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Evolution of Coulomb failure stress in Sulaiman Lobe,Pakistan,and its implications for seismic hazard assessment

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第2期7卷 282-294页

作者： Aiza Amjad muhammad shahid Riaz Urooj Shakir muhammad Younis khan muhammad Ali Shah Bahria School of Engineering and Applied Sciences H-11 CampusBahriaBahria UniversityIslamabadPakistan Centre for Earthquake Studies National Centre for PhysicsIslamabadPakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawarPakistan GIS and Space Applications in Geosciences(G-SAG)Lab National Center of GIS and Space Applications(NCGSA)IslamabadPakistan

In this research work,we present the evolution of Coulomb failure stress(CFS)in the Sulaiman Lobe and its implications for seismic hazard *** Chaman transform fault,~1,000 km long,is the major active fault that marks the western boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan on the Indian *** date,few studies have been conducted to unveil the interactions among earthquakes and the implications of these interactions for seismic hazard assessment in the *** thoroughly investigated the published and online catalog to construct a sequence of major earthquakes that occurred in this region during the *** final earthquake sequence was composed of 15 earthquakes of m_(w)≥6.0,beginning with the 1888 *** used the stress-triggering theory to numerically simulate the evolution of CFS caused by these *** numerical results revealed that 8 out of 15earthquakes were triggered by the preceding *** earthquakes in 1908,1910,1935,1966,and 1997 were rather independent earthquakes in this *** the epicenters of the 1975a and 1975b earthquakes were in the stress shadow zone,the partial rupture segments of both these earthquakes were in high-CFS *** CFS induced by the 1935 earthquake was notable,as it later triggered the 2008 ***,our results revealed that the northern segment of the Chaman Fault,the southern segment of the Ghazaband Fault,and the northwestern segment of the Urghargai Fault demonstrated a high change in CFS that could trigger seismicity in these *** necessary arrangements must therefore be made to mitigate any possible seismic hazards in the region.

关键词： Sulaiman Thrust Sulaiman Lobe earthquake triggering Coulomb failure stress seismic hazard assessment

Boron Application Improves Growth,Yield and Net Economic Return of Rice

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Rice science 2012年第3期19卷 259-262页

作者： mubshar HUSSAIN m.Ayaz khan m.Bismillah khan muhammad FAROOQ shahid FAROOQ University College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the role of boron （B） application at different growth stages in improving the growth,yield and net economic return of rice at farmer＇s fields during summer season,*** was soil applied （1.5 kg/hm2） at the transplanting,tillering,flowering and grain formation stages of rice;foliar applied （1.5% B solution） at the tillering,flowering and grain formation stages of rice,and dipped seedling roots in 1.5% B solution before transplanting;while control plots did not apply any *** application （except dipping of seedling roots in B solution,which caused toxicity and reduced the number of tillers and straw yield than control） substantially improved the rice growth and ***,soil application was better in improving the number of grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain yield,harvest index,net economic income and ratio of benefit to cost compared with the rest of ***,for improving rice performance and maximizing the net economic returns,B might be applied as soil application at flowering.

关键词： boron application economics rice yield

Structural and magnetic Properties of Chemically Synthesized Pd-modified NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2016年第2期29卷 245-248,I0002页

作者： shahid Aatiq shahid m. Ramay Asif mahmood SairaRiaza Shahzad Naseem 巴基斯坦旁遮普邦大学固体物理卓越中心拉合尔100190 沙特阿拉伯沙特国王大学理学院物理与天文学系利雅得11421 沙特阿拉伯沙特国王大学工程学院化学工程系利雅得11421

magnetic nanoparticles of NiFe2O4-Pd composites have been synthesized using a simple, low cost, sol-gel auto-combustion method. As-prepared samples were sintered at 800℃ for 6 h in order to develop the crystalline phase. X-ray diffraction confirmed the spinel structure of the ferrite samples. Structural morphology and size of the nanoparticles were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope. magnetic hysteresis loops were obtained at 300 and 100 K using a physical properties measurement system. The value of saturation magnetization was observed to decrease at the temperatures with the increase of Pd contents up to 5% but then a sudden rise in saturation magnetization was observed for the addition of 10% Pd in NiFe2O4.

关键词： magnetic nanoparticles Sol-gel auto-combustion Low temperature magneticproperty

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,electrical,and magnetic properties of Bi_(0.9)La_(0.1)FeO_3 by sol-gel synthesis

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2013年第2期20卷 166-171页

作者： Ghulam Ali Saadat A.Siddiqi shahid m.Ramay shahid Atiq murtaza Saleem Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical materials COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Chemical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud University

Cobalt （Co）-doped ***3 multiferroics were synthesized by a sol-gel method based on the auto- combustion technique. As-synthesized powder was examined using various characterization techniques to explore the effect of Co substitution on the properties of Bi0.9La0.1FeO3. X-ray diffraction reveals that Co-doped Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 preserves the perovskite-type rhombohedral structure of BiFeO3, and the composition without Co preserves the original structure of the phase; however, a second-phase Bi2Fe409 has been identified in all other compositions. Surface morphological studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy. Temperature-dependent resistivity of the samples reveals the characteristic insulating behavior of the multiferroic material. The resistivity is found to decrease with the increase both in temperature and Co content. Room temperature frequency-dependent dielectric measurements were also reported. magnetic measurements show the enhancement in magnetization with the increase in Co content.

关键词： multiferroics cobalt doping microstructure electric properties magnetic properties sol-gel process

Enhancing secrecy rates in a wiretap channel

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第1期6卷 129-135页

作者： shahid m.Shah Vinod Sharma Department of ECE Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India

Reliable communication imposes an upper limit on the achievable rate,namely the Shannon ***'s wiretap coding ensures a security constraint and reliability,but results in a decrease of achievable *** mitigate the loss in secrecy rate,we propose a coding scheme in which we use sufficiently old messages as key and prove that multiple messages are secure with respect to all the information possessed by the *** also show that we can achieve security in the strong ***,we study a fading wiretap channel with full channel state information of the eavesdropper's channel and use our coding/decoding scheme to achieve a secrecy capacity close to the Shannon capacity of the main channel(in the ergodic sense).Finally,we study a case where the transmitter does not have instantaneous information of the channel state of the eavesdropper,but only its distribution.

关键词： Physical layer security Rate loss Secret key Wiretap channel Secrecy capacity

Origin of Ferromagnetism in Al and Ni Co-doped ZnO Based DmS materials

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第10期29卷 155-157页

作者： murtaza Saleem Saadat A.Siddiqi shahid m.Ramay shahid Atiq Shahzad Naseem Centre for Solid State Physics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahore 54590Pakistan 2Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical MaterialsCOMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyDefence RoadOff Raiwind RoadLahorePakistan 3Department of Chemical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh 11421Saudi Arabia

Zn0.95Ni0.05O and Zn0.90Ni0.05Al0.05O compositions of nanocrystallites are synthesised using the well recognised auto-combustion *** x-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate the phase pure characteristic wurtzite-type crystal structure with space group P63mc in both the *** elemental incorporation of Ni and Al contents into the ZnO structure is confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray *** micrographs of scanning electron microscopy show an approximate ordered *** electrical resistivity is observed to decrease with the rising temperature,depicting the characteristic semiconductor behaviour of the *** lower values of resistivity and ferromagnetic interactions in the Al-doped sample correspond to an increase of carrier's *** is observed that the carrier mediated mechanism is mainly responsible for ferromagnetism in ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors.

关键词： resistivity diluted Origin

Role of Ion Beam Irradiation and Annealing Efect on the Deposition of AlON Nanolayers by Using Plasma Focus Device

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第11期15卷 1127-1135页

作者： I.A.khan R.S.RAWAT R.VERmA G.mACHARAGA R.AHmAD Z.A.UmAR m.A.K.shahid Department of Physics Government College University38000 Faisalabad Pakistan National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637616Singapore Department of Physics GC University54000 Lahore Pakistan

AlON nanolayers are synthesized on Al substrate by the irradiation of energetic nitrogen ions using plasma focusing. Samples are exposed to multiple （5, 10, 15, 20 and 25） focus shots. Ion energy and ion number density range from 80 keV to 1.4 meV and 5.6×10^19 m^- 3 to 1.3×10^19 m ^-3, respectively. moreover, the effect of continuous annealing （473 K and 523 K） on an AlN surface layer synthesized with 25 focus shots is also examined. The main features of the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns with increasing focus shots are：（i） variation in the crystallinity of AlN along （111）, （200） and （311） planes, （ii） increasing average crystallite size of AlN （111） plane, and （iii） stress relaxation observed in AlN （111） and （200） planes. The crystallinity of AlN surface layer is comparatively better at 473 K annealing temperature. A broadened diffraction peak related to an aluminium oxide phase showing weak crystallinity is observed for 15 focus shots while non-bounded oxides are present in all other deposited layers. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） analysis confirm the presence of AlN and Al203 for the surface layer annealed at 473 K temperature. Raman analysis shows that the overlapping of AlN and Al2Oa results in the development of residual stresses. Scanning electron microscope （SEm） results demonstrate that the formation of rounded grains （range from 20 nm to 200 nm） and variations in their microstructures features depend on the increasing number of focus shots. Decomposition of larger clusters into smaller ones is observed.

关键词： characterization XRD focus shots X-ray diffraction nucleation surface layer

Theoretical investigation of optical properties and band gap engineering for Zn1-xTmxTe(Tm=Fe,Co)alloys by modified Becke-Johnson potential

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第8期26卷 491-498页

作者： Q mahmood m Yaseen m Hassan shahid m Ramay Asif mahmood materials Growth and Simulation Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam Campus54590LahorePakistan Department Of Physlcs University of Agriculture UniversityFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Physics and Astronomy Department College of ScienceKing Sand UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The direct band gap ZnTe with transition metal （Tm） impurities plays a vital role in optoelectronic and spintronic applications. In the present study, we use the advanced modified Becke-Johnson （mBJ） functional for performing the structural computations and detailed investigations of the optical characters in Zn1_xTmxTe （Tm = Fe, Co） alloys with 0 ≤ x ≤1. By employing the FP-LAPW method, we determine various optical parameters for the ternary alloys and for the end binaries. The calculated static dielectric constants and optical band gaps for Zn1_xTmxTe （Tm = Fe, Co） have an inverse relation that verifies the Penn model. We find that the static dielectric constant is nearly equal to the square of the static refractive index, and both increase with Tm content. Furthermore, we also find a slight shift of peaks to a higher energy region with increasing Tm concentration. The decreasing band gap and high value of the absorption in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum make these alloys suitable for photonic and solar cell applications.

关键词： amorphous semiconductors transition metal-doped ZnTe structural computation optical property

Gastroenterology in developing countries:Issues and advances

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2839-2854页

作者： Kate L mandeville Justus Krabshuis Nimzing Gwamzhi Ladep Chris JJ mulder Eamonn mm Quigley shahid A khan Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences University College London Hampstead Campus Royal Free Hospital London NW3 2PF United Kingdom Highland Data Les Charleix 24390 Tourtoirac Dordogne France Department of medicine University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Plateau State P.M.B. 2076 Nigeria Department of Gastroenterology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam 1081 HV Holland World Gastroenterology Organisation and Department of medicine National University of Ireland Cork University Hospital Clinical Sciences Building Wilton Cork Ireland Department of Hepatology and Gastro-enterology Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Campus London W2 1NY United Kingdom

Developing countries shoulder a considerable burden of gastroenterological disease. Infectious diseases in particular cause enormous morbidity and mortality. Diseases which afflict both western and developing countries are often seen in more florid forms in poorer countries. Innovative techniques continuously improve and update gastroenterological practice. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment which are commonplace in the West, have yet to reach many developing countries. Clinical guidelines, based on these advances and collated in resource-rich environments, lose their relevance outside these settings. In this two-part review, we first highlight the global burden of gastroenterological disease in three major areas： diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis B, and Helicobacter pylori. Recent progress in their management is explored, with consideration of future solutions. The second part of the review focuses on the delivery of clinical services in developing countries. Inadequate numbers of healthcare workers hamper efforts to combat gastroenterological disease. Reasons for this shortage are examined, along with possibilities for increased specialist training. Endoscopy services, the mainstay of gastroenterology in the West, are in their infancy in many developing countries. The challenges faced by those se^ing up a service are illustrated by the example of a Nigerian endoscopy unit. Finally, we highlight the limited scope of many clinical guidelines produced in western countries. Guidelines which take account of resource limitations in the form of ＂cascades＂ are advocated in order to make these guidelines truly global. Recognition of the different working conditions facing practitioners worldwide is an important step towards narrowing the gap between gastroenterology in rich and poor countries.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Developing countries Gastrointestinal diseases Health care delivery Practice guidelines