . The trace elements of Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cd, Cu and Mn are determined. Study results reveal that groundwater in study area is a fresh water type. The pH, EC and TDS are noticed high and sequence of abundance of the major ions is Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl- > > . The Stufzand chloride classification indicates that the groundwater is derived from precipitations and Scholler classification shown type I. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater are Ca2+ > Na+ > Cl- and saturation index shows that nearly all the water samples are under saturated with respect to carbonate (calcite, dolomite and aragonite) and sulfate (gypsum and anhydrite) minerals. Except Zn, other elements of Fe, Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Cd are found high and above the permissible limit of drinking water standard. The ionic concentration present in the groundwater of the study area can be from wastes of commercial activities, domestic sewage and automobiles rather than by ionic exchange and geological formation.

关键词： Groundwater Quality Hydrogeochemical Processes Saturation Index Trace Elements

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WO_(3) passivation layer-coated nanostructured TiO_(2): An efficient defect engineered photoelectrode for dye sensitized solar cell

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第5期42卷 91-98页

作者： Arya Babu Arya vasanth Shantikumar Nair Mariyappan shanmugam Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamKochiKerala-682041India

Major loss factors for photo-generated electrons due to the presence of surface defects in titanium dioxide(Ti O_2)were controlled by RF-sputtered tungsten trioxide(WO_3) passivation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assured the coating of WO3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer by showing Ti 2 p, W 4 f and O 1 s characteristic peaks and were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The coating of WO_3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer did not affect dye adsorption significantly. Dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) fabricated using WO_3-coated Ti O_2 showed an enhancement of ~10% compared to DSSCs fabricated using pristine Ti O_2-based photo-electrodes. It is attributed to the WO_3 passivation on Ti O_2 that creates an energy barrier which favored photo-electron injection by tunneling but blocked reverse electron recombination pathways towards holes available in highest occupied molecular orbital of the dye molecules. It was further evidenced that there is an optimum thickness(duration of coating) of WO_3 to improve the DSSC performance and longer duration of WO_3 suppressed photo-electron injection from dye to Ti O_2 as inferred from the detrimental effect in short circuit current density values. RF-sputtering yields pinhole-free,highly uniform and conformal coating of WO_3 onto any area of interest, which can be considered for an effective surface passivation for nanostructured photovoltaic devices.

关键词： charge transport recombination tungsten oxide solar cell interface defects

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