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Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diffusion of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Cameroon

Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第7期10卷 103-115页

作者： severin loul Abel Wade Alexandre Michel Njan Nlôga Ministry of Livestock Fisheries and Animals Industries Yaounde Cameroon Center of Research on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases Yaounde Cameroon National Veterinary Laboratory Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI;37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI;57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. Sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI;6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI;62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI;37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI;11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4;p i.e. 3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90;p i.e. 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85;p i.e. 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.

关键词： Small Ruminants Sero-Prevalence Risk Factors Peste des Petits Ruminants Cameroon

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Technological Impact on the Quality of Palm Oil from Burundi: Elaeis guineensis, Variety of Dura and Tenera

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 759-769页

作者： severin Sindayikengera Jean Felix Karikurubu Josiane Manirakiza Dévote Ndayikengurukiye Michel Baseka Prudent Nsabiyumva Jonathan Niyukuri Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Food Science and Technology Research Center-CRSTA University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Burundi Bureau of Standards and Quality Control (BBN) Bujumbura Burundi Department of Health and Animal Productions Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Research Centre for Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences-CRAVE University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

The objective of this study is to determine the factors responsible for the acidification of Burundi palm oils. The investigation of the duration of fermentation of palm fruits performed among artisanal producers found that more than 89% of producers from commune of Rumonge ferment for more than 5 days while more than 61% of those from commune of Mutimbuzi ferment for 4 days. The determination of acid value using the method of ISO 660:2009 showed that Dura and Tenera varieties fermented for 4 days had respectively 5.9 ± 2.3 and 5.8 ± 1.8 mg of KOH/g of oil for clustered fruits, 7.03 ± 3.4 and 7.02 ± 3.2 mg of KOH/g for destemmed fruits. After 8 days, the acid values of Dura and Tenera varieties obtained were respectively 10.9 ± 4.7 and 12.5 ± 5.4 mg KOH/g for clustered fruits, 12.5 ± 5.4 and 12.5 ± 4.1 mg KOH/g for destemmed fruits. No significant difference was recorded between varieties. On the other hand, a highly significant difference at p < 0.05 was obtained between fruits fermented in the open air (e.g. around the foot of the oil palm, FFOA), in a shed when the fruits were not covered (SFNC) and in a shed when the fruits were covered by branches or straw (SFC). At 8 days of fermentation, the acid values of FFOA, SFNC and SFC were 9.1 ± 0.7 < 12.6 ± 0.8 < 17.7 ± 1.4 for destemmed fruit and 9.1 ± 0.7 < 13.2 ± 1.3 < 13.2 ± 3.2 for clustered fruit, respectively. In light of these results, the acidity of Rumonge palm oil is probably due to the long fermentation time and the technique of covering the fruits during fermentation. These results will allow producers to extract good quality oil and consequently improve the health of consumers.

关键词： Burundi Dura Tenera Acid Value Oil Palm

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Urological Emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第5期14卷 333-345页

作者： Roland Bertile Banga-Mouss Yannick Dimi Nyanga Irène Ondima Armel Melvin Atipo Ondongo Steve Aristide Ondziel-Opara Joseph Junior Damba Nick Arnaud Monabeka Christ Ondzé Daniella Gloire Ngassiele Gidmard Onguele Henock Songa Jetsvy Mayala Anani Wensels severin Odzebe Prosper Alain Bouya Departement of Urology and Andrology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Urological emergencies play a significant role in the medical and surgical activity of a urology department. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital prevalence of urological emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (CHUB), identify the different pathologies requiring urgent care, and list the various therapeutic methods. Patients and methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted to the medical and surgical emergencies department of CHUB over a 5-year period. Patient records admitted and treated for a urological emergency were included. The variables studied were the frequency of urological emergencies, patient age at admission, gender, nature of the emergency, and various therapeutic options. Results: Urological emergencies accounted for 4.3% of all medical and surgical emergencies. The mean age was 57 ± 28 years with a range of 3 to 93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 7.1. The most common conditions were urinary retention (54.67%), hematuria (17.20%), and renal colic (8.13%). Therapeutically, surgical urinary drainage was dominated by cystostomy. Conclusion: Urological emergencies are infrequent at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Their management is often delayed.

关键词： Urological Emergencies Urinary Retention Hematuria Renal Colic

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A transmission dynamics model of COVID-19:Case of Cameroon

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 211-249页

作者： Calvin Tadmon severin Foko Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangP.O.Box:67DschangCameroon The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 1134151TriesteItaly

In this work,we propose and investigate an ordinary differential equations model describing the spread of COVID-19 in *** model takes into account the asymptomatic,unreported symptomatic,quarantine,hospitalized individuals and the amount of virus in the environment,for evaluating their impact on the transmission of the *** establishing the basic properties of the model,we compute the control reproduction number Rc and show that the disease dies out whenever Rc1 and is endemic whenever Rc>***,an optimal control problem is derived and investigated theoretically by mainly relying on Pontryagin's maximum *** illustrate the theoretical analysis by presenting some graphical results.

关键词： COVID-19 ODE model Global stability Lyapunov function Optimal control

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Refinement of Bouguer anomalies derived from the EGM2008 model,impact on gravimetric signatures in mountainous region:Case of Cameroon Volcanic Line,Central Africa

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第6期4卷 639-650页

作者： Paul Gautier Kamto Cyrille Mezoue Adiang severin Nguiya Joseph Kamguia Loudi Yap Geodesy Research Laboratory National Institute of Cartography(NIC)YaoundeCameroon Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde ICameroon Laboratory E3M Faculty of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of DoualaCameroon Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaCameroon

Global geopotential models have not included the very high frequencies of the Earth’s external gravity *** is called omission *** omission error becomes more important in mountainous areas(areas with highly variable topography).The work reported here consists in reducing the omission error in measurements of Bouguer gravity anomalies,by refining the global geopotential model EGM2008 using the spectral enhancement *** method consists in computing the residual terrain effects and then coupling them to the gravimetric signal of the global geopotential *** compute the residual terrain effects,we used the Residual Terrain Model(RTM)*** refine it required a reference surface(ETOPO1)developed up to degree 2190(the maximum degree of the EGM2008 model)and a detailed elevation model(AW3D30).Computation was performed with the TC program of the GRAVSOFT *** topography of the study area was assumed to have a constant density of 2670 kg/*** the inner and outer zones,the respective integration radii of 10 km and 200 km have been *** obtained very important RTM values ranging from−53.59 to 34.79 *** values were added to the gravity anomalies grid of the EGM2008 model to improve accuracy at high *** a part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and its surroundings(mountainous area),we made a comparison between the residual Bouguer anomalies before and after *** report differences ranging from−37.40 to 26.40 *** conclude that the impact of omission error on gravimetric signatures is observed especially in areas with high variable topography,such as on the Cameroon Volcanic Line and around the localities of Takamanda,Essu,Dumbo,and *** finding illustrates the great influence that topography has on accurate measurement of these gravity anomalies,and thus why topography must be taken into *** can conclude that in preparing a global geopotential model,a high resolution DTM must be used to decrease

关键词： residual Terrain Model EGM2008 Omission error refined Bouguer anomalies mountainous area

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Fitness costs of reflex bleeding in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis: the role of parental effects

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1346-1359页

作者： Mohamed H.Bayoumy Naoya Osawa severin Hatt Faculty of Agriculture Economic Entomology DepartmentMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt Laboratory of Forest Ecology Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Reflex bleeding is an important antipredator defense mechanism in *** examined the costs of reflex bleeding in larval and adult stages of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis on offspring fitness and reproductive performance through the comparisons between bled and control larvae,reciprocal crosses of bled/control beetles,and early and late clutch *** bled during their larval stage spent a longer time in development and weighed less than *** fertility was reduced for crosses where either one or both parents had been bled during the larval or adult *** crosses that included a parent bled during the larval stage suffered fitness costs in development and female body mass,while those bled during the adult stage suffered no transgenerational *** that suffered bleeding during their larval stage accelerated progeny development of nonbled females in early clutches,suggesting a positive transgenerational effect of larval bleeding,while males that did not suffer bleeding accelerated progeny development of bled females in later *** the underlying effects of bleeding on females'offspring in the early clutches were diminished in the late ones,suggesting another transgenerational *** strengths of maternal and paternal effects on progeny development of parents bled at the larval stage were higher in earlier *** study suggests that *** adults are less affected than larvae by the frequent use of the defensive secretions in their stressful habitats.

关键词： alkaloids development intraguild predation maternal reproduction mating transgenerational effects

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Data-driven comparison of federated learning and model personalization for electric load forecasting

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 3-16页

作者： Fabian Widmer severin Nowak Benjamin Bowler Patrick Huber Antonios Papaemmanouil Lucerne University of Applied Science and Arts Institute of Electrical EngineeringCompetence Center Digital Energy and Electric PowerTechnikumsstrasse 216048HorwLucerneSwitzerland

Residential short-term electric load forecasting is essential in modern decentralized power *** forecasting methods mostly rely on neural networks and require access to private and sensitive electric load data for model *** neural network training aggregates all data on a centralized server to train one global ***,the aggregation of user data introduces security and data privacy *** contrast,this study investigates the modern neural network training methods of federated learning and model personalization as potential solutions to security and data privacy *** an extensive simulation approach,the investigated methods are compared to the conventional centralized method and a pre-trained baseline predictor to compare their respective *** study identifies that the underlying data structure of electric load data has a significant influence on the loss of a *** therefore conclude that a comparison of loss distributions will in fact be considered a comparison of data structures,rather than a comparison of the model *** an alternative method of comparison of loss values,this study develops the"differential comparison".The method allows for the isolated comparison of model loss differences by only comparing the losses of two models generated by the same data sample to build a distribution of *** differential comparison method was then used to identify model personalization as the best performing model training method for load forecasting among all analyzed methods,with a superior performance in 59.1%of all cases.

关键词： Federated learning Machine learning Model personalization Temporal convolutional network Electric load forecast Differential comparison

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INTERACTIVE KNOWLEDGE LEARNING BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SMALLHOLDERS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 648-653页

作者： Weili ZHANG Renlian ZHANG Hongjie JI Anja severin Zhaojun LI Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China. Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Faculty Technical University of MunichMunich 80333Germany

Enhancement of farming management relies heavily on enhancing farmer *** the past,both the direct learning approach and the personnel extension system for improving fertilization practices of smallholders has proven insufficiently ***,this article proposes an interactive knowledge learning approach using artificial intelligence as a promising *** system consists of two *** first is a dialog interface that accepts information from farmers about their current farming *** second part is an intelligent decision system,which categorizes the information provided by farmers in two *** first consists of onfarm constraints,such as fertilizer resources,split application times and *** second comprises knowledge-based practices by farmers,such as nutrient in-and output balance,ratios of different nutrients and the ratios of each split nutrient amount to the total nutrient *** interactive knowledge learning approach aims to identify and rectify incorrect practices in the knowledge-based category while considering the farmer's available finance,labor,and fertilizer *** show that the interactive knowledge learning approach can make a strong contribution to prevention of the overuse of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,and mitigating agricultural non-point sourcepollution.

关键词： finance prevention farming

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Floristic composition,growth temperament and conservation status of woody plant species in the Cameroonian tropical rainforests

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 694-710页

作者： Olivier Clovis Kengne Samuel severin Kenfack Feukeng Eric Tchatchouang Ngansop Raissa Gwladys Daghela Meyan‑ya Louis Zapfack Department of Life and Earth Sciences Higher Teachers’Training CollegeUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 55MarouaCameroon Department of Plant Biology University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development(IRAD) National Herbarium of CameroonP.O.Box 1601YaoundéCameroon Department of Plant Biology University of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812YaoundéCameroon

Introduction:Cameroon’s tropical rainforests are nowadays strewn with rural forests maintained by local popula‑tions;however,these forests are not officially recognized in the non‑permanent forest *** forests are non‑delimited riparian areas within the dense moist forest,reserved for rural housing,agricultural activities and agroforestry practices,freely exploited by the local communities for their livelihood without them having any rights to artisanal and commercial *** study aimed at contributing to the flora knowledge and the conservation state of woody plant species in *** study was carried out in two rural forests located in the Eastern and Southern agroforestry zones of ***:The method adopted for floristic inventories combined a fixed area sampling unit and a variable area sampling *** individuals with diameter at breast height(dbh)<3.2 cm were counted and shrubs of 3.2≤dbh<10 cm were measured to analyse the understorey,while trees with dbh≥10 cm were measured and identified to characterize the ***:In the Essiengbot‑Mbankoho rural forest in Eastern Cameroon,468 species belonging to 61 families were recorded in the understory while 227 species belonging to 53 families were identified at the canopy level.A total of 40(7.68%)threatened species,18(3.45%)Near Threatened species and 408(78.31%)Least Concern species were *** the Nbgwassa‑Opkweng rural forest in Southern Cameroon,534 species belonging to 64 families were identified in the understory while 225 species belonging to 43 families were recorded in the canopy.A total of 54(9.69%)threatened species,25(4.49%)Near Threatened species and 421(75.58%)Least Concern species were identified in this ***’s diversity indices were above five in the understories and canopies of both ***‑bearer species were the most represented in the understories while the non‑pioneer light‑demanding and shade‑bearer species were the most abundant in

关键词： Floristic composition Rural forest Growth temperament Understory Canopy Conservation status

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New Dendroclimatological Research of Oak(Quercus robur Lat.)in the Area of Sumadija-Central Serbia

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Open Journal of Forestry 2019年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： severin Sikanja Faculty for Applied Ecology Futura Singidunum UniversityBelgradeSerbia

In this scientific paper, a complete field of research will be presented, with a detailed dendroclimatology of work, with final results, and conclusions. The research area is named as: “ROGOT”, and within the Forestry Office “Kragujevac” (Serbia), one of the holdings of J.P. Serbia-Forest. An oak tree (Quercus robur Lat.) will be analyzed, and this 30-tree will be arranged in three experimental fields. It should be emphasized that in each experimental field, 5 trees of generative, and 5 trees of deciduous origin will be analyzed, (10 trees per field, total of 30 trees) in order to exclude the genetic basis of variability. Luznjak’s forests are in a dense garden unit of approximate age close to 80 years, which is a good starting point for dendroclimate analysis. The work also analyzes the density of wood, and it has been proven that the density of wood of oak varies, depending on the climate change. Finally, the most appropriate statistical data processing is done. In the end, it was concluded that the research was successful, and that oak (Quercus robur Lat.) was proved to be an excellent indicator of climate change. Climate change is a very important topic in the world today.

关键词： Dendroclimatology Climatic Changes Oak Tree Šumadija

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