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Experimental proof of Joule heating-induced switched-back regions in OLEDs

Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1951-1960页

作者： Anton Kirch Axel Fischer Matthias Liero Jurgen Fuhrmann Annegret Glitzky sebastian reineke Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials(IAPP)and Institute of Applied Physics Technische Universitat DresdenNothnitzer StraBe 6101187 DresdenGermany Weierstrass Institute Berlin MohrenstraBe 3910117 BerlinGermany

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)have become a major pixel technology in the display sector,with products spanning the entire range of current panel *** ability to freely scale the active area to large and random surfaces paired with flexible substrates provides additional application scenarios for OLEDs in the general lighting,automotive,and signage *** applications require higher brightness and,thus,current density operation compared to the specifications needed for general *** extended transparent electrodes pose a significant ohmic resistance,OLEDs suffering from Joule self-heating exhibit spatial inhomogeneities in electrical potential,current density,and hence *** this article,we provide experimental proof of the theoretical prediction that OLEDs will display regions of decreasing luminance with increasing driving *** a two-dimensional OLED model,we can conclude that these regions are switched back locally in voltage as well as current due to insufficient lateral thermal ***,we demonstrate this effect in lab-scale devices and derive that it becomes more severe with increasing pixel size,which implies its significance for large-area,high-brightness use cases of ***,these non-linear switching effects cannot be ignored with respect to the long-term operation and stability of OLEDs;in particular,they might be important for the understanding of sudden-death scenarios.

关键词： OLEDs switched proof

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Adjustable white-light emission from a photo-structured micro-OLED array

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 598-603页

作者： Simonas Krotkus Daniel Kasemann Simone Lenk Karl Leo sebastian reineke Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials(IAPP)and Institute for Applied Physics Technische Universität Dresden01062 DresdenGermany

White organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)are promising candidates for future solid-state lighting applications and backplane illumination in large-area *** very specific feature of OLEDs,which is currently gaining momentum,is that they can enable tunable white light *** feature is conventionally realized either through the vertical stacking of independent OLEDs emitting different colors or in lateral arrangement of *** vertical design is optically difficult to optimize and often results in efficiency compromises between the *** contrast,the lateral concept introduces severe area losses to dark regions between the subunits,which requires a significantly larger overall device area to achieve equal *** we demonstrate a color-tunable,two-color OLED device realized by side-by-side alignment of yellow and blue p-i-n OLEDs structured down to 20μm by a simple and up-scalable orthogonal photolithography *** layout eliminates the problems of conventional lateral approaches by utilizing all area for light *** corresponding emission of the photo-patterned two-unit OLED can be tuned over a wide range from yellow to white to blue *** independent control of the different units allows the desired overall spectrum to be set at any given brightness *** as a white light source,the microstructured OLED reaches a luminous efficacy of 13 lm W^(−1) at 1000 cd m^(−2) without an additional light outcoupling enhancement and reaches a color rendering index of 68 when operated near the color point ***,we demonstrate an improved device lifetime by means of size variation of the subunits.

关键词： color tuning hydrofluoroethers orthogonal photolithography orthogonal processing white organic light-emitting diodes

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Real-time beam shaping without additional optical elements

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 881-891页

作者： Felix Fries Markus Fröbel Pen Yiao Ang Simone Lenk sebastian reineke Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials(IAPP) Technische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Straße 61Dresden 01187Germany

Providing artificial light and enhancing the quality of the respective light sources is of continued interest in the fields of solid state,condensed matter,and semiconductor *** research has been carried out to increase the luminous efficiency,lifetime and colour stability of such ***,the emission characteristics of a given light source do not necessarily comply with today’s often sophisticated ***,beam shaping addresses the transformation of a given light distribution into a customized *** is typically achieved by secondary optical elements often sporting elaborate designs,where the actual light source takes up only a small fraction of the system’s *** designs limit the final light source to a single permanent operation mode,which can only be overcome by employing mechanically adjustable optical *** we show that organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)can enable real-time regulation of a beam shape without relying on secondary optical elements and without using any mechanical *** a red light-emitting two-unit OLED architecture,we demonstrate the ability to continuously tune between strongly forward and strongly sideward emission,where the device efficiency is maintained at an application-relevant level ranging between 6 and 8%of external quantum efficiency for any chosen *** combination with additional optical elements,customizable and tuneable systems are possible,whereby the tuning stems from the light source itself rather than from the use of secondary optics.

关键词： tuning beam elements

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