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Understanding arsenic behavior in alluvial aquifers:Evidence from sediment geochemistry,solute chemistry and environmental isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 222-238页

作者： shailesh Kumar Yadav AL.Ramanathan Chidambaram Sabarathinam Alok Kumar Manoj Kumar Anshula dhiman School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India Water Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchKuwait department of Environmental Studies University of Delhi110007India department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliSector 81140306India

The hydro-geochemistry and isotopic variations in groundwater,coupled with sediment geochemistry,were investigated in the Middle Gangetic Plain,India,to better understand the aquifer dynamics that influence the arsenic(As)evolution and ***-four groundwater samples,thirteen River water samples,and two sediment cores(33 mbgl)were *** samples were analyzed for major ions and trace metals,including As and stable isotopic variability(δ^(2)H,δ^(18)O,andδ^(13)C).The study area was categorized into older and younger alluvium based on existing geomorphological *** alluvium exhibits higher As enrichment in sediment and groundwater,ranging of 2.59–31.52 mg/kg and bdl to 0.62 mg/*** samples were thermodynamically more stable with As(OH)_(3)species ranging from 88.5%to 91.4%and FeOOH from 69%to 81%,*** and mineralogical analysis suggested goethite and siderite act as a source and sink for ***,statistical analysis suggested reductive dissolution as the primary mechanism for As mobilization in the study ***-temporal analysis revealed elevated concentrations of As in the central and northeastern regions of the study *** isotope(δ^(2)H andδ^(18)O)analysis inferred active recharge conditions primarily driven by *** depleted d-excess value and enrichedδ^(18)O in the groundwater of younger alluvium indicate the effect of groundwater recharge with significant evaporation *** recharge potentially decreased the quantity of arsenic in groundwater,whereas evaporation enrichment increased *** infiltration during recharge introduces oxygenated water into the aquifer,leading to changes in the redox conditions and facilitating biogeochemical *** carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)results suggest that high microbial activity in younger alluvium promotes As leaching from sediment into the groundwater.

关键词： Groundwater recharge Reductive dissolution Older alluvium Younger alluvium Ghazipur Stable isotope

Pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy:Evolving definitions,preventive strategies and modern management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5789-5796页

作者： shailesh V Shrikhande Melroy A d'Souza department of GI and HPB Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial HospitalMumbai 400-012 India

Pancreatic resection is the treatment of choice for pancreatic malignancy and certain benign pancreatic disorders. However, pancreatic resection is technically a demanding procedure and whereas mortality after a pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently d high-volume centers, post-operative morbidity is considerable, about 30%-50%. At present, the single most significant cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreatectomy is the development of pancreatic leakage and fistula (PF). The occurrence of a PF increases the length of hospital stay and the cost of treatment, requires additional investigations and procedures, and can result in life-threatening complications. There is no universally accepted definition of PF that would allow standardized reporting and proper comparison of outcomes between different centers. However, early recognition of a PF and prompt institution of appropriate treatment is critical to the prevention of potentially devastating consequences. The present article, reviews the evolution of post resection pancreatic fistula as a concept, and discusses evolving definitions, the current preventive strategies and the management of this problem.

关键词： Pancreatic fistula Pancreaticoduodenectomy Pancreatic anastomosis Pancreatic anastomotic failure Complications

Borderline resectable pancreatic tumors:Is there a need for further refinement of this stage?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2011年第3期10卷 319-324页

作者： shailesh V Shrikhande Supreeta Arya Savio George Barreto Sachin Ingle Melroy A d'Souza Rohini Hawaldar Parul J Shukla department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Oncology department of Radiology Tata Memorial Hospital department of Surgery Royal Adelaide Hospital Clinical Research Secretariat

BACKGROUNd:The ideal treatment of patients with 'borderline resectable pancreatic tumors (BRTs)' needs to be *** protocols advise neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy,although some patients may appear to have BRT on preoperative imaging and a complete resection may be achieved without the need for vascular *** aim of the present study was to identify specific findings on preoperative imaging that could help predict in which patients with BRT a complete resection,with or without vascular resection (VR),could be ***:Twelve patients with BRTs were *** location,maximum degree of circumferential contact (CC),length of contact of the tumor with major vessels (LC),and luminal narrowing of vessels at the point of contact with the tumor (venous deformity,Vd) were graded on preoperatively acquired multidetector computed tomography (MdCT) images and then compared with the intraoperative findings and need for ***:A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 10 patients with 2 having microscopic positive margins (R1) on histopathology at the uncinate *** of the 10 patients required VR (40%).In 3 of the 4 patients whose tumors required VRs,CC was ≥grade III and Vd was grade *** did not influence the need for ***:It is possible to achieve a complete resection at the first instance in patients found to have BRTs on preoperative *** MdCT-based grading systems and our proposed criteria may help identify such patients,thus avoiding any delay in curative resections in such patients.

关键词： pancreatic head carcinoma pancreatic cancer pancreatic neoplasms resection

A database of modeled gridded dry deposition velocities for 45 gaseous species and three particle size ranges across North America

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 264-272页

作者： Leiming Zhang Zhuanshi He Zhiyong Wu Anne Marie Macdonald Jeffrey R.Brook shailesh Kharol Air Quality Research division Science and Technology BranchEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoON M3H 5T4Canada department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2E4Canada

The dry deposition process refers to the flux loss of an atmospheric pollutant due to uptake of the pollutant by the earth’s *** deposition flux of a chemical species is typically calculated as the product of its surface-layer concentration and its dry deposition velocity(V_(d)).Field measurement based V_(d) data are very scarce or do not exist for many chemical species considered in chemistry transport *** the present study,gaseous and particulate dry deposition schemes were applied to generate a database of hourly V_(d) for 45 gaseous species and three particle size ranges for two years(2016–2017)at a 15 kmby 15 km horizontal resolution across North *** V_(d) of the 45 gaseous species ranged fromdomain,with chemical species-dependentmedian(mean)values being in the range of 0.018–1.37 cm/sec(0.05–1.43 cm/sec).The spatial distributions of the two-year average V_(d) showed values higher than 1–3 cm/sec for those soluble and reactive species over certain land *** species have the highest V_(d) over water surfaces,while insoluble but reactive species have the highest V_(d) over *** V_(d) of PM_(2.5) across the whole domain ranged from 0.039 to 0.75 cm/sec with median(mean)value of 0.18(0.20)cm s^(−1),while the mean V_(d) for PM_(2.5)–10 is twice that of PM_(2.5).Uncertainties in the modeled V_(d) are typically on the order of a factor of 2.0 or larger,which needs to be considered when applying the dataset in other studies.

关键词： Air quality modeling Atmospheric pollutant Atmospheric deposition dry deposition velocity Spatiotemporal distribution

Advanced Endoscopic Palliation of Unresectable Periampullary Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第10期12卷 249-262页

作者： shailesh Simkhada Shravana Aryal Albert d. Osei Ashik Pokharel Rami Matar Michael Maitar Springfield Memorial Hospital Springfield Illinois USA Southern Illinois University Springfield Illinois USA Medstar Health Internal Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA St. George’s University West Indies Grenada

Background and Aims: Periampullary malignancies often present at an advanced unresectable stage requiring palliation of symptoms for the better quality of life. Though they require multispecialty support;role of endoscopic interventions in palliation is paramount because of the advancement in technology and increase experience of Gastroenterologist. Methods: We did extensive review of articles regarding endoscopic advances in the management of Unresectable Periampullary Malignancies. Several systematic reviews, Meta analysis, and Randomized controlled trials published over the last 2 decades were thoroughly searched on PUBMEd and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Results: Advanced Endoscopic procedures have been emerging as a superior modality than conventional measures because of minimal invasiveness and greater clinical and technical success. Conclusion: Periampullary malignancies often present at an advanced unresectable stage requiring palliation of symptoms for the better quality of life. Several endoscopic interventions have already been established as the standard of care in palliation of symptoms of unresectable periampullary malignancies, we can say with confidence that with growing advances in EUS, advancement in technologies and increasing experiences, the role of gastroenterologist will be pivotal in these groups of patients.

关键词： Periampullary Malignancies Endoscopic Ultrasound Celiac Plexus Neurolysis ERCP EUS-Bd EUS-GE

Quality of life and oral potentially malignant disorders: Critical appraisal and prospects

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018年第4期9卷 56-59页

作者： shailesh M Gondivkar Rahul R Bhowate Amol R Gadbail Sachin C Sarode Shankargouda Patil department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Government Dental College and Hospital department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital department of dentistry Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital department of Maxillofacial Surgery and diagnostic Sciences Division of Oral Pathology College of Dentistry Jazan University

Quality of life(QoL) is a vital and often required health outcome measure that is relevant to patient care. A healthy oral cavity enables person to perform daily activities without any limitations. However, any disturbance may result in impaired QoL. The oral health-remains an essential element of people's health and well-being. In recent years, the tradition of clinical practice and research has been changed by incorporating QoL assessment, as it helps in assessment of patients' needs and monitoring treatment responses. Oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMds) are a group of chronic disorders including oral leukoplakia(OL), oral lichen planus and oral submucous fibrosis(OSF). It is evident that patients with OPMds experience significant health-related symptoms, functional limitations and psycho-social impairment, compromising their Qo L. Moreover, the worsening of Qo L has been associated with advanced stages of OPMds. despite of increasing number of OPMd cases in recent decades, limited literature is available regarding QoL in this population. Although, there is higher prevalence of habit-related OPMds, particularly OSF and OL in Southern Asian countries, only a few studies have been performed in these populations. Moreover, these studies administered generic Qo L instruments, which offer less sensitivity to clinical changes. However, condition-specific instruments are more sensitive and allows better measurement of QoL. As the impacts of different conditions on OHRQoL may vary, the development and validation of a QoL instrument specific to each clinical entity of OPMds is currently needed.

关键词： Quality of life Oral potentially malignant disorders Oral submucous fibrosis Oral lichen planus Oral leukoplakia

Is laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery equal to open surgery? An evidence based perspective

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2010年第4期2卷 101-108页

作者： Beat M Künzli Helmut Friess shailesh V Shrikhande department of General Surgery Technische Universitt MünchenD-81675 MunichGermany department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial HospitalMumbai 400012India

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery(LCS) is an evolving *** studies show that LCS can not only offer safe surgery but evidence is growing that this new technique can be superior to classical open *** perioperative complications and faster postoperative recovery are regularly mentioned when studies of LCS are *** though the learning curve of LCS is frequently debated when limitations of laparoscopic surgeries are reviewed,studies show that in experienced hands LCS can be a safe procedure for colorectal cancer *** learning curve however,is associated with high conversion rates and economical aspects such as higher costs and prolonged hospital ***,laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery(LCCR) offers several advantages such as less co-morbidity and less postoperative pain in comparison with open ***,the good exposure of the pelvic cavity by laparoscopy and the magnification of anatomical structures seem to facilitate pelvic dissection ***,recent studies describe no difference in safety and oncological radicalness in LCCR compared to the open total mesorectal excision(TME).The oncological adequacy of LCCR still remains unproven today,because long-term results do not yet *** date,only a few studies have described the results of laparoscopic TME combined with preoperative adjuvant treatment for colorectal *** aim of this review is to examine the various areas of development and controversy of LCCR in comparison to the conventional open approach.

关键词： Anterior resection Total mesorectal excision Rectal cancer Laparoscopy Colorectal cancer Surgery

Appendiceal tie syndrome:A very rare complication of a common disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2015年第4期7卷 67-70页

作者： Laligen Awale Brikh Raj Joshi Saroj Rajbanshi shailesh Adhikary department of Surgery Gastrointestinal Surgery DivisionBP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences department of Surgery General Surgery DivisionB.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency that we encounter. Adynamic Intestinal obstruction due to appendicitis or its complication may be seen time and often. Mechanical obstruction because of appendicitis is uncommon and even rarer for a closed loop obstruction to occur. Although it was described as early as 1901, very few cases have been reported. We report the case of a 20 years male who presented with generalized colicky pain abdomen, abdominal distension, vomiting and obstipation for three to four days. Vital signs were stable. His abdomen was distended and peritonitic, especially in the right iliac fossa. Rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Blood tests were normal except for leucocytosis with neutrophilia. An abdominal X-ray finding was indicating a small bowel obstruction. A midline laparotomy was performed. On intraoperative examination, distended loops of small bowel from the jejunum to the distal ileum was observed, and a constricting ring around the terminal ileum created by a phlegmonous appendicitis with its tip adherent to the root of mesentery was found, obstructing an edematous loop of small bowel without signs of ischemia. As the bowel was viable simple appendectomy was done. Postoperatively, he had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after 3 d.

关键词： Appendicitis Appendicular band Intestinalobstruction Mechanical small bowel obstruction Closedloop obstruction

Valorisation of fruit waste for enhanced exopolysaccharide production by Xanthomonas campestries using statistical optimisation of medium and process

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 1014-1019页

作者： Avni Vaishnav Kinjal Upadhyay Manoj Koradiya devayani Tipre shailesh dave department of Microbiology School of ScienceGujarat UniversityAhmedabad380009GujaratIndia department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology St.Xavier’s CollegeAhmedabad380009GujaratIndia department of Microbiology L.J.Institutes of Applied SciencesS.G.RoadAhmedabad382210GujaratIndia Xavier Research Foundation Loyola Centre for R&DSt.Xavier’s College CampusAhmedabad380009GujaratIndia

The aim of this research work was to enhance the fermentative production of exopolysaccharide(EPS)with mixed fruit waste as a key *** campestries was isolated from spoiled orange and its EPS production efficiency was determined using EPS *** to optimisation,the production was 3.4 g/L,upon optimizing the medium the production improved to 9.2 g/*** medium formulation was studied by sequential addition of medium components and replacement of sugar with mixed fruit *** formulated medium,the production enhanced to 11.1 g/*** further optimisation,the response surface methodology was used,which resulted in the enhancement of production to 14.5 g/*** scale-up study was undertaken in a 10 L shake flask and *** 10 L flask EPS,production was 14.45 g/L in 100 h,whereas in 10 L fermenter it was 21.10 g/L in 60h *** optimisation studies gave nearly 500%(6.2fold)enhanced EPS production and dwindle in fermentation *** of sucrose with fruit waste extract made the process environment-friendly;omission of L-cystine and use of 50%reduced amount of sodium acetate in the medium lowered the production cost of *** developed process resulted in the utilization of fruit waste and was also useful in solving the fruit waste disposal problem.

关键词： Exopolysaccharide Mixed fruits waste Formulated medium Scale up Response surface methodology