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Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2341-2352页

作者： Byungchang Jin Rajan Singh Se Eun Ha Hannah Zogg Paul J Park seungil ro Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada School of MedicineRenoNV 89557United States Department of Medicine Renown HealthRenoNV 89557United States

Gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms,such as diarrhea,abdominal pain,vomiting,and anorexia,are frequently observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these GI symptoms to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections remain *** studies indicate that the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into intestinal cells leads to downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptors resulting in impaired barrier *** intestinal ACE2 functions as a chaperone for the amino acid transporter B0AT1,the B0AT1/ACE2 complex within the intestinal epithelium acts as a regulator of gut microbiota composition and *** to the B0AT1/ACE2 complex lead to microbial dysbiosis through increased local and systemic immune *** studies have also suggested that altered serotonin metabolism may be the underlying cause of GI disorders involving *** findings of elevated plasma serotonin levels and high fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients with diarrhea indicate that the viral infection evokes a systemic inflammatory response that specifically involves the ***,the elevated proinflammatory cytokines correlate with elevated serotonin and fecal calprotectin levels further supporting the evidence of GI inflammation,a hallmark of functional GI ***,the finding that rectal swabs of COVID-19 patients remain positive for SARS-CoV-2 even after the nasopharynx clears the virus,suggests that viral replication and shedding from the GI tract may be more robust than that of the respiratory tract,further indicating fecal-oral transmission as another important route of viral *** review summarized the evidence for pathophysiological mechanisms(impaired barrier function,gut inflammation,altered serotonin metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis)underlying the GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota dysbiosis Impaired barrier function Serotonin Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor

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Effect of electrical stimulation on neural regeneration via the p38-RhoA and ERK1/2-Bcl-2 pathways in spinal cord-injured rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 340-346页

作者： Min Cheol Joo Chul Hwan Jang Jong Tae Park Seung Won Choi seungil ro Min Seob Kim Moon Young Lee Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science School of Medicine Wonkwang University Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine Wonkwang University Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of Medicine Wonkwang University Department of Physiology and Cell Biology School of Medicine University of Nevada Department of Physiology and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science School of Medicine Wonkwang University

Although electrical stimulation is therapeutically applied for neural regeneration in patients, it remains unclear how electrical stimulation exerts its effects at the molecular level on spinal cord injury （SCI）. To identify the signaling pathway involved in electrical stimulation improving the function of injured spinal cord, 21 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups： control （no surgical intervention, n = 6）, SCI （SCI only, n = 5）, and electrical simulation （ES; SCI induction followed by ES treatment, n = 10）. A complete spinal cord transection was performed at the 10^th thoracic level. Electrical stimulation of the injured spinal cord region was applied for 4 hours per day for 7 days. On days 2 and 7 post SCI, the Touch-Test Sensory Evaluators and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor scale were used to evaluate rat sensory and motor function. Somatosensory-evoked potentials of the tibial nerve of a hind paw of the rat were measured to evaluate the electrophysiological function of injured spinal cord. Western blot analysis was performed to measure p38-RhoA and ERK1/2-Bcl-2 pathways related protein levels in the injured spinal cord. Rat sensory and motor functions were similar between SCI and ES groups. Com- pared with the SCI group, in the ES group, the latencies of the somatosensory-evoked potential of the tibial nerve of rats were significantly shortened, the amplitudes were significantly increased, RhoA protein level was significantly decreased, protein gene product 9.5 expression, ERK1/2, p38, and Bcl-2 protein levels in the spinal cord were significantly increased. These data suggest that ES can promote the recovery of electrophysiological function of the injured spinal cord through regulating p38-RhoA and ERK1/2-Bcl-2 pathway-related protein levels in the injured spinal cord.

关键词： Bcl-2 ERKI/2 p38 PGP9.5 RhoA spinal cord injury somatosensory evoked potential muscle contraction electrical impulses neural regeneration

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Analysis of Imperfect Acoustic Cloaking Resonances

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第12期29卷 119-122页

作者： KIM seungil Department of Mathematics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 130-701Korea

We study the resonance phenomenon arising from imperfect acoustic cloaking in 2D based on a small perturbation of the transformation *** is shown that the resonant frequencies of imperfect cloaking appearing in the total scattering cross section converge to Dirichlet eigenvalues of the concealed region as a perturbation parameter approaches *** theory enables us to predict the location of the resonant frequencies of imperfect cloaking and to identify the corresponding resonance modes.

关键词： perturbation imperfect resonant

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Suppression of the Resonant Scattering in Imperfect Acoustic Cloaking with a Lossy Medium in R^3

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第5期31卷 80-83页

作者： LI Meng-Lei KIM seungil Department of Mathematics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences Kyung Hee University Seoul 130-701 Korea

It has been realized that resonance frequencies of imperfect the transformation acoustics in R^2 are located near Dirichlet acoustic cloaking based on a small perturbation of eigenvalues of the cloaked region [Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 （2009） 014301; 29 （2012） 124301]. In this work, we study the performance of the three-dimensional approximate cloaking system based on the transformation acoustics and show that the cloaking effect may be deteriorated at zeroth order Neumann eigenvalues of the concealed region. In particular, transmitted fields into the concealed region can be extremely resonated at frequencies corresponding to the zeroth-order Neumann eigenvalues while scattered fields are suppressed well for any frequency. To enhance the cloaking effect at resonance frequencies, we introduce a lossy medium inside the cloaked region and show that the new proposal can reduce the intensity of transmitted fields significantly due to the lossy medium.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Analysis of Shear and Firiction Behaviors in End Milling Process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第Z1期19卷 237-238页

作者： Seunghan YANG seungil CHANG Youngmoon LEE Heesool KIM Taejo KO School of Mechanical Engineering Kyungpook National University1370Sankyuk-DongPuk-kuTaegu702-701Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityDaedongGyoungsan712-749Korea

As a new approach to analyze shear behaviors in the shear plane and chip-tool friction behaviors in the chip-toolcontact region during an end milling process,this paper introduces a method to transform an up-end milling processto an equivalent oblique cutting *** this approach,varying undeformed chip thicknesses and cutting forcesin the up-end milling process are replaced with the equivalent of oblique cutting *** investigationsfor Inconel 718 were performed to verify the presented model.

关键词： Up-end milling Equivalent oblique cutting Specific cutting energy

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Exploring the Regional Spatial Structure of the Seoul Metropolitan Area to Reduce Car Travel

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北京规划建设 2015年第B6期 174-181页

作者： Lee seungil An Youngsoo Kim Kijung 韩国首尔市立大学

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