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Source of fiber influences growth,immune responses,gut barrier function and microbiota in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 315-325页

作者： Qinghui Shang Hansuo Liu Di Wu shad mahfuz Xiangshu Piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

This study examined the impacts of different fiber sources on growth,immune status and gut health in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free *** piglets(BW=8.18±1.35 kg)were assigned to 3 dietary treatments based on BW and gender in a randomized complete block design(5 replicates/treatment and 4 piglets[2 barrows and 2 gilts]/replicate):(1)an antibiotic-free diet(control,CON);(2)CON+6%wheat bran(WB);(3)CON+4%sugar beet pulp(SBP).Dietary WB supplementation tended to increase ADG compared with CON from d 1 to 14(P-0.051)and from d 1 to 28(P-0.099).Supplementation of WB increased(P<0.05)G∶F compared with CON and SBP from d 1 to 14 and from d 1 to *** with CON,the addition of WB reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea rate from d 1 to 14 and tended(P=0.054)to reduce diarrhea rate from d 1 to *** addition of WB decreased(P<0.05)serum diamine oxidase activity on d 14,and up-regulated(P<0.05)ileal mRNA levels of occludin on d 28 when compared with *** fed WB showed decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 levels compared to those fed SBP and decreased(P<0.05)ileal interleukin-8 levels compared to those fed CON and SBP on d ***-mentation of WB increased(P<0.05)serum levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG and IgM compared with SBP on d 14,and increased(P<0.05)the levels of serum IgA and ileal sIgA compared with CON and SBP on d *** fed WB showed an enhanced(P<0.05)α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed SBP,while piglets fed SBP showed reduced(P<0.05)α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed *** with CON,the addition of WB elevated(P<0.05)the abundance of Lachnospira and cecal butyric acid *** fed WB also showed increased(P<0.05)abundances of Lachnospira and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae compared with those fed ***,the supplementation of WB to antibiotic-free diets improved performance,immune responses,gut barrier function and microbiota compared with the CON and SBP fed ***,supplementing weaned piglets w

关键词： Antibiotic-free diet Fiber source Growth performance Intestinal health Weaned piglet

Natural capsicum extract replacing chlortetracycline enhances performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,and gut health in weaned pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 305-314页

作者： Shenfei Long Sujie Liu Jian Wang shad mahfuz Xiangshu Piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of natural capsicum extract(NCE,containing 2%natural capsaicin,the rest is carrier)replacing chlortetracycline(CTC)on performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,inflammatory cytokines,and gut health in weaned pigs.A total of 108 weaned pigs(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire],initial body weight-8.68±1.34 kg;weaned on d 28)were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).The treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet as a control group(CON),a CTC group(basal diet+CTC at 75 mg/kg),and a NCE group(basal diet--NEC at 80 mg/kg).Compared with CON and CTC,NCE had increased(P<0.05)average daily gain in phase 2(d 15 to 28)and overall(d 1 to 28),and higher(P<0.05)apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy,dry matter,crude protein,and organic matter in phase 1(d 1 to 14).These pigs also had increased(P<0.05)pancrelipase activity in pancreas,α-amylase,lipase and protease activities in the jejunal mucosa,and lipase activity in the ileal mucosa on d ***,NCE had increased(P<0.05)the contents of growth hormone,β-endorphin,5-hydroxytryptamine,total antioxidant capacity,total superoxide dismutase,catalase,and IL-10,as well as decreased(P<0.05)contents of malondialdehyde,tumor nuclear factor-a,interferon-y,and interleukin-6 in serum on d 28 compared with CON and *** showed higher(P<0.05)propionic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids(VFA)contents,and increased(P<0.05)relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in colon,as well as higher(P<0.05)propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids in cecum on d 28 compared with *** conclusion,NCE replacing CTC could enhance performance via improving digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant capacity,anti-inflammatory function,gut VFA composition and microbiota community in weaned pigs,and it could be used as a potential target for the development of feed additives.

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Chlortetracycline Natural capsicum extract Performance Weaned pig

The interaction among gut microbes,the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 159-174页

作者： Jiayu Ma Xiangshu Piao shad mahfuz Shenfei Long Jian Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Nutrition Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet 3100Bangladesh

The mammalian gut is inhabited by a massive and complicated microbial community, in which the hostachieves a stable symbiotic environment through the interdependence, coordination, reciprocal constraintsand participation in an immune response. The interaction between the host gut and themicrobiota is essential for maintaining and achieving the homeostasis of the organism. Consequently, guthomeostasis is pivotal in safeguarding the growth and development and potential productive performanceof the host. As metabolites of microorganisms, short chain fatty acids are not only the preferredenergy metabolic feedstock for host intestinal epithelial cells, but also exert vital effects on antioxidantsand the regulation of intestinal community homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the effects of intestinalmicroorganisms on the host gut and the mechanisms of action of short chain fatty acids on the fourintestinal barriers of the organism, which will shed light on the manipulation of the intestinal communityto achieve precise nutrition for specific individuals and provide a novel perspective for theprevention and treatment of diseases.

关键词： Short chain fatty acids Gut microbiota Intestinal barrier Intestinal epithelium cells Interaction mechanism

Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile,inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1370-1383页

作者： Qinghui Shang Sujie Liu Hansuo Liu shad mahfuz Xiangshu Piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijing 100193China

Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic *** fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products,with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary *** study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition,serum biochemical parameters,inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to ***:Forty-five multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;3–6 parity)were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation(d 21 post-farrowing):a control diet(CON,a corn-soybean meal diet),a sugar beet pulp diet(SBP,20%SBP during gestation and 10%SBP during lactation),and a wheat bran diet(WB,30%WB during gestation and 15%WB during lactation).Results:Compared with CON,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)lactation BW loss,reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol,non-esterified fatty acids,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and increased(P<0.05)fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation,while supplementation of WB reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation,increased(P<0.05)fecal water content and decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of *** addition,sows fed SBP had lower(P<0.01)abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON,but had greater(P<0.05)abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of *** d 21 of lactation,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus,but enriched(P<0.05)the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with

关键词： Dietary fiber source Gut microbiota Inflammatory response Serum biochemical profile Sow

Mixed organic acids as an alternative to antibiotics improve serum biochemical parameters and intestinal health of weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 737-749页

作者： Jiayu Ma Xiangshu Piao Qinghui Shang Shenfei Long Sujie Liu shad mahfuz State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The primary aim of this experiment was to critically explore the relationship between the different levels of mixed organic acids(MOA)and growth performance,serum antioxidant status and intestinal health of weaned piglets,as well as to investigate the potential possibility of MOA alternative to antibiotics growth promoters(AGP).A total of 180 healthy piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire];weighing 7.81±1.51 kg each,weaned at d 28)were randomly divided into 5 treatments:1)basal diet(CON);2)CON+chlorinomycin(75 mg/kg)+virginiamycin(15 mg/kg)+guitaromycin(50 mg/kg)(AGP);3)CON+MOA(3,000 mg/kg)(OA1);4)CON+MOA(5,000 mg/kg)(OA2);5)CON+MOA(7,000 mg/kg)(OA3).This study design included 6 replicates per treatment with 6 piglets per pen(barrow:gilt=1:1)and the experiment was separated into phase 1(d 1 to 14)and phase 2(d 15 to 28).In phases 1,2 and overall,compared with the CON,the feed conversion ratio(FCR)was reduced(P<0.01)and the average daily gain(ADG)was increased(P<0.05)in piglets supplemented with AGP,OA1 and *** con-centration of serum immunoglobulins G(IgG)was improved(P<0.05)in piglets supplemented with OA2 in phase *** the jejunum and ileum,the villus height:crypt depth ratio was significantly increased(P<0.01)in piglets fed AGP and *** mRNA expression level of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)(P<0.01)was up-regulated in piglets supplemented with OA1 and *** piglets fed AGP,OA1 and OA2 showed an increase(P<0.05)in the content of acetate acid and total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)in the cecum,and butyric acid and TVFA in the colon compared with ***,OA1 lowered(P<0.05)the content of Lachnospiraceae in *** results demonstrated that MOA at 3,000 or 5,000 mg/kg could be an alternative to antibiotics due to the positive effects on performance,immune parameters,and intestinal health of weaned ***,from the results of the quadratic fitting curve,it is inferred that MOA at a dose of 4,000 mg/kg may produce a better effect.

关键词： Weaned piglet Organic acid Growth performance Intestinal health

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小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏多糖体外抗氧化活性分析

中国农业大学学报 2018年第12期23卷 50-58页

作者：任桂红苗月李肖宏 mahfuz shad 甄东宋慧吉林农业大学生命科学院长春130118 北华大学理学院吉林吉林132013 食药用菌教育部工程研究中心长春130118 锡尔赫特农业大学动物营养系孟加拉锡尔赫特3100

为研究小刺猴头菌[Hericium caput-medusae(Bull.:Fr.)Pers]发酵浸膏多糖的抗氧化活性。以工厂化小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏为原料,采用透析法分级,DEAE sepharose fast flow柱层析纯化,分别获得粗多糖组分HFCP1和中性多糖HFCP1-1;通过PMP柱前... 详细信息

为研究小刺猴头菌[Hericium caput-medusae(Bull.:Fr.)Pers]发酵浸膏多糖的抗氧化活性。以工厂化小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏为原料,采用透析法分级,DEAE sepharose fast flow柱层析纯化,分别获得粗多糖组分HFCP1和中性多糖HFCP1-1;通过PMP柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法和红外光谱法对单糖组成和结构进行分析,单糖组成均以葡萄糖和半乳糖为主。化学法检测多糖抗氧化活性,结果显示:HFCP1和HFCP1-1清除羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate,ABTS+)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)的IC50值分别为7.66和6.77mg/mL、6.16和5.30mg/mL、0.63和0.85mg/mL、0.39和2.62mg/mL。以RAW264.7细胞建立H2O2诱导损伤模型,细胞抗氧化结果表明:HFCP1和HFCP1-1处理组与模型组相比均显著增强细胞活力(P0.05)。

关键词：小刺猴头菌多糖清除自由基 RAW264.7巨噬细胞抗氧化酶

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome From Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 54-56页

作者： Vaishnavi Jagat Patel Jennifer Vu Gisela Mercado Sreenivas Avula shad Deering University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine San AntonioTX 78235USA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX 77030USA Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of Radiology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of OB/GYN Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of OB/GYN Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

To editor:Wernicke encephalopathy(WE)is an acute neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamine),with a prevalence of 1.3%in autopsy studies.1 Eighty-four percent of patients with WE will develop Korsakoff syndrome,which is characterized by amnesia and confusion.2 Although WE is more common in alcoholics,it can also be caused by vomiting,malnourishment,and other situations.

关键词： Hyperemesis gravidarum Wernicke's encephalopathy Pregnancy complication Wernicke-korsakoff

水稻花粉小肽锌指蛋白基因OsFLZ13功能研究

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作物学报 2024年第3期50卷 543-555页

作者：张丽洁周海宇 MUHAMMAD Zeshan MUNSIF Ali shad 杨明冲李波韩世健张翠翠胡利华王令强广西大学亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室广西南宁530004 广西大学农学院广西南宁530004 广西大学生命科学技术学院广西南宁530004

FCS样锌指蛋白(FLZ)与植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫反应相关。水稻的FLZ基因家族分析和功能研究较少。本研究利用TBtools对水稻基因组Blast,鉴定到29个OsFLZ家族基因成员,并分析了相关基因位置、基因结构、motif和启动子顺式作用元件等特... 详细信息

FCS样锌指蛋白(FLZ)与植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫反应相关。水稻的FLZ基因家族分析和功能研究较少。本研究利用TBtools对水稻基因组Blast,鉴定到29个OsFLZ家族基因成员,并分析了相关基因位置、基因结构、motif和启动子顺式作用元件等特征。随后,通过水稻CREP数据库研究了FLZ家族成员的全生育期组织表达模式,并发现其中的OsFLZ13基因在开花前的花药中特异高水平表达。随后β-D-葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)染色显示,OsFLZ13在花药发育的第8阶段开始表达,并在开花前的第14阶段表达量最高。用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑获得的突变体植株结实率显著下降。相比野生型中花11的94%结实率,Osflz13-1和Osflz13-2的结实率分别只有44%和36%。本研究表明OsFLZ13参与花药发育以及花粉育性的调控,为进一步研究该基因及其家族基因的功能提供参考,同时对水稻雄性不育利用具有潜在的价值。

关键词：水稻花粉结实率 FLZ基因家族

Evaluation of sample scale effect on geomechanical tests

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Petroleum Research 2022年第4期7卷 527-535页

作者： Maryam Kashfi Saeed shad Davood Zivar Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyTehranIran PanTerra Geoconsultants B.V LeiderdorpNetherlands

The size of the rock specimen affects the stress concentrates in the vicinity of the top/bottom of the rock specimen during the evaluation of the geomechanical parameters in the laboratory,which causes un-reliable ***,the appropriate size for geomechanical evaluation is not well understood yet because of limitations in the sampling and *** this study,a series of numerical simulations using a finite element package was conducted to investigate the effect of sample aspect ratio,fluid saturation,and porosity,on the mechanical behavior of the rock under elastic and poroelastic *** addition,two concepts,stress/strain homogeneity index(SHI)and representative elementary volume(REV),were developed to find out the appropriate sample *** results show that the presence of stiff platens,which are dissimilar to the specimen material,causes significant stress concentration in the two ends of the *** concentration of stress in the specimen reduces when the aspect ratio *** optimum aspect ratio(length-to-diameter equal to 3)was observed by SHI analysis which after that the changes in stress concentration are *** REV size analysis confirms the obtained optimum aspect ratio by SHI *** saturated specimens show a lower magnitude of stress than applied stress because of the presence of pore pressure,which can carry a portion of the *** higher void ratio results in lower strength of the *** study could be beneficial for the better design of geomechanical tests to have reliable results.

关键词： Geomechanics Stress concentration Stress/strain homogeneity index Representative elementary volume(REV) Poroelastic Scale dependency