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Efficacy of diurnal BG-Sentinel traps to capture nocturnal adult Armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes and impact of altitudinal variations in forests

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2019年第11期12卷 512-519页

作者： Devi shankar Suman Zoological Survey of India New AliporeKolkataWest Bengal700053India

Objective:To establish an efficacious and efficient surveillance method of Armigeres(Ar.)subalbatus,a known filarial vector,surviving in forest habitats to estimate realistic population density and assess the impact of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of the ***:In the study,12 locations in areas with an altitudinal range from 82 m to 920 m were selected in three reserve forests for night sampling of adult *** mosquito using standard chemical lure based BG-Sentinel traps and CDC-light traps in *** of locations and time were estimated on the efficacy of traps as mosquito density using multifactor analysis of variance for significant *** of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of traps was assessed using multiple regression with slope ***:BG-Sentinel trap collected significantly more adult ***,4.43 folds in Gorumara NP,5.19 folds in Neora Valley NP and 12.10 folds in mahananda WLS than the CDC-light trap irrespective to ***-Sentinel traps were tolerant of altitudinal variations(80 m-170 m)and showed no significant relationship between density and altitudes in contrast to CDC-light traps which showed a significant negative impact on capturing efficacy with increase in altitudes(Pmore *** mosquitoes during night time in comparison to CDC-light trap under complex climatic conditions of forest and variable altitudes.

关键词： mosquitoes Surveillance Adult mosquito traps Altitudinal variations Armigeres subalbatus

Effect of pellet die diameter on density and durability of pellets made from high moisture woody and herbaceous biomass

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第1期1卷 44-54页

作者： Jaya shankar Tumuluru 750 University Blvd Biofuels DepartmentEnergy Systems LaboratoryIdaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID 83415-3750USA

Densified products produced from pellet mill are commercially used as a commodity type product for energy applications that are transported nationally and *** quality of the pelletized biomass produced depends on the process variables such as die diameter,length to diameter(L/D)ratio,die speed,preheating,and steam conditioning;and feedstock variables such as feedstock type,moisture content,and particle size and *** the present study,pelleting tests were conducted with both woody(i.e.,lodgepole pine and pinyon-juniper)and herbaceous(i.e.,corn stover,wheat straw,and energy sorghum)biomass.A high level of feedstock moisture content of 33%(w.b.)was selected,while the die speed and preheating temperature process variables were kept at 60 Hz(380 rpm)and 70*** indicated that during the pelleting and cooling process,an approximate 10–13%(w.b.)moisture loss in both the woody and herbaceous biomass was *** high moisture pellets produced were further dried in a laboratory oven at 70C for three hours to reduce the moisture content of the pellets tomass corn stover(e.g.,>1133,>580,>620 kg/m3)and the woody biomass lodgepole pine(e.g.,>1037,>568,>641 kg/m3),*** the case of durability for the 8 mm diameter pellets,wheat straw and corn stover recorded a maximum of about 96%,respectively,while the lodgepole pine and pinion juniper recorded a maximum of>96%,respectively.

关键词： Woody and herbaceous biomass High moisture pelleting Unit Bulk density Tapped density Durability

Biodiversity of endophytic fungi from seven herbaceous medicinal plants of malnad region, Western Ghats, southern India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 707-711页

作者： B.shankar Naik m.Krishnappa Y.L.Krishnamurthy Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Applied Botany Kuvempu University Govt. Science College Department of BiologyBadami

A total of 3611 fungal isolates were recovered from 4200 leaf segments incubated from 7 medicinal herbs during monsoon, winter and summer seasons. These fungal isolates belonged to teleomorphic Asco-mycota （23.5%）, anamorphic Ascomycota producing conidiomata （17.4%）, anamorphic Ascomycota without conidiomata （46.9%）, Zygo-mycota （1.42%） and sterile forms （10.6%）. Chaetomium globosum, As-pergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Pestalotiopsis spp., Trichoderma viridae, Cladosporium cladosporioides, were frequently isolated from more than one host plant. The number of endophytic isolates was higher in winter than in monsoon and summer seasons.

关键词： endophytes diversity herbs seasonality malnad region

Quadrant based incremental planning for mobile robots

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第5期21卷 1792-1803页

作者： P.Raja m.Abhilash K.Ravi shankar Alameluvari Adarsh School of mechanical Engineering SASTRA University

Path planning of a mobile robot in the presence of multiple moving obstacles is found to be a complicated problem.A planning algorithm capable of negotiating both static and moving obstacles in an unpredictable(on-line)environment is *** proposed incremental algorithm plans the path by considering the quadrants in which the current positions of obstacles as well as target are ***,the governing equations for the shortest path are *** proposed mathematical model describes the motion(satisfying constraints of the mobile robot)along a collision-free ***,the algorithm is applicable to dynamic environments with fixed or moving *** results show the effectiveness of the proposed *** of results with the improved artificial potential field(iAPF)algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm yields shorter path length with less computation time.

关键词： mobile robots incremental planning quadrant based approach dynamic environment

Alkali activated slag-fly ash concrete incorporating precious slag as fine aggregate for rigid pavements

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第1期9卷 78-92页

作者： Avinash Talkeri A.U.Ravi shankar Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalMangalore 575025India

This study aims to develop the alkali activated slag-fly ash concrete(AASFC) using precious slag(PS) ball as the fine aggregate. The slag-fly ash proportion, sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide(SS/SH) ratio and sodium hydroxide concentration are the prime variables. The fresh concrete properties like workability, setting time and the hardened concrete properties of AASFC developed under ambient curing were analyzed and similar way by replacing with fly ash(FA). The sodium hydroxide concentration of 8 m, 10 m and 12 m, SS/SH ratio of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, alkaline liquid to binder ratio of 0.35 and variation in slag-fly ash proportion as major inputs for mix design. The test results showed that, the fresh state of AASFC blend has a shorter setting time of 12-16 min, because of calcium mineral from the FA, the workability and setting time of AASFC mix was enhanced by the addition of the trisodium phosphate as a retarder. At the higher SS/SH extent, the workability and setting time exaggerated, whereas the increased FA content and sodium hydroxide concentration had a greater influence on the fresh state of concrete. Also, the sodium hydroxide concentration, SS/SH ratio and slag-fly ash proportion are the most inducing parameters on the workability, setting time and strength parameters of AASFC.

关键词： Road engineering Slag-fly ash proportion SS/SH ratio molarity AASFC PS ball

Influence of quenching medium on the dendrite morphology,hardness,and tribological behaviour of cast Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloy for defence application

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第12期30卷 83-100页

作者： Bipin Sankar Karthik V shankar Vamu Sunil Hemanth Kashyap S Nikhil Nair Adarsh A.Nair Abhinav P m Department of mechanical Engineering Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAmritapuriIndia

Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloys(Spinodal bronze)are potential materials with robust applications in components associated with defence applications like bearings,propellers,bushes,and shafts of heavily loaded aircraft,off-road vehicles,and *** paper presents a comparative study using water,Brine solution,and SAE 40 oil as the quenching media in regular bronze(Cu-6Sn)and spinodal bronze(Cu-9Ni-6Sn)*** analysis was conducted by optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEm),and X-ray diffraction technique(XRD)on bronze and spinodal bronze samples immersed in the three different quenching media to understand the grain size and hardness values *** analysis was performed to analyze the effect of quenching media on the wear aspects of bronze and spinodal bronze *** hardness value of the brine-aged spinodal bronze samples was as high as 320 Hv,and the grain size was very low in the range of 60μm.A quantitative comparison between brine-aged regular bronze and brine-aged spinodal bronze showed that the hardness(Hv)was almost 80%higher for brine-aged spinodal ***,the grain size was approximately 30%finer for spinodal bronze when compared with regular *** the load was increased in spinodal bronze samples,there was an initial dip in wear rate followed by a marginal *** was a steady increase in friction coefficient with a rise in load for brine-aged regular bronze and spinodal bronze *** results indicate that brine solution is the most effective quenching medium for cast Cu-Ni-Sn spinodal alloys.

关键词： Quenching Water Brine SAE 40 oil Grain size Hardness Wear rate Spinodal decomposition CuSn Spinodal alloy CuNiSn

Secure Localization Based Authentication (SLA) Strategy for Data Integrity in WNS

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Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 4005-4018页

作者： V.manikandan m.Sivaram Amin Salih mohammed V.Porkodi K.shankar Assistant Professor Research Research CenterLebanese French UniversityErbil44001Iraq Vice President Lebanese French UniversityErbil44001Iraq Department of Information Technology College of Engineering and Computer ScienceLebanese French UniversityErbil44001Iraq Department of Computer Applications Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi630003India

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)has been extensively utilized as a communication model in Internet of Things(IoT).As well,to offer service,numerous IoT based applications need effective transmission over unstable *** ensure reliability,prevailing investigations exploit multiple candidate forwarders over geographic opportunistic routing in ***,these models are affected by crucial denial of service(DoS)attacks,where huge amount of invalid data are delivered intentionally to the receivers to disturb the functionality of ***,secure localization based authentication(SLA)is presented to fight against DoS attack,and to fulfil the need of reliability and *** examining state information,SLA projects a trust model to enhance efficacy of data ***,of the prevailing opportunistic protocols,SLA guarantees data integrity by modelling a trust based authentication,providing protection against DoS attackers and diminishing computational ***,this model acts as a verification strategy to accelerate?attackers and to handle *** strategy helps SLA in eliminating duplicate transmission and by continuous verification that results from conventional opportunistic *** is performed in a mATLAB environment that offers authentic and reliable delivery by consuming approximately 50%of the cost in contrast to other *** anticipated model shows better trade off in comparison to the prevailing ones.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks opportunistic routing secure localization based authentication denial of service computational cost

Bifurcation phenomena and control for magnetohydrodynamic flows in a smooth expanded channel

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 374-383页

作者： G.C.Layek mani shankar mandal H.A.Khalaf Department of mathematics The University of Burdwan Department of mathematics Krishnagar Govt. College KrishnagarNadia 741101India Thi-Qar University Marshes Research Center Thi-QarIraq

This work reports the effects of magnetic field on an electrically conducting fluid with low electrical conductivity flowing in a smooth expanded channel. The governing nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic （mHD） equations in induction- free situations are derived in the framework of mHD approximations and solved numerically using the finite-difference technique. The critical values of Reynolds number （based on upstream mean velocity and channel height） for symmetry breaking bifurcation for a sudden expansion channel （1：4） is about 36, whereas the value in the case of the smooth expansion geometry used in this work is obtained as 298, approximately （non-magnetic case）. The flow of an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of an externally applied constant magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the flow is reduced significantly depending on the magnetic parameter （m）. It is expansion （1：4） is about 475 for the magnetic parameter m found that the critical value of Reynolds number for smooth = 2. The separating regions developed behind the smooth symmetric expansion are decreased in length for increasing values of the magnetic parameter. The bifurcation diagram is shown for a symmetric smoothly expanding channel. It is noted that the critical values of Reynolds number increase with increasing magnetic field strength.

关键词： weakly electrically conducting fluid flow bifurcation asymmetric flow smooth expansion

Failure investigation on high velocity impact deformation of boron carbide(B_(4)C) reinforced fiber metal laminates of titanium/glass fiber reinforced polymer

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第6期18卷 963-975页

作者： S.Suresh Kumar P.A.shankar K.Lalith Kumar Department of mechanical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of EngineeringKalavakkamChennai603110India

High velocity ballistic impact deformation behaviour of Titanium/GFRP Fiber metal Laminates(FmL)has been *** single and multiple projectiles impact conditions were ***/GFRP FmL targets were fabricated with addition of 5%and 10%weight percentage of boron carbide(B_(4)C)*** properties of Ti/GFRP FmL targets were determined as per ASTm *** velocity ballistic experiments were conducted using Armour Piercing Projectile(APP)of diameter 7.62 mm and velocity ranging between 350 and 450 m/*** of penetration of the projectile into the target was *** deformation behaviour of Ti/GFRP targets with and without the presence of ceramic powder(B_(4)C)was investigated.“Ductile hole growth”failure mode was observed for pure GFRP target when subjected to single projectile impact whereas“plugging”failure mode was noted for Ti/GFRP *** presence of B_(4)C(5%by weight)particles has significantly improved the ballistic resistance of the Ti/GFRP FmL target by offering frictional resistance to the projectile *** addition(10%by weight)of B_(4)C has reduced the ballistic performance due to *** of the targets showed‘brittle cracking’or‘fragmentation’*** compared to the published results of Aluminium(Al 1100/GFRP and Al 6061/GFRP)FmLs,Ti/GFRP FmL showed lesser DoP which increases its potential application to aerospace industry.

关键词： Ti/GFRP FmL Ballistic impact Armour piercing projectile Boron carbide Depth of penetration Plugging