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Agro-residue biochar and N fertilizer addition mitigates CO2-C emission and stabilized soil organic carbon pools in a rain-fed agricultural cropland

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 76-86页

作者： segun O.oladele Adewole T.Adetunji Department of Agronomy Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba AkokoOndo StateNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementFederal University of Technology AkureOndo StateNigeria Department of Agriculture Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyWestern CapeSouth Africa

Scarce carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission data,soil organic carbon(C_(org))and labile C_(org) pool index for croplands in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)limits our ability to define regional CO_(2) flux and mitigation prospects provided by biochar ***,we conducted a two-year field scale study quanti-fying effects of biochar(12t ha^(-1)),biochar(12t ha^(-1))and N fertilizer(90 kg N ha^(-1)),N fertilizer(90 kg N ha^(-1))alone and control(no amendment)on C_(org),C_(org) pools,lability index(LI)and CO_(2) emissions of a humid tropical alfisol under rainfed rice *** clearly demonstrate that biochar amendment combined with N fertilizer significantly increased C_(org),particulate organic carbon,and particulate organic carbon to organic carbon ***,this combination decreased dissolved organic carbon,dissolved organic carbon to organic carbon proportion,easily oxidizable carbon,easily oxidizable carbon to organic carbon proportion,microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon proportion,LI,and CO_(2) emission when compared to other *** findings established relationship between labile C_(org) pools and CO_(2) ***,our study suggest that application of biochar and N fertilizer addition can decrease CO_(2) emission from SSA croplands under rainfed rice cultivation,increase essential labile C_(org) pools,protect labile C_(org) pools sensitive to losses and sequester C_(org) with positive implication for global change mitigation and soil quality improvement.

关键词： Global change Sub-saharan Africa Greenhouse gas Rainfed croplands Environment

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Effects of biochar amendment and nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial biomass pools in an Alfisol under rain-fed rice cultivation

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Biochar 2019年第2期1卷 163-176页

作者： segun oladele Adebayo Adeyemo Ajoke Adegaiye Moses Awodun Department of Agronomy Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba AkokoOndo StateNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementFederal University of Technology AkureOndo StateNigeria

Field studies were conducted over 2 years to determine the response of soil microbial biomass pool to biochar and N fertilizer combinations in a rain-fed rice cropping *** was applied at four doses:0 t ha^(−1),3 t ha^(−1),6 t ha^(−1) and 12 t ha^(−1) in combination with N fertilizer at four rates:0 kg ha^(−1),30 kg ha^(−1),60 kg ha^(−1) and 90 kg ha^(−1) to a Typic Paleustalf *** samples from two depths(0-10 and 10-20 cm)were collected to determine microbial biomass C(MBC),N(MBN),P(MBP),MBC/N ratio,MBC/P ratio,soil CO_(2) flux,microbial qCO_(2),cultivable bacterial and fungal *** and N fertilizer combination effects on MBC,MBN and MBP pools were dependent on biochar doses,N fertilizer rates and soil ***/N and MBC/P ratios were decreased after 2 *** CO_(2) flux was maximum at post-seeding stage of rice plant,while decreasing trends occurred at active tillering and harvest *** doses of biochar irrespective of its combination with N fertilizer rates decreased CO_(2) flux and microbial qCO_(2).Combinations of biochar and N fertilizer increased fungal/bacterial ratio and induced a shift to a more fungal-dominated population after 2 *** results sug-gest that combination of biochar doses(3-12 t ha^(−1))with N fertilizer rates had stimulatory effects on microbial biomass pools and activity with positive implications for organic carbon accumulation,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)retention in tropical soils.

关键词： Biochar Nitrogen fertilizer Microbial biomass Metabolic quotient Fungal/bacteria ratio

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Emerging contaminants: Evaluation of degradable chelators towards enhancing cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of bioenergy crop grown on polluted soil

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 139-148页

作者： segun O.oladele Blessing B.oladele Rasheedat Ajala Bukola F.Dada Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureAdekunle Ajasin University Akungba AkokoNigeria Department of Physics Radiation and Environmental Health UnitFederal University of Technology AkureNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management Federal University of Technology AkureNigeria

Exogenous application of chelators towards enhancing heavy metals extraction efficiency of bioenergy crop has received considerable attention in recent ***,little is known about optimal application rate,comparative evaluation of degradable versus non-degradable chelators and their impact on cadmium(Cd)speciation and uptake,physiological and biochemical activity of sweet sorghum grown under Cd *** chelators namely,Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA),tetrasodium N,N-diacetate(TDA),Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),iminodisuccinic acid(IDA)and control(CK)were applied and compared at rates of 2,5,and 10 mmol kg^(-1) towards augmenting phytoextraction efficiency of sweet sorghum for Cd remediation in a screen house *** showed that sweet sorghum augmented with TDA significantly(P<0.05)increased biomass,enhanced Cd uptake and accumulation when compared to EDTA at application rate of 2-5 mmol kg*** influenced Cd speciation via increasing acid-soluble,reducible,oxidizable,and residual fractions of Cd,thus increasing Cd *** and TDA increased proline concentrations,antioxidant enzymes and net photosynthetic activity rate(Pn)comparably to EDTA in sweet sorghum,thus enhancing stress tolerance and stabilizing photosynthetic ***,exogenous application of degradable TDA at 2-5 mmol kg^(-1) could be recommended as replacement for non-degradable EDTA in a chelate assisted approach towards augmenting bioenergy crop for phytoremediation of Cd polluted soil.

关键词： Phytoextraction Antioxidant enzymes Photosynthetic rate Stress tolerance Cadmium speciation

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Effect of SHAKTI and KUBOTA power tillers on physical properties of soil and rice yield under Sawah production system in Nigeria

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2009年第8期3卷 43-48页

作者： segun Yinka Ademiluyi Oladimeji Idowu oladele Toshiyuki Wakatsuki National Center for Agricultural Mechanization Ilorin Nigeria Department of Agricultural Economics Education and Extension Botswana College of 4griculture University of Botswana Gaborone P/bag 0027 Botswana. Faculty of Agriculture Kinki University Nara 631-8505 Japan

The use of the power tillers （walking tractors） are increasingly popular in Nigeria among farmers adopting Sawah rice production technology. This study compares the effects of two types of power tillers on physical properties of soil and rice yield. because soil properties determine to a large extents rice yield. Data on soil properties and rice yield were collected and subjected to t-test statistics. The results show that, significant differences exit for all the physical properties of soils rice yields from fields where the two power tiller were used with yields from rice field where SHAKTI was used was higher than KUBOTA. It is important that farmers using these models of power tillers for rice production should not only focus on the purchase cost of these power tillers but their overall efficiency in order to achieve the desired high level of yield.

关键词： power tillers field capacity field efficiency:draught fuel consumption: soil moisture bulk density coneindex shear strength

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