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Asymmetrical response of summer rainfall in East Asia to CO_(2)forcing

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Science Bulletin 2022年第2期67卷 213-222,M0004页

作者： Se-Yong Song Sang-Wook Yeh Soon-Il An Jong-Seong Kug seung-Ki min Seok-Woo Son Jongsoo Shin Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Technology Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588South Korea Department of Atmospheric Sciences/Irreversible Climate Change Research Center Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722South Korea Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673South Korea Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversityIncheon 21983South Korea School of Earth and Environmental Science Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

Understanding the regional hydrological response to varying CO_(2)concentration is critical for cost-benefit analysis of mitigation and adaptation polices in the near future. To characterize summer monsoon rainfall change in East Asia in a changing CO_(2)pathway, we used the Community Earth System Model(CESM) with28 ensemble members in which the CO_(2)concentration increases at a rate of 1% per year until its quadrupling peak, i.e., 1468 ppm(ramp-up period), followed by a decrease of 1% per year until the present-day climate conditions, i.e., 367 ppm(ramp-down period). Although the CO_(2)concentration change is symmetric in time, the amount of summer rainfall anomaly in East Asia is increased 42% during a rampdown period than that during a ramp-up period when the two periods of the same CO_(2)concentration are compared. This asymmetrical rainfall response is mainly due to an enhanced El Ni?o-like warming pattern as well as its associated increase in the sea surface temperature in the western North Pacific during a ramp-down period. These sea surface temperature patterns enhance the atmospheric teleconnections and the local meridional circulations around East Asia, resulting in more rainfall over East Asia during a ramp-down period. This result implies that the removal of CO_(2)does not guarantee the return of regional rainfall to the previous climate state with the same CO_(2)concentration.

关键词： CO_(2)concentration East Asian summer monsoon Asymmetric rainfall El Ni?o-like warming

Emulsification Properties of Lactose Fatty Acid Esters

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1341-1357页

作者： seung-min Lee Ashwini Wagh Guneev Sandhu Marie K. Walsh Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food Sciences Utah State University Logan Utah USA The Clorox Service Company Pleasanton California USA

Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) are a class of synthetic emulsifiers used in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries. The influence of the fatty acid chain length on the emulsification properties of lactose fatty acid esters (LFAE) including lactose monooctanoate (LMO), lactose monodecanoate (LMD), lactose monolaurate (LML) and lactose monomyristate (LMM) was investigated in this study. The stability of the emulsions as well as the oil droplet size distribution in 20% soybean oil-in-water emulsions was measured at 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% of LFAE concentrations. In order of LFAE with the strongest emulsion stabilization characteristics were LML, LMD, LMO and LMM. Oil droplet distributions resulted in the same trend, with LML and LMD maintaining the smallest droplet sizes and thus the most stable emulsion. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and critical micelle concentrations were determined for each LFAE. An increase in HLB value was seen with an increased CMC value for each LFAE, showing the strength of the linear relationship between these two measured values. Additionally, there was a decrease in HLB and CMC values with a decrease in the fatty acid chain length of each LFAE. This research showed that LML and LMD formed more stable emulsions, even with HLB and CMC values higher than those of LMM suggesting HLB and CMC values alone do not predict emulsifier effectiveness.

关键词： Lactose Fatty Acid Esters Emulsions Emulsion Stability Sugar Esters

Treatment of Bone Defect with Modular Metal Augmentation Using a Downsized Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Technical Note and Report of 17 Cases

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第9期6卷 268-275页

作者： Su Chan Lee Chang Hyun Nam seung Hyun Hwang Ji-Hoon baek Soon Yong Yoo Hye Sun Ahn Joint & Arthritis Research Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Himchan Hospital Seoul Korea

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a treatment of bone defect varies depending on the location and extent of defect and requires proper surgical procedure. Metal augmentation is readily available for both femoral and tibial bone defects. We report the operative technique of modular metal augmentation using a downsized block for ambiguous proximal tibial and distal femoral bone defects in primary and revision TKA. Regarding bone defects, bone loss can be minimized by using a different size of metal augmentation, and suitable reinforcement for bone defects can be achieved. Once our technique is properly used, it will be very helpful in treating bone defects.

关键词： Total Knee Arthroplasty Bone Defect Metal Augmentation

U-IMPACT:a universal 3D microfluidic cell culture platform

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 113-124页

作者： seung-Ryeol Lee Youngtaek Kim Suryong Kim Jiho Kim Seonghyuk Park Stephen Rhee Dohyun Park Byungjun Lee Kyusuk baek Ho-Young Kim Noo Li Jeon Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Qureator Incorporation San DiegoCAUSA Institute of Advanced Machines and Design Seoul National University SeoulRepublic of Korea Institute of Bioengineering Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

The development of organs-on-a-chip has resulted in advances in the reconstruction of 3D cellular ***,there remain limitations regarding applicability and ***,we present an injection-molded plastic array 3D universal culture platform(U-IMPACT)for various biological applications in a single platform,such as cocultures of various cell types,and spheroids(e.g.,tumor spheroids,neurospheres)and tissues(e.g.,microvessels).The U-IMPACT consists of three channels and a spheroid zone with a 96-well plate form ***,organoids or spheroids(~500μm)can be located in designated areas,while cell suspensions or cellladen hydrogels can be selectively placed in three *** stable multichannel patterning,we developed a new patterning method based on capillary action,utilizing capillary channels and the native contact angle of the materials without any *** derived the optimal material hydrophilicity(contact angle of the body,45–90°;substrate,<30°)for robust patterning through experiments and theoretical *** demonstrated that the U-IMPACT can implement 3D tumor microenvironments for angiogenesis,vascularization,and tumor cell ***,we cultured neurospheres from induced neural stem *** U-IMPACT can serve as a multifunctional organ-on-achip platform for high-content and high-throughput screening.

关键词： organs culture capillary

Ultimate Strength Assessment of Steel-Welded Hemispheres under External Hydrostatic Pressure

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2020年第4期19卷 615-633页

作者： Sang-Rai Cho Teguh Muttaqie seung Hyun Lee Jaewoo Paek Jung min Sohn Ulsan Lab Inc.UlsanSouth Korea School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering University of UlsanUlsanSouth Korea Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Systems Engineering Pukyong National UniversityBusanSouth Korea Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology Center of Technology for Defense and Security Industries-BPPTJakartaIndonesia Hyundai Mipo Dockyard UlsanSouth Korea Hyundai Heavy Industries UlsanSouth Korea Interdisciplinary Program of Marine Convergence Design Pukyong National UniversityBusanSouth Korea

This paper focusses on steel-welded hemispherical shells subjected to external hydrostatic *** experimental and numerical investigations were performed to study their failure *** model was fabricated from mild steel and made through press forming and *** therefore considered the effect of initial shape imperfection,variation of thickness and residual stress obtained from the actual *** hemisphere models designed with R/t from 50 to 130 were tested until *** to the test,the actual geometric imperfection and shell thickness were carefully *** comparisons of available design codes(PD 5500,ABS,DNV-GL)in calculating the collapse pressure were also highlighted against the available published test data on steel-welded ***,the nonlinear FE simulations were also conducted to substantiate the ultimate load capacity and plastic deformation of the models that were *** dependence of the level of sphericity,varying thickness and residual welding stresses were also numerically considered in the benchmark *** structure behaviour from the experiments was used to verify the numerical *** this work,both collapse pressure and failure mode in the numerical model were consistent with the experimental model.

关键词： Steel-welded hemisphere Collapse pressure Experiment Nonlinear FEA Ultimate strength formulation

Clinical course of sub-centimeter-sized nodules detected during surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2654-2660页

作者： Yang Won min Geum-Youn Gwak min Woo Lee Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyoek Lee Kwang Cheol Koh seung Woon Paik Byung Chul Yoo Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 135-710 South Korea Department of Radiology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 135-710 South Korea

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of sub-centimeter-sized nodules (SCSNs) detected during surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients at risk. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 142 patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B or C without a prior history of HCC in whom a SCSN was detected during HCC surveillance. We calculated the rate of HCC development from SCSNs in the study population and analyzed the differences in the baseline clinical characteristics and imaging features between the patients with SCSNs that eventually developed into HCC and patients with SCSNs that did not develop into ***: During 667 person-years of follow-up, HCC developed in 33 patients. The calculated HCC development rate was 4.9% per year. The cumulative one-, two-, three- and five-year HCC development rates were 5.6%, 10.6%, 14.1% and 20.4%, respectively. Upon baseline comparison, the HCC group was older (54.4 ± 8.3 years vs 48.9 ± 9.4 years; P = 0.003) and had lower albumin levels (3.56 ± 0.58 g/dL vs 3.84 ± 0.55 g/dL; P = 0.012) and higher baseline alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (8.5 ng/mL vs 5.4 ng/mL; P = 0.035) compared to the non-HCC group. Nodule pattern and initial radiologic diagnosis also differed between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that age [P = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) =1.075, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.016-1.137], sex (P = 0.009, OR = 3.969, 95% CI: 1.403-11.226), and baseline AFP level (P = 0.024, OR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.005-1.073) were independent risk factors for developing HCC. CONCLUSION: The overall risk of HCC development in patients with SCSNs is similar to that in liver cirrhosis patients. Patients with these risk factors need to be closely monitored during follow-up.

关键词： Chronic liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma Risk factor Sub-centimeter-sized nodule

Raman microspectrometry, FT-IR and inclusion characteristics of gem garnets from Tanzania and Madagascar

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Journal of Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia 2004年第2期7卷 125-135页

作者： Sang-kon Kim Maeng-eon Park seung-gyun baek Kyu-youl Sung Sun-ok Kim Hee-yul Park Department of Environmental Geoscience Pukyong National University Busan 608-737 KoreaDepartment of Environmental Geoscience Pukyong National University Busan 608-737 KoreaDepartment of Environmental Geoscience Pukyong National University Busan 608-737 KoreaDepartment of Environmental Geoscience Pukyong National University Busan 608-737 KoreaMinerals and Materials Processing Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Daejeon 305-350 KoreaSchool of Gemology Identification & Dealer Open Cyber University Seoul 110-750 Korea

Chemical composition, Raman microspectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)and SEM-CL (Cathodluminescence)analyses are carried out for Tanzania and Madagascar garnets for locality identification. Inclusion study was sustained after electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). Needle-like illmenites, apatites and zircons were the most common solid inclusions in Tanzania garnets. Madagascar garnets revealed rutile needles and apatites were also observed, but differences in size, shape and distribution patterns were noticed compared to Tanzania garnets. Tanzania garnets exhibited all types of observable fluid inclusions such as"fingerprint"pattern, called Type I-A, liquid-only(L) single phase fluid inclusion, called Type I-B and Type II-A(L+S), Type II-B(L+V)and Type III-A(L+Sylvite+S), Type III-B(L+S+V), while no more than two phase fluid inclusions found in both Madagascar and Korea garnets even if all examined garnets from three localities retained"fingerprint"features, so called, partially healed fractures, in common. Chemical composition, Raman microspectrometry and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)analysis taken turned out to be useful methods for the purpose of this study. Using consequences of SEM-CL and inclusion study, accordingly, the locality identification of gem-quality garnets is capable of being available in further application for other kinds of gemstones.

关键词：宝石石榴石局部鉴定 SEM-CI 拉曼分光计

Treatment for gastric ‘indefinite for neoplasm/dysplasia' lesions based on predictive factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 469-484页

作者： Mi Jung Kwon Ho Suk Kang Hyeon Tae Kim Jin Woo Choo Bo Hyun Lee Sung Eun Hong Kun Ha Park Dong min Jung Hyun Lim Jae seung Soh Sung Hoon Moon Jong Hyeok Kim Hye-Rim Park Soo Kee min Jin won Seo Ji-Young Choe Department of Pathology Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital

BACKGROUND Gastric ‘indefinite for neoplasm/dysplasia'(IFND) is a borderline lesion that is difficult to diagnose as either regenerative or neoplastic. There is a need for guidance in the identification of a subset of patients, who have an IFND lesion with a higher risk of malignant potential, to enable risk stratification and optimal *** To determine the clinical and pathologic factors for the accurate diagnosis of gastric IFND *** In total, 461 gastric lesions diagnosed via biopsy as IFND lesions were retrospectively evaluated. Endoscopic resection(n = 134), surgery(n = 22), and follow-up endoscopic biopsy(n = 305) were performed to confirm the *** time interval from initial biopsy to cancer diagnosis was measured, and diagnostic delays were categorized as > 2 wk, > 2 mo, > 6 mo, and > 1 year. The IFND lesions presenting as regenerating atypia(60%) or atypical epithelia(40%)at initial biopsy were adenocarcinomas in 22.6%, adenomas in 8.9%, and gastritis in 68.5% of the *** Four clinical factors [age ≥ 60 years(2.445, 95%CI: 1.305-4.580, P = 0.005),endoscopic size ≥ 10 mm(3.519, 95%CI: 1.891-6.548, P < 0.001), single lesion(5.702, 95%CI: 2.212-14.696, P < 0.001), and spontaneous bleeding(4.056, 95%CI:1.792-9.180, P = 0.001)], and two pathologic factors [atypical epithelium(25.575,95%CI: 11.537-56.695, P < 0.001], and repeated IFND diagnosis [6.022, 95%CI:1.822-19.909, P = 0.003)] were independent risk factors for gastric cancer. With two or more clinical factors, the sensitivity and specificity for carcinoma were91.3% and 54.9%, respectively. Ten undifferentiated carcinomas were initially diagnosed as IFND. In the subgroup analysis, fold change(5.594, 95%CI: 1.458-21.462, P = 0.012) predicted undifferentiated or invasive carcinoma in the submucosal layers or deeper. Diagnostic delays shorter than 1 year were not associated with worse prognoses. Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinomas accounted for half of the repeate

关键词： Gastric cancer Biopsy Endoscopic surgical procedure Diagnostic delay Prognosis

Comparative study of chitosan/fibroin–hydroxyapatite and collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects: micro-computed tomography analysis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第2期6卷 87-93页

作者： Jae min Song Sang Hun Shin Yong Deok Kim Jae Yeol Lee Young Jae baek Sang Yong Yoon Hong Sung Kim Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry Pusan National University Yangsan Korea Department of Biomaterial Science Pusan National University Miryang Korea

This study aimed to utilize micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） analysis to compare new bone formation in rat calvarial defects using chitosan/fibroin-hydroxyapatite （CFB-HAP） or collagen （Bio-Gide） membranes. Fifty-four （54） rats were studied. A circular bony defect （8 mm diameter） was formed in the centre of the calvaria using a trephine bur. The CFB-HAP membrane was prepared by thermally induced phase separation. In the experimental group （n= 18）, the CFB-HAP membrane was used to cover the bony defect, and in the control group （n= 18）, a resorbable collagen membrane （Bio-Gide） was used. In the negative control group （n= 18）, no membrane was used. In each group, six animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then analysed using micro-CT. There were significant differences in bone volume （BV） and bone mineral density （BMD）（P〈O.05） between the negative control group and the membrane groups. However, there were no significant differences between the CFB-HAP group and the collagen group. We concluded that the CFB-HAP membrane has significant potential as a guided bone regeneration （GBR） membrane.

关键词： chitosan/fibroin-hydroxyapatite collagen membrane guided bone regeneration micro-computed tomography rat calva rial defect