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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana shanika jayas.n.he David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.n.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:no studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).no differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Conserved regions of Plasmodium vivax potential vaccine candidate antigens in Sri Lanka:Conscious in silico analysis of prospective conformational epitope regions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第10期7卷 832-840页

作者： shanika Amarasinghe Hashendra Kathriarachchi Preethi Udagama Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ColomboCumarathungaMunidasaMawatha Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ColomboCumarathungaMunidasaMawatha

Objective:To do mapping and modeling of conformational B cell epitope regions of highly conserved and protective regions of three merozoitecandidate vaccine proteins of Plasmodium vivax(***),*** purface protein-1(PvMSP-1),apical membrane antigen-1 domainⅡ(PvAMA1-DⅡ)and regionⅡof the Duffy binding protein(PvDBPⅡ).and to analyze the immunogenie properties of these predicted ***:3-D structures of amino acid haplotypes from Sri Lanka(available in GeneBank)of PvMSP-1_(19)(n=27),PvAMA1-DⅡ(n=21)and PvDBPⅡ(n=33)were ***,selected as the best online server was used for conformational epitope predictions,while prediction and moodeling of protein structuve and properties related to immunogenicity was carried out with Geno3D *** Protein Server,netSurfP Server and standaloneroftware,Genious ***:SEPPA revealed that regions of predicted conformational epitopes formed 4 clusters in PvMSP-I_(19),and 3 clusters each in PvAMA1-DⅡand PvDBPⅡ,all of which displayed a high degree of hydrophilicity,contained solveut exposed residues,displayed high probability of antigenicity and showed positive antigenic propensity values,that indicated high degree of ***:Findings of this study revealed and confirmed that different parts of the sequences of each of the conserved regions of the three selected potential vaccine candidate antigens of *** are important with regard to conformational epitope prediction that warrants further laboratory experimental invertigations in in vivo animal models.

关键词： Plasmodium vivax PvMSP-1_(19) PvAMA1-DⅡ PvDBPⅡ Conserved regions Conformational epitopes Immunogenicity

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Management of Public Debt in Sri Lanka

Management of Public Debt in Sri Lanka

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作者： shanika Gamalath（舍妮卡）大连海事大学

学位级别：硕士

Title of "Management of Public Debt in Sri Lanka" and the background of this thesis address a critical issue which affects the economic well-being of Sri Lankan citizens. The total outstanding government debt which is termed the Public Debt and the way it is financed have implications for the welfare of Sri Lankans belonging to the present as well as future generations. It will focus on understanding the economical conflicts of the country in the past few decades, the public debt and an analysis and comparison of public debt in Sri Lanka, from year 2008 to 2013. Also, identify reasons of indebtedness and make a conclusion about country’s public debt situation over the last few years..Further the research will continue to state of defining the condition of the present ＆ the future of the economical situation and the public debts of Sri Lanka. Theoretical parts provide and explain theories concerning all public debt elements. This thesis also includes Sri Lankan government expenditure from year 2008-2013, Targets and Strategies for Government Borrowings, Risk Management in Public Debt and Sustainability of External Debt etc. This thesis defines, analyze and compare of management of public debt in Sri Lanka and make conclusion over the years from year 2008 to 2013.

关键词： Public debt Government Economical Management Sri Lanka

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