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Drainage Network and Lineament Analysis:An Approach for Potwar Plateau(Northern Pakistan)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 14-24页

作者： Faisal shahzad Syed Amer mahmood Richard GLOAGUEN Remote Sensing Group Institute of GeologyFreiberg University of Mining and TechnologyFreiberg09599Germany.

Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for teetonogeomorphological analysis. Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units. This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data （SRTM-DEM） in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau. SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone （NPDZ） and southern Potwar platform zone （SPPZ）. We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law. Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area. DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns. We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects. The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters distinctive deformation and uplift rates suggest the among eastern, central and western parts. The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within I km of radius.

关键词： Drainage network lineaments streamprofile analysis uplift rate local correlation

CNR:A Cluster-Based Solution for Connectivity Restoration for Mobile WSNs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3413-3427页

作者： mahmood ul Hassan Amin Al-Awady Khalid mahmood shahzad Ali Ibrahim Algamdi Muhammad Kashif Saeed Safdar Zaman Department of Computer Skills Najran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTabarjal76769Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63317Saudi Arabia Federal Directorate of Education Department of Computer ScienceIslamabad44000Pakistan

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are an integral part of the Internet of Things(IoT)and are widely used in a plethora of ***,sensor networks operate in harsh environments where human intervention is often restricted,which makes battery replacement for sensor nodes *** failure due to battery drainage or harsh environmental conditions poses serious challenges to the connectivity of the *** a connectivity restoration mechanism,node failures ultimately lead to a network partition,which affects the basic function of the sensor ***,the research community actively concentrates on addressing and solving the challenges associated with connectivity restoration in sensor *** energy is a scarce resource in sensor networks,it becomes the focus of research,and researchers strive to propose new solutions that are energy *** common issue that is well studied and considered is how to increase the network’s life span by solving the node failure problem and achieving efficient energy *** paper introduces a Clusterbased Node Recovery(CNR)connectivity restoration mechanism based on the concept of *** is a well-known mechanism in sensor networks,and it is known for its energy-efficient operation and *** proposed technique utilizes a distributed cluster-based approach to identify the failed nodes,while Cluster Heads(CHs)play a significant role in the restoration of *** simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique and compare it with the existing *** simulation results show that the proposed technique efficiently addresses node failure and restores connectivity by moving fewer nodes than other existing connectivity restoration *** proposed mechanism also yields an improved field coverage as well as a lesser number of packets exchanged as compared to existing state-of-the-art mechanisms.

关键词： WSNs CHs CNR transmission range connectivity restoration node failure cluster communication range

Silymarin-laden PVP-PEG polymeric composite for enhanced aqueous solubility and dissolution rate: Preparation and in vitro characterization

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第1期9卷 34-39页

作者： Abid Mehmood Yousaf Usman Rashid Malik Yasser shahzad Tariq mahmood Talib Hussain Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University IslamabadLahore Campus Faculty of Pharmacy University of Central Punjab

The aim of this work was to develop, optimize and characterize a silymarin-laden polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-polyethylene glycol(PEG) polymeric composite to resolve low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate problem of the drug. A number of silymarin-laden polymeric formulations were fabricated with different quantities of PVP K-30 and PEG 6000 by the solvent-evaporation method. The effect of PVP K-30 and PEG 6000 on the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate was investigated. The optimized formulation and its constituents were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) techniques. Both the PEG 6000 and PVP K-30 positively affected the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. In particular, a formulation consisting of silymarin, PVP K-30 and PEG 6000(0.25/1.5/1.5, w/w/w) furnished the highest solubility(24.3972.95 mg/mL) and an excellent dissolution profile( $100% in 40 min). The solubility enhancement with this formulation was $ 1150-fold as compared to plain silymarin powder. Moreover, all the constituents existed in the amorphous state in this silymarin-laden PVP-PEG polymeric composite. Accordingly, this formulation might be a promising tool to administer silymarin with an enhanced effect via the oral route.

关键词： Silymarin Hydrophilic polymers Inclusion Solid dispersion Aqueous solubility Dissolution rate

An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： mahmood ul Hassan shahzad Ali Khalid mahmood Muhammad Kashif Saeed Amin Al-Awady Kamran Javed Ansar Munir Shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

Energy and flux measurements of laser-induced silver plasma ions by using Faraday cup

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第8期23卷 188-198页

作者： Muhammad Usman Aslam BHATTI Shazia BASHIR Asma HAYAT Khaliq mahmood Rana AYUB Mubashir JAVED Muhammad shahzad KHAN Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics(CASP) GC UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan

Silver(Ag)plasma has been generated by employing Nd:YAG laser(532 nm,6 ns)laser *** energy and flux of ions have been evaluated by using Faraday cup(FC)using time of flight(TOF)*** dual peak signals of fast and slow Ag plasma ions have been *** energy and flux of fast and slow ions tend to increase with increasing irradiance from 7 GW cm-2 to 17.9 GW cm-2 at all distances of FC from the target *** a decreasing trend of energies and flux of ions has been observed with increasing distance of FC from the *** maximum value of flux of the fast component is21.2×10^(10) cm^(-2),whereas for slow ions the maximum energy and flux values are 8.8 keV,8.2×10^(10) cm^(-2) *** the analysis of plume expansion dynamics,the angular distribution of ion flux measurement has also been *** overall analysis of both spatial and angular distributions of Ag ions revealed that the maximum flux of Ag plasma ions has been observed at an optimal angle of~15°.In order to confirm the ion acceleration by ambipolar field,the self-generated electric field(SGEF)measurements have also been performed by electric probe;these SGEF measurements tend to increase by increasing laser *** maximum value of 232 V m^(-1) has been obtained at a maximum laser irradiance of 17.9 GW cm^(-2).

关键词： laser ablation laser-induced plasma ions Faraday cup time of flight measurements self-generated electric field angular distribution

Facile Synthesis as well as Structural, Raman, Dielectric and Antibacterial Characteristics of Cu Doped ZnO Nanoparticles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第3期31卷 300-304页

作者： Javed Iqbal Nauman Safdar Tariq Jan Muhammad Ismail S.S.Hussain Arshad mahmood Shaheen shahzad Qaisar Mansoor Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology Department of Physics International Islamic University Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE) Nano Devices Labs National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP) Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology International Islamic University

Here, undoped and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles(NPs) have been prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results reveal that Cu ions are successfully doped into ZnO matrix without altering its wurtzite phase. The single wurtzite phase of ZnO is retained even for 10 wt% Cu doped ZnO sample. It is observed from the electron microscopy results that higher level of Cu doping varies the morphology of ZnO NPs from spherical to flat NPs. Moreover, the particle size is found to increase with the increase in Cu doping level. Raman spectroscopy results further confirm that Cu dopant has not altered the wurtzite structure of ZnO. Impedance spectroscopy results reveal that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss have increasing trend with Cu doping. Cu doping has been found to slightly decrease the bactericidal potency of ZnO nanoparticles.

关键词： Cu doped ZnO Nanoparticles Co-precipitation method

Improved-Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 845-858页

作者： Muhammad Shahzeb Ali Ali Alqahtani Ansar Munir Shah Adel Rajab mahmood Ul Hassan Asadullah Shaikh Khairan Rajab Basit shahzad Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan5932Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Engineering National University of Modern LanguagesIslamabad44000Pakistan

Throughout the use of the small battery-operated sensor nodes encou-rage us to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).The development of an energy-efficient routing protocol is a mainly adopted technique to enhance the lifetime of *** routing protocols are available,but the issue is still *** is one of the most important techniques in the existing routing *** the clustering-based model,the important thing is the selection of the cluster *** this paper,we have proposed a scheme that uses the bubble sort algorithm for cluster head selection by considering the remaining energy and the distance of the nodes in each ***,the bubble sort algorithm chose the two nodes with the maximum remaining energy in the cluster and chose a cluster head with a small *** proposed scheme performs hierarchal routing and direct routing with some energy *** simulation will be performed in MATLAB to justify its performance and results and compared with the ECHERP model to justify its ***,the simulations will be performed in two scenarios,gate-way-based and without gateway to achieve more energy-efficient results.

关键词： Bubble sort algorithm gateway energy thresholds wireless sensor networks

Intrusion Detection in 5G Cellular Network Using Machine Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 2439-2453页

作者： Ishtiaque mahmood Tahir Alyas Sagheer Abbas Tariq shahzad Qaiser Abbas Khmaies Ouahada Knowledge Unit of Systems and Technology UMT Sialkot CampusSialkot51040Pakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and EconomicsLahore54660Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal CampusSahiwal57000Pakistan Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Islamic University of Madinah Madinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science&IT University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science University of JohannesburgP.O Box 524Auckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa

Attacks on fully integrated servers,apps,and communication networks via the Internet of Things(IoT)are growing *** devices’effectiveness harms end users,increases cyber threats and identity theft,raises costs,and negatively impacts income as problems brought on by the Internet of Things network go unnoticed for extended *** on Internet of Things interfaces must be closely monitored in real time for effective safety and *** the 1,2,3,and 4G cellular networks,the 5th generation wireless 5G network is indeed the great invasion of mankind and is known as the global advancement of cellular *** to this day,experts are working on the evolution’s sixth generation(6G).It offers amazing capabilities for connecting everything,including gadgets and machines,with wavelengths ranging from 1 to 10 mm and frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 3 *** gives you the most recent *** countries have already established this technology within their *** is the most crucial aspect of using a 5G *** of the absence of study and network deployment,new technology first introduces new gaps for attackers and *** Protocol(IP)attacks and intrusion will become more prevalent in this *** efficient approach to detect intrusion in the 5G network using a Machine Learning algorithm will be provided in this *** research will highlight the high accuracy rate by validating it for unidentified and suspicious circumstances in the 5G network,such as intruder hackers/*** applying different machine learning algorithms,obtained the best result on Linear Regression Algorithm’s implementation on the dataset results in 92.12%on test data and 92.13%on train data with 92%precision.

关键词： Intrusion detection system machine learning confidentiality integrity availability

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Chemically Synthesized Pd-Modified NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2016年第2期29卷 245-248,I0002页

作者： Shahid Aatiq Shahid M. Ramay Asif mahmood SairaRiaza shahzad Naseem 巴基斯坦旁遮普邦大学固体物理卓越中心拉合尔100190 沙特阿拉伯沙特国王大学理学院物理与天文学系利雅得11421 沙特阿拉伯沙特国王大学工程学院化学工程系利雅得11421

Magnetic nanoparticles of NiFe2O4-Pd composites have been synthesized using a simple, low cost, sol-gel auto-combustion method. As-prepared samples were sintered at 800℃ for 6 h in order to develop the crystalline phase. X-ray diffraction confirmed the spinel structure of the ferrite samples. Structural morphology and size of the nanoparticles were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Magnetic hysteresis loops were obtained at 300 and 100 K using a physical properties measurement system. The value of saturation magnetization was observed to decrease at the temperatures with the increase of Pd contents up to 5% but then a sudden rise in saturation magnetization was observed for the addition of 10% Pd in NiFe2O4.

关键词： Magnetic nanoparticles Sol-gel auto-combustion Low temperature magneticproperty