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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 118-124页

作者： Abdul Majeed Atif Muhmood Abid Niaz shahid javid Zahid Ashfaq Ahmad Syed shahid Hussain Shah Asrar Hussain Shah Soil Chemistry Section Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

Conventional flat planting is commonly used for growing wheat in Pakistan and the crop is irrigated by flood irrigation, but it leads to ineffective use of applied nitrogen owing to poor aeration and leaching and volatilization losses. The practice also results in greater crop lodging, lower water use efficiency, and crusting of the soil surface. In contrast, bed planting of wheat not only saves water but improves fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. Three years of pooled data from the present study showed that wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha-1produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate. Similarly, 25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting. Wheat planting on beds with a nitrogen application of80 kg ha-1gave a yield similar to that of flat planting with 120 kg ha-1nitrogen. However,the economic return was 29% higher in bed planting as compared to flat planting, when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha-1.

关键词： Bed and flat planting N uptake N use efficiency Grain yield

Influence of P-enriched compost application on economics and P use efficiency of a maize–wheat rotation system

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The Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 651-658页

作者： Abdul Majeed Shahzada Munawar Mehdi Abid Niaz Abid Mahmood Ehsan-Ul-Haq Naeem Ahmad shahid javid Atif Mehmood Sugarcane Research Institute Faisalabad Ayub Agricultural Research InstitutePunjabPakistan Soil Fertility Research Institute LahoreAyub Agricultural Research InstitutePunjabPakistan Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research InstitutePunjabPakistan Ayub Agricultural Research Institute PunjabPakistan Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory Raiwind LahorePunjabPakistan Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy Ministry of AgricultureCollege of EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Crop phosphorus(P) deficiency and poor utilization of added P is a major agricultural problem due to reduced solubility of soil P and rapid fixation or precipitation of applied P fertilizer in alkaline and calcareous soils. The effects of P-enriched compost and single superphosphate(SSP) fertilization on maize and wheat yields and P use efficiency in a maize–wheat rotation system were studied for three years. On a three-year average, grain yields of maize and wheat after application of P-enriched compost were increased by 18% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with sole addition of a recommended dose of SSP fertilizer. P-enriched compost addition to soil increased maize and wheat yields by 12% and 17%, respectively, compared to P fertilizer plus FYM incorporation. Soil available P concentration and P uptake were affected significantly by the addition of P-enriched compost. On average, increases in P recovery, use efficiency, and agronomic efficiency of 52%, 18%, and 43% were recorded in maize and increases of 50%, 23%, and 49% in wheat. P-enriched compost application yielded 30% and 32%higher economic returns in maize and wheat than SSP fertilization alone.

关键词： P-enriched compost Maize Wheat Farmyard manure P-uptake

Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage in Assessment of Obesity Prevalence in Saudi Adults

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期26卷 94-99页

作者： Syed shahid HABIB Department of Physiology College of Medicine&King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud University

Objective To assess the obesity prevalence in body mass index （BMI） and body fat percentage Saudi adults according to the international standards of （BF%）. Methods Five hundred and thirty healthy Saudi adults aged 18-72 years （mean 36.91＋15.22 years） were enrolled in this study. Their body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impendence analysis with a commercially available body composition analyzer. Standard BMI and BF% values were used to define obesity. Results The prevalence of underweight, normal underweight, overweight and obesity in Saudi adults according to the BMI criteria （〈18.5 kg/mz, 18.5-24.4 kg/m2, 25-29.9 kg/m2, 30 k＆/m2 and above, respectively） was 2.5%, 30.2%, 33.6%, and 33.8%, respectively, whereas the obesity prevalence was 60% （n=31g） in Saudi adults according to the BF% criteria （25% for males and 30% for females）, which was significantly higher than that according to BMI criteria. However, it was 50.6% （n=268） when the BMI cutoff point was 27.5 kg/m2, proposed by WHO for the Asian population. Kappa analysis showed that the obesity prevalence defined by BMI and BF% was higher in females than in males （k=0.530 vs k=0.418, P〈O.O001）. The sensitivity and specificity of BMI （30 kg/m2 and 27.5 kg/m2） were 54.1% and 96.7% and 76.4% and 88.2%, respectively, for obesity. A lower BMI cutoff point （26.60 kg/m2） was proposed in this study, which gave the maximum sensitivity （84.3%） and specificity （85.4%）, with a moderate kappa agreement （k=0.686）. Moreover, the obesity prevalence at this cutoff point （56.4%） was significantly higher than that recommended by WHO. Conclusion The specificity of BMI for obesity is high and its sensitivity is low in both sexes. Its sensitivity can be increased by changing BMI cutoff to a lower value. The choice of BF% reference is of great influence for the assessment of obesity prevalence according to the BMI.

关键词： Body composition Obesity Body mass index Body fat percentage Kappa analysis

Algebraic Characterization of SSC of Uni-Cyclic Multigraphs

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Algebra Colloquium 2023年第2期30卷 325-338页

作者： Imran Ahmed shahid Muhmood Department of Mathematics COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusLahorePakistan

We introduce first the spanning simplicial complex(SSC)of a multigraph g,which gives a generalization of the SSC associated with a simple graph *** properties are discussed for the SSC of a family of uni-cyclic multigraphs U_(n)^(r),m with n edges including r multiple edges within and outside the cycle of length m,which are then used to compute the f-vector and Hilbert series of face ring k[△s(U_(n)^(r),m)]for the SSC △s(U_(n)^(r),m)(un,m).Moreover,we find the associated primes of the facet ideal I_(F)(△s(U_(n)^(r),m).Finally,we device a formula for homology groups of △s(U_(n)^(r),m) prove that the SsC of a family of uni-cyclic multigraphs is Cohen-Macaulay.

关键词： simplicial complexes spanning trees Hilbert series vertex covers Betti numbers

Heavy Metal/Metalloid Indexing and Balances in Agricultural Soils: Methodological Approach for Research

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第12期91卷 2687-2697页

作者： shahid Hussain Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan

Heavy metal(loid)accumulation in agricultural soils is a threat to the soil capacity,quality,and *** also increases human exposure to heavy metal(loid)s via consumption of contaminated plant-based *** detrimental effects of soil contamination also deteriorate the environment of plants and *** sustainable agriculture,therefore,the soil must be protected from toxic levels of heavy metal(loid)*** on heavy metal(loid)balances in agricultural soils are important in predicting future risks to sustainable production from agro-ecological zones and human exposure to heavy metal(loid)*** latest and continuous indexing of the problem seems a prerequisite for sustainable *** review provides some background information and then summarizes key methodological approaches for studies on indexing and balance of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural *** the end,important soil and health indices are explained that may be useful in understanding the extent of the *** provided information would contribute to sustainable heavy metal(loid)management in the agricultural soils,high crop production,better soil protection,and ultimately to human health.

关键词： Food crops health risks soil contamination sustainable agriculture

Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 27-43页

作者： Tasiu Isah shahid Umar Department of Botany School of Chemical and Life SciencesHamdard University

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of *** is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion *** in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied *** of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of *** from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter *** of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal *** on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro *** results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.

关键词： Micropropagation Micro shoot Plantlets Chonemorpha fragrans Plant physiology Albino shoot Basal callus PGRs(plant growth regulators) Antioxidants

Determination of the desiccation behavior of clay slurries

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第6期27卷 981-988页

作者： Khan Faseel Suleman Azam shahid Environmental Systems Engineering University of Regina Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada

The main objective of this study was to determine the desiccation behavior of clay slurries. A clay slurry with high water adsorption capacity(W_L = 180%,W_P 60%,W_s = 20) was used to determine the soil water characteristic curve(SWCC), shrinkage curve, and hydraulic conductivity. The last parameter was determined similar to the Instantaneous Profile Method using evaporation tests. Results indicated that the clay slurry had an air entry value(AEV) of 1000 kPa and a residual suction of 5000 kPa that occurred at the plastic limit and the shrinkage limit, respectively. The discrepancy between theoretical and measured shrinkage limit was due to the gradual increase in clay particle contact. Unlike soils, the saturated hydraulic conductivity varied by two orders of magnitude(4×10 ~10 m/s at 20 kPa to 3 x 10 ~12 m/s at AEV). The unsaturated k further decreased to 10 ~14 m/s at 6 x 10~4 kPa beyond which vapor flow took place.

关键词： Clay slurry Soil water characteristic curve Shrinkage curve Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity Instantaneous Profile Method

APPLICATION OF IMPROVED PRODUCTION ACTIVITY CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR SHOP FLOOR INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DIGITAL MANUFACTURING

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006年第4期19卷 483-486页

作者： shahid Ikramullah Butt School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081China

Shop floor control （SFC） is responsible for the coordination and control of the manufacturing physical and information flow within the shop floor in the manufacturing system. Weaknesses of the production activity control （PAC） architecture of the shop floor are addressed by the Maglica＇s new system architecture. This architecture gives rise to unlimited number of movers and producers thus evolving more complex but decentralized architecture. Beijing Institute of Technology - production activity control （BIT-PAC） architecture introduces an idea of sub-producars and sub-movers thus reducing the complexity of the architecture. All the equipments including sub-producars and sub-movers are considered to be passive in the proposed shop floor information system. The dissemination of information from sub-producers and sub-movers is done manually through a PC. Proposed BIT-PAC SFC architecture facilitates the information flow from shop floor to the other area of the organization. Effective use of interact information services （IIS） and SQL2000 is done along with the *** technology to implement the application logic. Applicability of the software based on BIT-PAC architecture is checked by running application software on a network PC that supports the dynamic flow of information from sub-producers and sub-movers to the other parts of the organization. Use of software is also shown at the end for BIT training workshop thus supporting the use of SFC architecture for similar kind of environments.

关键词： Shop floor information system (SFIS) Production activity control(PAC)Shop floor control(SFC) Digital manufacturing

Liver parasites:A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 8-15页

作者： Yumna shahid Bushra Emman Shahab Abid Department of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyAga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan Aga Khan Medical College Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan

Parasites have coexisted with humans throughout history,forming either symbiotic relationships or causing significant morbidity and *** liver is particularly vulnerable to parasitic infections,which can reside in,pass through,or be transported to the liver,leading to severe *** editorial explores various parasites that infect the liver,their clinical implications,and diagnostic considerations,as discussed in the article“Parasites of the liver:A global problem?”.Parasites reach the liver primarily through oral ingestion,mucosal penetration,or the bloodstream,with some larvae even penetrating the *** parasites such as cestodes(Echinococcus),trematodes(Clonorchis,Opisthorchis),nematodes(Ascaris),and protozoa(Entamoeba histolytica)can also cause systemic infections like visceral leishmaniasis,malaria,cryptosporidiosis,and *** infections like clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are linked to persistent hepatobiliary inflammation,potentially progressing to cholangiocarcinoma,a fatal bile duct cancer,particularly prevalent in Southeast *** global nature of liver parasite infestations is alarming,with hundreds of millions affected ***,control over treatment quality remains *** the significant public health threat posed by these parasites,international medical organizations must prioritize improved diagnosis,treatment,and preventive *** educational efforts and enhancing healthcare provider training are critical steps toward mitigating the global impact of parasitic liver diseases.

关键词： Liver flukes Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes Protozoa Parasites