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Evaluating the Im.act of Different Tillage Regim.s and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield Com.onents of m.ize (Zea m.ys L.)

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 789-797页

作者： m.ham.ad Naeem.shahid m. shahid Ibni Zam.r Ihtisham.Ul Haq m. Kam.an Khan m.zhar Hussain Usm.n Afzal m. Asim.Ihtisham.Ali Departm.nt of Agronom. University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

A field study to evaluate the im.act of different tillage regim.s and nitrogen levels on yield and yield com.onents of m.ize (Zea m.ys L.), was conducted during autum. 2014 at Students Farm. Departm.nt of Agronom., University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experim.nt was laid out in RCBD (Random.zed Com.lete Block Design), with split plot arrangem.nt having three replications. The experim.nt was com.rised of three tillage regim.s (m.nim.m. Conventional and Deep) and three nitrogen levels viz: 100, 200 and 300 kg•ha-1. Urea was used as a source of nitrogen, sulphate of potash as a source of potassium.and triple super phosphate as a source of phosphorous. The am.unt of phosphorous and potash was constant in all the treatm.nts i.e. 125 kg•ha-1 and 100 kg•ha-1 respectively. Results of present study are sum.arized as yield param.ters are significantly affected by different nitrogen levels and tillage regim.s. m.xim.m.num.er of plants at harvest (7.93), num.er of grain rows per cob (17.70), num.er of grains per row (34.31), num.er of grains per cob (678.58), and cob weight (187.50 g) were observed in deep tillage at 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application. 1000-grain weight (275.52 g), biological yield (15.66 t•ha-1), grain yield (6.16 t•ha-1) and dried stalk yield (9.91 t•ha-1) were observed m.xim.m.in deep tillage at 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application. Harvest index significantly affected by tillage regim.s and m.xim.m.harvest index (39.58%) were recorded in deep tillage which was statistically at par with conventional tillage (38.83%). It was concluded that higher grain yield of m.ize can be obtained by deep tillage with the application of 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application under the prevailing conditions of Faisalabad.

关键词： Tillage Regim.s Nitrogen Levels Deep Tillage Biological Yield Harvest Index

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Water resources response and prediction under clim.te change in Tao'er River Basin,Northeast China

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Journal of m.untain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2635-2645页

作者： SUN Jia-qi LI Hong-yan WANG Xiao-jun shahid Sliam.uddin College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environm.nt Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130021China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210029China Research Center for Clim.te Change Ministry of Water ResourcesNanjing 210029China School of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)81310Johor BahruMalaysia

Clim.te change has significantly affected hydrological processes and increased the frequency and severity of water shortage,droughts and floods in northeast China.A study has been conducted to quantify the influence of clim.te change on the hydrologic process in the Tao’er River Basin(TRB),one of the m.st prom.nent regions in northeast China for water *** Soil and Water Assessm.nt Tool(SWAT)m.del was calibrated and validated with observed land use and hydro-clim.tic data and then em.loyed for runoff sim.lations at upper,m.ddle and lower reaches of the river basin for different clim.te change *** results showed that a gradual increase in tem.erature and decrease in annual precipitation in the basin was projected for the period 2020-2050 for both representative concentration pathways(RCP)4.5 and 8.5 *** clim.te changes would cause a decrease in annual average runoff at basin outlet by 12 and 23 m.llion m.(3) for RCP4.5 and 8.5,*** future runoff in the upstream.and m.dstream.of the basin during 2020-2050 would be-10.8% and-12.1% lower than the observed runoff com.ared to the base period for RCP4.5,while those would be-5.3% and-10.7%lower for *** future runoff will decrease at three hydrology stations for the assum.d future clim.te *** results can help us understand the future tem.erature and precipitation trends and the hydrological cycle process under different clim.te change scenarios,and provide the basis for the rational allocation and m.nagem.nt of water resources under the influence of future clim.te change in the TRB.

关键词： Hydrological process sim.lation Clim.te change Clim.te scenario m.del SWAT m.del Tao’er River Basin

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Effect of fluence and am.ient environm.nt on the surface and structural m.dification of fem.osecond laser irradiated Ti

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第1期25卷 789-795页

作者： Um.-i-Kalsoom.Shazia Bashir Nisar Ali m.shahid Rafique Wolfgang Husinsky Chandra S R Nathala Sergey V m.karov Narjis Begum Institute for Applied Physics Vienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics GC University LahorePakistan Departm.nt of Physics The University of LahorePala'stan Departm.nt of Basic Sciences and Hum.nities University of Engineering and Technology FasalabadPakistan Departm.nt of Physics University of Engineering and Technology LahorePakistan P.N.Lebedev Physics Institute RAS MoscowRussia Departm.nt of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Under certain conditions, ultrafast pulsed laser interaction with m.tter leads to the form.tion of self-organized conical as well as periodic surface structures （com.only reffered to as, laser induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS）. The purpose of the present investigations is to explore the effect of fsec laser fluence and am.ient environm.nts （Vacuum.＆ 02） on the form.tion of LIPSS and conical structures on the Ti surface. The surface m.rphology was investigated by scanning electron m.croscope （SEm.. The ablation threshold with single and m.ltiple （N = 100） shots and the existence of an incubation effect was dem.nstrated by SEm.investigations for both the vacuum.and the 02 environm.nt. The phase analysis and chem.cal com.osition of the exposed targets were perform.d by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, respectively. SEm.investigations reveal the form.tion of LIPSS （nano ＆ m.cro）. FFT d-spacing calculations illustrate the dependence of periodicity on the fluence and am.ient environm.nt. The periodicity of nano-scale LIPSS is higher in the case of irradiation under vacuum.conditions as com.ared to 02. Furtherm.re, the 02 environm.nt reduces the ablation threshold. XRD data reveal that for the 02 environm.nt, new phases （oxides of Ti） are form.d. EDS analysis exhibits that after irradiation under vacuum.conditions, the percentage of im.urity elem.nt （A1） is reduced. The irradiation in the 02 environm.nt results in 15% atom.c diffusion of oxygen.

关键词： LIPSS ablation threshold incubation coefficient structural m.dification

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Fecal m.crobes, short chain fatty acids, and colorectal cancer across racial/ethnic groups

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第9期21卷 2759-2769页

作者： Christina m.Hester Venkatakrishna R Jala m.rgan GI Langille shahid Um.r K Allen Greiner Bodduluri Haribabu Departm.nt of Fam.ly m.dicine Research Division University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States University of Kansas Cancer Center University of Kansas m.dical Center Kansas CityKS 66160United States Jam.s Graham.Brown Cancer Center and Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202United States Departm.nt of Pharm.cology Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Departm.nt of m.lecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States

AIm.To investigate differences in m.crobes and short chain fatty acid(SCFA) levels in stool sam.les from.Hispanic and non-Hispanic African Am.rican,Am.rican Indian,and White ***:Stool sam.les from.twenty participants were subjected to analysis for relative levels of viable bacteria and for SCFA ***,the sam.les were subjected to 16 S r RNA gene pyrosequencing for identification of bacteria present in the *** used a m.tagenom. functional prediction technique to analyze genom. copy num.ers and estim.te the abundance of butyrate kinase in all ***:We found that African Am.ricans had significantly lower levels of acetate,butyrate,and total SCFAs than all other racial/ethnic *** also found that participant m.crobial profiles differed by racial/ethnic *** Am.ricans had significantly m.re Firm.cutes than Whites,with enriched *** Firm.cutes /Bacteroidetes ratio was also significantly higher for African Am.ricans than for Whites(P =0.049).We found Clostridium.levels to be significantly and inversely related to total SCFA levels(P =0.019) and we found Bacteroides to be positively associated(P =0.027) and Clostridium.to be negatively associated(P =0.012) with levels of *** also identified a correlation between copy num.er for a butyrate kinase predicted from.16 S r RNA gene abundance and levels of butyrate in ***:The identified differences in gut flora and SCFA levels m.y relate to colorectal cancer m.rtality differentials and m.y be useful as targets for future clinical and behavioral interventions.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Short chain fatty acids Racial/e

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Fem.osecond laser induced nanostructuring of zirconium.in liquid confined environm.nt

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第1期26卷 310-319页

作者： Nisar Ali Shazia Bashir Um.-i-Kalsoom.m.shahid Rafique Narjis Begum.Wolfgang Husinsky Ali Ajam. Chandra S.R.Natahala Laser Laboratories Institute for Applied Physics Vienna University of Technology 1040 Vienna Austria Departm.nt of Basic Sciences and Hum.nities University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus Faisalabad Pakistan Laser Laboratories Centre for Advanced Studies m Physics GC University 1-Church Road Lahore Pakistan Departm.nt of Physics GC University Kachehri Road Lahore Pakistan Departm.nt of Physics Riphah International University Islamahad (Lahore Campus) Lahore Pakistan Departm.nt of Physics University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan Departm.nt of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan

The surface, structural, and m.chanical properties of zirconium.after irradiation with Ti： sapphire laser（800 nm. 30 fs,1 k Hz） have been investigated. The zirconium.targets were exposed for a varying num.er of laser pulses ranging from.500 to 2000 at a fixed fluence of 3.6 J/cm.2 corresponding to an intensity of 1.2×10^14W/cm.2 in am.ient environm.nts of deionized water and propanol. A scanning electron m.croscope（SEm. was em.loyed to investigate the surface m.rphology of the irradiated zirconium. The SEm.analysis shows the form.tion of various kinds of features including nanoscale laser induced periodic surface structures（LIPSS）, sponge like surface structure, flakes, conical structures, droplets, pores, and cavities. The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analysis exhibits the variation in chem.cal com.osition along with an enhanced diffusion of oxygen under both am.ient conditions. The crystal structure and phase analyses of the exposed targets were explored by x-ray diffraction（XRD） and Ram.n spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The XRD analysis confirm. the presence of various phases of zirconium.hydride and zirconia after ablation in both de-ionized water and propanol. However, excessive hydrides are form.d in the case of propanol. The Ram.n analysis supports the EDS and XRD results. It also reveals the presence of oxides（zirconia） after irradiation in both de-ionized water and propanol *** chem.cal reactivity of zirconium.was significantly im.roved in the presence of liquids which were accountable for the growth of novel phases and m.dification in the chem.cal com.osition of the irradiated Zr. A nanohardness tester was em.loyed to m.asure the nanohardness of the laser treated targets. The initial increase and then decrease in nanohardness was observed with an increase in the num.er of laser pulses in the de-ionized water environm.nt. In the case of propanol,a continuous decrease in hardness was observed.

关键词： am.ient environm.nts periodic structure crystallinity synthesis

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The Kem.ny’s Constant and Spanning Trees of Hexagonal Ring Network

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6347-6365页

作者： shahid Zam.n Ali N.A.Koam.Ali Al Khabyah Ali Ahm.d Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of SialkotSialkot51310Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of ScienceJazan UniversityNew CampusSaudi Arabia College of Com.uter Sciences and Inform.tion Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

Spanning tree(τ)has an enorm.us application in com.uter science and chem.stry to determ.ne the geom.tric and dynam.cs analysis of com.act *** the field of m.dicines,it is helpful to recognize the epidem.ology of hepatitis C virus(HCV)*** the other hand,Kem.ny’s constant(Ω)is a beneficial quantifier characterizing the universal average activities of a m.rkov *** network invariant infers the expressions of the expected num.er of tim.-steps required to trace a random.y selected term.nus state since a fixed beginning state *** and Loizou determ.ned that the Kem.ny’s constant can also be obtained through *** by Levene and Loizou,we deduced the Kem.ny’s constant and the num.er of spanning trees of hexagonal ring network by their norm.lized Laplacian eigenvalues and the coefficients of the characteristic *** on the achieved results,entirely results are obtained for the m.ius hexagonal ring network.

关键词： m.trix Analysis hexagonal ring network Kem.ny’s constant Spanning tree

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Role of Ion Beam.Irradiation and Annealing Efect on the Deposition of AlON Nanolayers by Using Plasm. Focus Device

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2013年第11期15卷 1127-1135页

作者： I.A.KHAN R.S.RAWAT R.VERm. G.m.CHARAGA R.AHm.D Z.A.Um.R m.A.K.shahid Departm.nt of Physics Government College University38000 Faisalabad Pakistan National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637616Singapore Departm.nt of Physics GC University54000 Lahore Pakistan

AlON nanolayers are synthesized on Al substrate by the irradiation of energetic nitrogen ions using plasm. focusing. Sam.les are exposed to m.ltiple （5, 10, 15, 20 and 25） focus shots. Ion energy and ion num.er density range from.80 keV to 1.4 m.V and 5.6×10^19 m.- 3 to 1.3×10^19 m.^-3, respectively. m.reover, the effect of continuous annealing （473 K and 523 K） on an AlN surface layer synthesized with 25 focus shots is also exam.ned. The m.in features of the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns with increasing focus shots are：（i） variation in the crystallinity of AlN along （111）, （200） and （311） planes, （ii） increasing average crystallite size of AlN （111） plane, and （iii） stress relaxation observed in AlN （111） and （200） planes. The crystallinity of AlN surface layer is com.aratively better at 473 K annealing tem.erature. A broadened diffraction peak related to an alum.nium.oxide phase showing weak crystallinity is observed for 15 focus shots while non-bounded oxides are present in all other deposited layers. Ram.n and Fourier transform.infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） analysis confirm.the presence of AlN and Al203 for the surface layer annealed at 473 K tem.erature. Ram.n analysis shows that the overlapping of AlN and Al2Oa results in the developm.nt of residual stresses. Scanning electron m.croscope （SEm. results dem.nstrate that the form.tion of rounded grains （range from.20 nm.to 200 nm. and variations in their m.crostructures features depend on the increasing num.er of focus shots. Decom.osition of larger clusters into sm.ller ones is observed.

关键词： characterization XRD focus shots X-ray diffraction nucleation surface layer

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Large Scale m.ss m.vem.nts Triggered by the Kashm.r Earthquake 2005,Pakistan

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Journal of m.untain Science 2014年第1期11卷 19-30页

作者： m.ham.ad BASHARAT Joachim.ROHN m.rza shahid BAIG m.ham.ad Rustam.KHAN m.rkus SCHLEIER GeoZentrum.Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

The SPOT im.ge analysis in m.zaffarabad Azad Kashm.r,northwest Him.layas,Pakistan reveals that the Kashm.r earthquake 2005 triggered a num.er of coseism.c m.ss m.vem.nts along the hanging wall block of the m.zaffarabad *** Neelidandi and Langarpura rock falls have been identified as two m.jor reactivated m.ss m.vem.nts with an estim.ted volum. of 3.1 × 106m.and 5.76 × 106m.,*** Neelidandi and Langarpura m.ss m.vem.nts were initiated during earthquake in the direction of northwest-southeast extension and northeastsouthwest directed thrusting,*** Neelidandi rock fall occurred in sheared cherty dolom.tes and lim.stones of the Cam.rian m.zaffarabad Form.tion,whereas the Langarpura rock fall occurred in alternating clays,shales,claystones,siltstones and sandstones of the m.ocene m.rree *** rock units along the fault are highly fractured and *** geotechnical m.ps and geological longitudinal profiles show the relationship between the geom.trical characteristics and m.chanism.of these m.ss *** characteristics were analyzed according to the role of topographic,seism.c,geological and tectonic *** steep topography,sheared rocks,lithology,coseism.c uplift and strong ground shaking of the hanging wall block along m.zaffarabad Fault facilitated the gravity collapse of these m.ss m.vem.nts.

关键词： Coseism.c m.ss m.vem.nts Him.layas m.zaffarabad Fault Geological and tectonic factors Earthquake Rock fall

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Som.tic em.ryogenesis in wild relatives of cotton (Gossypium.Spp.)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biom.dicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第4期7卷 291-298页

作者： RAO Abdul Qayyum.HUSSAIN S. Sarfraz SHAHZAD m. Saqib BOKHARI S. Yassir Abbas RAZA m. Hashim.RAKHA Allah m.JEED A. shahid A. Ali SALEEm.Zafar HUSNAIN Tayyab RIAZUDDIN S. Institution Centre of Excellence in m.lecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore 53700 Pakistan

Wild cotton species can contribute a valuable gene pool for agronom.cally desirable cultivated tetraploid cultivars. In order to exploit diploid cotton a regeneration system.is required to achieve transform.tion based goals. The present studies aim.d at optim.zing the conditions for regeneration of local varieties as well as wild species of cotton. Different callus induction m.dia were tested with varying concentrations of horm.nes in which sucrose was used as nutritional source. Different explants (hypo-cotyls, cotyledon, root) were used to check the regeneration of both local cotton plants and wild relatives using T & G m.dium. BAP m.dium. CIm.m.dium. Em.S m.dium. and cell suspension m.dium. Different stages of em.ryogenicity such as early torpedo stage, late torpedo stage, heart stage, globular stage and cotyledonary stage were observed in wild relatives of cotton. The results of this study pave the way for establishing future transform.tion m.thods.

关键词： Cotton Callus Som.tic em.ryogenic Wild species Cell suspension culture

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Boron Application Im.roves Growth,Yield and Net Econom.c Return of Rice

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Rice science 2012年第3期19卷 259-262页

作者： m.bshar HUSSAIN m.Ayaz KHAN m.Bism.llah KHAN m.ham.ad FAROOQ shahid FAROOQ University College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Departm.nt of Agronom. University of Agriculture

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the role of boron （B） application at different growth stages in im.roving the growth,yield and net econom.c return of rice at farm.r＇s fields during sum.er season,*** was soil applied （1.5 kg/hm.） at the transplanting,tillering,flowering and grain form.tion stages of rice;foliar applied （1.5% B solution） at the tillering,flowering and grain form.tion stages of rice,and dipped seedling roots in 1.5% B solution before transplanting;while control plots did not apply any *** application （except dipping of seedling roots in B solution,which caused toxicity and reduced the num.er of tillers and straw yield than control） substantially im.roved the rice growth and ***,soil application was better in im.roving the num.er of grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain yield,harvest index,net econom.c incom. and ratio of benefit to cost com.ared with the rest of ***,for im.roving rice perform.nce and m.xim.zing the net econom.c returns,B m.ght be applied as soil application at flowering.

关键词： boron application econom.cs rice yield

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