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Comprehensive reutilization of herbal waste:Coproduction of magnolol,honokiol,and β-amyrin from Magnolia officinalis residue

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 403-412页

作者： Lukun Xiao Anyi Zhao Jie Qiu An Liu sha Chen Jinzhu Jiang Jun Zhang Cong Guo Jipeng Di Jintang Cheng Chang Chen Kangxin Hou Aiping Zhang Yan Liu Caixia Wang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100700China School of Pharmacy Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China

Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource *** this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an *** reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid ***,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast *** total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.

关键词： Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR) Comprehensive utilization Metal-organic frame material Biosynthesis

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多模态磁共振成像在儿童癫痫中的应用进展

中华实用儿科临床杂志 2024年第7期39卷 556-560页

作者：梁莎林剑军卢科宇广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院放射科南宁

癫痫是一种广泛存在的神经系统疾病, 任何可能影响脑结构和功能的病理过程均可引起发作。它并不代表一种独特的实体, 而是一组不同的病理。早发现、早诊断是控制癫痫进展、改善预后的关键。磁共振成像(MRI)因无电离辐射损伤、极佳的软... 详细信息

癫痫是一种广泛存在的神经系统疾病, 任何可能影响脑结构和功能的病理过程均可引起发作。它并不代表一种独特的实体, 而是一组不同的病理。早发现、早诊断是控制癫痫进展、改善预后的关键。磁共振成像(MRI)因无电离辐射损伤、极佳的软组织分辨力及空间分辨率, 是临床公认的癫痫检查方法。随着磁共振设备的升级及新型成像技术的开放应用, 如综合多种磁共振序列的多模态MRI, 以其多参数成像、高空间分辨率, 彻底改变了检测病变的能力, 使得在解剖结构、分子水平、生化代谢各个方面对癫痫的认识取得了长足的进步。现就多模态MRI技术在儿童癫痫的应用进展进行综述。

关键词：癫痫磁共振成像功能成像儿童

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旅游疗愈理论:构成系统与作用机制

旅游学刊 2024年第3期39卷 35-47页

作者：杨振之沙莎四川大学旅游学院四川成都610065 成都中医药大学养生康复学院四川成都611137

文章基于多学科交叉研究,提出了旅游疗愈理论,构建了由“天”“地”“人”三大系统及其构成要素,以及“天人地交互效应”作用机制组成的旅游疗愈理论模型,阐述了各构成要素之间的内在生成机制,以及对人体健康提升的作用路径,为进一步了... 详细信息

文章基于多学科交叉研究,提出了旅游疗愈理论,构建了由“天”“地”“人”三大系统及其构成要素,以及“天人地交互效应”作用机制组成的旅游疗愈理论模型,阐述了各构成要素之间的内在生成机制,以及对人体健康提升的作用路径,为进一步了解“天”“地”与“人”的健康互动关系提供了理论支撑。受旅游疗愈主体“人”的健康需求驱动,会产生此类“应时而宜”的康复性旅游流动,让人“远离”惯常环境中的“烦”与“身心不适”,置身于“迷人”的环境中,会产生更多的非定向注意力和健康效益,进而提升生命质量,实现健康的体魄在诗与远方遨游。该研究进一步发掘了旅游的社会价值和社会贡献,使更多符合游客健康需求的产品供给、资源利用、空间开发成为可能,从而促进旅游学与生命科学的跨学科理论实践。

关键词：旅游疗愈构成系统作用机制康复性旅游流动

微塑料和菲对土壤化学性质、酶活性及微生物群落的影响

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环境科学 2024年第1期45卷 496-507页

作者：刘沙沙秦建桥吴贤格肇庆学院环境与化学工程学院广东省环境健康与资源利用重点实验室肇庆526061

微塑料和多环芳烃(PAHs)因在土壤环境中广泛存在及其潜在生态风险而受到越来越多的关注.然而,关于微塑料-PAHs复合污染对土壤生态系统的影响鲜有报道.选用聚乙烯(PE)/聚丙烯(PP)和菲(PHE)作为微塑料和PAHs的代表,进行为期300d的微宇宙... 详细信息

微塑料和多环芳烃(PAHs)因在土壤环境中广泛存在及其潜在生态风险而受到越来越多的关注.然而,关于微塑料-PAHs复合污染对土壤生态系统的影响鲜有报道.选用聚乙烯(PE)/聚丙烯(PP)和菲(PHE)作为微塑料和PAHs的代表,进行为期300d的微宇宙培养实验,利用土壤农业化学分析方法和16S扩增子测序技术研究PE/PP和PHE的单一和复合污染对土壤化学特性、酶活性和微生物群落(数量、结构、功能)的影响,分析PE/PP和PHE存在下土壤性质、酶活性和菌群的互作关系.结果表明,PE/PP和PHE的单一和复合污染对土壤pH值、有效磷(AP)和微生物(细菌、放线菌、霉菌)数量没有产生明显影响,但显著提高了荧光素二乙酸酯酶(FDAse)活性;PE、PP、PHE-PE和PHE-PP的添加显著增加了土壤有机质(SOM)含量和脲酶活性,PHE、PHEPE和PHE-PP显著增强了脱氢酶和磷酸酶活性及速效氮(AN)含量;PHE的添加对微生物群落影响不大,PE、PP、PHE-PE和PHE-PP对群落产生了一定的影响.PE/PP和PHE能够促进微生物产生能量、生长和繁殖,加快污染物的代谢/降解和细胞膜转运等功能.PE/PP和PHE引起的AN和SOM变化是影响土壤酶活性的关键因子,AN、AP和pH的改变是微生物数量增加的主要原因;微生物群落结构的改变与土壤化学性质、酶活性具有一定的相关性,其中SOM对菌群的影响达到了显著水平,土壤中不同碳源(PE/PP和PHE)的存在及菌与菌之间的互作关系也会影响微生物群落的组成.综上,PE/PP和PHE通过改变土壤化学性质、酶活性和微生物群落及其互作过程来促进菌群适应污染物胁迫.

关键词：微塑料菲(PHE) 土壤性质酶活性微生物群落

流动作为方法:数字游民在中国乡村——以光山数字游民基地为例

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新闻界 2024年第4期 28-35,47页

作者：沙垚中国社会科学院大学新闻传播学院北京100021 中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所北京100021

近年来,数字游民的概念和模式在乡村振兴领域颇受欢迎,但舶来的数字游民本质上是一个互联网产品,乡村在其框架中更多是作为文化和生态的空间消费场景而出现的,青年与乡村很难有深刻的互动。但是,在该概念旅行的过程中,一些数字游民基地... 详细信息

近年来,数字游民的概念和模式在乡村振兴领域颇受欢迎,但舶来的数字游民本质上是一个互联网产品,乡村在其框架中更多是作为文化和生态的空间消费场景而出现的,青年与乡村很难有深刻的互动。但是,在该概念旅行的过程中,一些数字游民基地也开始了本土化的调试。通过对这些新实践的田野观察,研究发现:中国乡村的数字游民基地建设,不再将互联网逻辑作为主导性逻辑,而是以县域高质量发展中的问题为导向,结合乡村振兴战略,致力于解决青年入乡的最后一公里问题,在创造青年和乡村见面机会的同时,探索性地发展出兼具城乡要素的融合式的生产生活新方式,以青年流动为方法,破解城乡之间资源要素双向流动的难题。聚焦流动,也是在理论层面重返传播。

关键词：数字游民流动乡村振兴城乡融合

Near infrared emissions from both high efficient quantum cutting (173%) and nearly-pure-color upconversion in NaY(WO_(4))_(2):Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) with thermal management capability for silicon-based solar cells

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 113-126页

作者： Duan Gao Baojiu Chen Xuezhu sha Yuhang Zhang Xin Chen Li Wang Xizhen Zhang Jinsu Zhang Yongze Cao Yichao Wang Lei Li Xiangping Li Sai Xu Hongquan Yu Lihong Cheng School of Science Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026 LiaoningChina

Raising photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing heat management are two critical concerns for siliconbased solar *** this work,efficient Yb^(3+) infrared emissions from both quantum cutting and upconversion were demonstrated by adjusting Er^(3+) and Yb^(3+) concentrations,and thermo-manage-applicable temperature sensing based on the luminescence intensity ratio of two super-low thermal quenching levels was discovered in an Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) codoped tungstate *** quantum cutting mechanism was clearly decrypted as a two-step energy transfer process from Er^(3+) to Yb^(3+).The two-step energy transfer efficiencies,the radiative and nonradiative transition rates of all interested 4 f levels of Er^(3+) in NaY(WO_(4))_(2) were confirmed in the framework of Föster-Dexter theory,Judd-Ofelt theory,and energy gap law,and based on these obtained efficiencies and rates the quantum cutting efficiency was furthermore determined to be as high as 173%in NaY(WO_(4))_(2):5 mol%Er^(3+)/50 mol%Yb^(3+) *** and nearly pure infrared upconversion emission of Yb3+under 1550 nm excitation was achieved in Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)co-doped NaY(WO_(4))_(2) by adjusting Yb^(3+) doping *** Yb^(3+) induced infrared upconversion emission enhancement was attributed to the efficient energy transfer ^(4)I_(11/2)(Er^(3+))+^(2)F_(7/2)(Yb^(3+))→^(4)I_(15/2)(Er^(3+))+^(2)F_(5/2)(Yb^(3+))and large nonradiative relaxation rate of ^(4)I_(9/2).Analysis on the temperature sensing indicated that the NaY(WO_(4))_(2):Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)serves well the solar cells as thermos-managing ***,it was confirmed that the fluorescence thermal quenching of ^(2)H_(11/2)/^(4)S_(3/2) was caused by the nonradiative relaxation of ^(4)S_(3/2).All the obtained results suggest that NaY(WO_(4))_(2):Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+) is an excellent material for silicon-based solar cells to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and thermal management.

关键词： quantum thermal relaxation

Surface plasmon decorated InGaO deep-UV photodetector array for image sensing and water quality monitoring via highly effective hot electron excitation and interfacial injection

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2449-2460页

作者： SHU LinCong sha ShuLin XI ZhaoYing LI Lei YAO SuHao ZHANG JiaHan JI XueQiang ZHANG shaohui BIAN Ang JIANG MingMing GUO YuFeng TANG WeiHua LIU Zeng Innovation Center of Gallium Oxide Semiconductor (IC-GAO) College of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Science MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of Electronic Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University School of Integrated Circuits Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering Guangdong Academy of Sciences School of Science Jiangsu University of Science and Technology

In addition to the plasmon-mediated resonant coupling mechanism, the excitation of hot electron induced by plasmon presents a promising path for developing high-performance optoelectronic devices tailored for various applications. This study introduces a sophisticated design for a solar-blind ultraviolet（UV） detector array using linear In-doped Ga2O3（InGaO） modulated by platinum（Pt） nanoparticles（PtNPs）. The construction of this array involves depositing a thin film of Ga2O3through the plasmonenhanced chemical vapor deposition（PECVD） technique. Subsequently, PtNPs were synthesized via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and annealing process. The performance of these highly uniform arrays is significantly enhanced owing to the generation of high-energy hot electrons. This process is facilitated by non-radiative decay processes induced by PtNPs. Notably,the array achieves maximum responsivity（R） of 353 mA/W, external quantum efficiency（EQE） of 173%, detectivity（D*） of approximately 1013Jones, and photoconductive gain of 1.58. In addition, the standard deviation for photocurrent stays below17% for more than 80% of the array units within the array. Subsequently, the application of this array extends to photon detection in the deep-UV（DUV） range. This includes critical areas such as imaging sensing and water quality monitoring. By leveraging surface plasmon coupling, the array achieves high-performance DUV photon detection. This approach enables a broad spectrum of practical applications, underscoring the significant potential of this technology for the advancement of DUV detectors.

关键词： InGaO PECVD surface plasmon solar-blind UV photodetector array optoelectronic applications

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自然的几何化:切萨尔皮诺的植物分类思想

科学技术哲学研究 2024年第2期41卷 93-100页

作者：杨莎西北大学科学史高等研究院西安710127

意大利植物学家切萨尔皮诺通常被认为是近现代植物分类学的奠基者,是植物分类学史上“第一个真正的体系构建者”。他在构建体系时将亚里士多德先验原则与他观察、解剖植物的实际经验相结合,采用逻辑划分法,以结实部分的形态为主要分类... 详细信息

意大利植物学家切萨尔皮诺通常被认为是近现代植物分类学的奠基者,是植物分类学史上“第一个真正的体系构建者”。他在构建体系时将亚里士多德先验原则与他观察、解剖植物的实际经验相结合,采用逻辑划分法,以结实部分的形态为主要分类依据。由于采用了划分法,其体系常被后来学者诟病“不自然”,但事实上切萨尔皮诺也清楚这一点,只是当时所知植物数量有限,他没有太多选择。切萨尔皮诺对植物分类学更重要的贡献在于将分类依据限于植物的几何形态方面,排除了颜色、生境、用途等属性,这点与当时学者对“形式”概念的发展密切相关。依据形态分类并用数学语言来描述形态,这意味着欧洲16—17世纪对生物体的研究同样受到了数学化、几何化潮流的影响。

关键词：切萨尔皮诺植物分类学史自然的几何化形式本质

High dimensional proteomic mapping of bone marrow immune characteristics in immune thrombocytopenia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1635-1647页

作者： Feng-Qi Liu Qing-Yuan Qu Ying Lei Qi Chen Yu-Xiu Chen Meng-Lin Li Xue-Yan Sun Ye-Jun Wu Qiu-sha Huang Hai-Xia Fu Yuan Kong Yue-Ying Li Qian-Fei Wang Xiao-Jun Huang Xiao-hui Zhang Peking University People’s Hospital Peking University Institute of HematologyBeijing 100044China Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Beijing 100044China National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease Beijing 100044China Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology Peking UniversityBeijing 100044China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100074China State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China

To investigate the role of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules on immune tolerance in immune thrombocytopenia(ITP),this study mapped the immune cell heterogeneity in the bone marrow of ITP at the single-cell level using Cytometry by Time of Flight(CyTOF).Thirtysix patients with ITP and nine healthy volunteers were enrolled in the *** soluble immunomodulatory molecules,more sCD25 and sGalectin-9 were detected in ITP *** the cell surface,co-stimulatory molecules like ICOS and HVEM were observed to be upregulated in mainly central memory and effector T *** contrast,co-inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4 were significantly reduced in Th1 and Th17 cell *** a platelet count of 30×10^(9)L^(−1)as the cutoff value,ITP patients with high and low platelet counts showed different T cell immune ***-presenting cells such as monocytes and B cells may regulate the activation of T cells through CTLA-4/CD86 and HVEM/BTLA interactions,respectively,and participate in the pathogenesis of *** conclusion,the proteomic and soluble molecular profiles brought insight into the interaction and modulation of immune cells in the bone marrow of *** may offer novel targets to develop personalized immunotherapies.

关键词： immune thrombocytopenia autoimmune diseases co-stimulatory co-inhibitory immune checkpoint CTLA4 Cytometry by Time of Flight bone marrow