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How single-cell immunology is benefiting from microfluidic technologies

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 728-741页

作者： Fabien C.Jammes sebastian J.Maerkl Institute of Bioengineering School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland

The immune system is a complex network of specialized cells that work in concert to protect against invading pathogens and tissue *** in this network often result in excessive or absent immune responses leading to allergies,autoimmune diseases,and *** of the mechanisms and their regulation remain poorly *** cells are highly diverse,and an immune response is the result of a large number of molecular and cellular interactions both in time and *** bulk methods are often prone to miss important details by returning population-averaged *** is a need in immunology to measure single cells and to study the dynamic interplay of immune cells with their *** in the fields of microsystems and microengineering gave rise to the field of microfluidics and its application to *** systems enable the precise control of small volumes in the femto-to nanoliter *** controlling device geometries,surface chemistry,and flow behavior,microfluidics can create a precisely defined microenvironment for single-cell studies with spatio-temporal *** features are highly desirable for single-cell analysis and have made microfluidic devices useful tools for studying complex immune *** addition,microfluidic devices can achieve high-throughput measurements,enabling in-depth studies of complex *** has been used in a large panel of biological applications,ranging from single-cell genomics,cell signaling and dynamics to cell–cell interaction and cell migration *** this review,we give an overview of state-of-the-art microfluidic techniques,their application to single-cell immunology,their advantages and drawbacks,and provide an outlook for the future of single-cell technologies in research and medicine.

关键词： fluid network details

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Molecular dynamics simulation of the Stribeck curve: Boundary lubrication, mixed lubrication, and hydrodynamic lubrication on the atomistic level

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Friction 2023年第12期11卷 2342-2366页

作者： Simon STEPHAN sebastian SCHMITT Hans HASSE Herbert M.URBASSEK Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics(LTD) Department of Mechanical and Process EngieeringTU KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz 67663Germany Physics Department and Research Center(OPTIMAS) TU KaiserslauternRheinland-Pfalz 67663Germany

Lubricated contact processes are studied using classical molecular dynamics simulations for determining the entire range of the Stribeck ***,the lateral movement of two solid bodies at different gap height are *** each simulation,a rigid asperity is moved at constant height above a flat iron surface in a lubricating *** methane and decane are considered as *** three main lubrication regimes of the Stribeck curve and their transition regions are covered by the study:Boundary lubrication(significant elastic and plastic deformation of the substrate),mixed lubrication(adsorbed fluid layer dominates the process),and hydrodynamic lubrication(shear flow is set up between the surface and the asperity).We find the formation of a tribofilm in which lubricant molecules are immersed into the metal surface—not only in the case of scratching,but also for boundary lubrication and mixed *** formation of a tribofilm is found to have important consequences for the contact ***,the two fluids are found to show distinctly different behavior in the three lubrication regimes:For hydrodynamic lubrication(large gap height),decane yields a better tribological performance;for boundary lubrication(small gap height),decane shows a larger friction coefficient than methane,which is due to the different mechanisms observed for the formation of the tribofilm;the mixed lubrication regime can be considered as a transition regime between the two other ***,it is found that the nature of the tribofilm depends on the lubricant:While methane particles substitute substrate atoms sustaining mostly the crystalline structure,the decane molecules distort the substrate surface and an amorphous tribofilm is formed.

关键词： boundary lubrication mixed lubrication hydrodynamic lubrication molecular dynamics simulation tribofilm

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Coupling between fluids and rock deformation in the continental crust:Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2085-2092页

作者： Silvia Japas sebastian Oriolo Vinod Samuel Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales(IGeBA)CONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad UniversitariaBuenos AiresArgentina Department of Earth System Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

*** Fluids are essential and widespread components of the Earth *** regulate the main process of mass and energy transport,conditioning the geochemical and geophysical evolution of the crust(Bredehoeft and Norton.1990)and,consequently,its properties and mechanical *** coupling between fluids,rock deformation,and heat are crucial engines for plate tectonics,playing a leading role in the rheology and evolution of the lithosphere(*** et al.,2000;Kennedy and van Soest,2007;Thompson,2010;Miller.2013;Yardley and Bodnar,2014:Hirauchi et al.,2016:Menzies et al.,2016;Plümper et al.,2017;Vizán et al.,2017).

关键词： rock crust continental

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Recent advances in crystalline and amorphous particulate protein formulations for controlled delivery

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第4期11卷 469-477页

作者： sebastian Puhl Lorenz Meinel Oliver Germershaus Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry University of WuerzburgAm Hubland97074 WuerzburgGermany Institute for Pharma Technology University of Applied Sciences Northwestern SwitzerlandGruendenstrasse 404132 MuttenzSwitzerland

The number of particulate delivery systems for biologics is negligible compared to liquid dosage forms, signifying the complications associated with development of solid protein delivery systems. Particulate protein delivery systems can improve stability, reduce viscosity of suspensions at high protein concentration and allow for controlled drug release. This review discusses current advances in controlled delivery of particulate protein formulations. While the focus lies on protein crystals and delivery systems employing protein crystals,amorphous protein particles will also be addressed. Crystallization and precipitations methods and modifications allowing controlled delivery with and without encapsulation are summarized and discussed.

关键词： Protein crystals Protein particles Protein delivery Controlled release

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Indentation Size Effect inβCuAlBe and Cu-2Be Alloys

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第12期34卷 1669-1678页

作者： Susana Montecinos sebastian Tognana Walter Salgueiro IFIMAT Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos AiresPinto 3997000 TandilArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Av.Rivadavia 1917C1033AAJ Buenos AiresArgentina CIFICEN(UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET) Pinto 3997000 TandilArgentina Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Bs.As Calle 526 entre 10 y 111900 La PlataArgentina

The indentation size effect(ISE)was studied by instrumented nanoindentation and Vickers hardness measurements on polycrystalline copper,βCuAlBe pseudoelastic and age-hardenable CuBe *** in the load-depth curves at different loads would suggest a change in the behavior of the materials as the load *** was estimated at different loads taking into account the pile-up in each case,which was estimated from the images of the topography obtained by atomic force microscopy(AFM).The effect of the microstructure of Cu-2Be(wt%)samples on the ISE was also *** each copper alloy,the Nix and Gao model was applied to the hardness-depth curves,and significant differences were found for the parameters *** is in the constant nanohardness regime for depths below 500 nm,while microhardness exhibits the ISE *** behavior of the nanohardness and the plastic strain with the depth is almost *** presents the lowest values of plastic strains due to the pseudoelastic effect,while Cu presents an almost constant value around 8%,which corresponds to the highest plastic strain obtained.

关键词： Hardness Pseudoelasticity Copper alloys Plasticity Indentation size effect

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Modulators of alternative splicing as novel therapeutics in cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第5期6卷 92-95页

作者： sebastian Oltean School of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Bristol

Alternative splicing(AS), the process of removing introns from pre-m RNA and re-arrangement of exons to give several types of mature transcripts, has been described more than 40 years ago. However, until recently, it has not been clear how extensive it is. Genome-wide studies have now conclusively shown that more than 90% of genes are alternatively spliced in humans. This makes AS one of the main drivers of proteomic diversity and, consequently, determinant of cellular function repertoire. Unsurprisingly, given its extent, numerous splice isoforms have been described to be associated with several dise-ases including cancer. Many of them have antagonistic functions, e.g., pro- and anti-angiogenic or pro- and anti-apoptotic. Additionally several splice factors have been recently described to have oncogene or tumour suppressors activities, like SF3B1 which is frequently mutated in myelodysplastic syndromes. Beside the implications for cancer pathogenesis, de-regulated AS is recognized as one of the novel areas of cell biology where therapeutic manipulations may be designed. This editorial discusses the possibilities of manipulation of AS for therapeutic benefit in cancer. Approaches involving the use of oligonucleotides as well as small molecule splicing modulators are presented as well as thoughts on how specificity might be accomplished in splicing therapeutics.

关键词： Novel cancer therapeutics Splicing switching oligonucleotides Alternative splicing Small molecules Splicing modulators

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APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2007年第1期20卷 86-90页

作者： GüNTHER Seliger sebastian Kernbaum MARCO Zettl Department Assembly Technology and Factory Management Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University Berlin Berlin 10587 Germany

Sustainable development is a holistic approach harmonizing ecological, economical and socio-political needs with respect to the superior objective of enhancing human living standards. Thereby the availability of natural resources and the conservation of the ecosystems have to be considered that future generations have the possibility to meet their own needs. A long-term economical development demands the transition from a souree-sink economy to a cycle economy as a result of limited resources, limited environmental capacities to absorb waste and emissions as well as increasing needs of a growing population. A reference model for snstainability in manufacturing is presented and used to illustrate sustainable approaches with respect to management, technology, process and product. Adaptation of products and components is a vital element for supporting efficient reuse of products and components. Consequently adaptation contributes to the ambitions goals of snstainability. Technological enablers for adaptation as modularity, information and communication technology are exemplarily introduced. Moreover, approaches for disseminating knowledge in sustainability are given.

关键词： Sustainability Manufacturing Adaptation Modularization Life cycle unit

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Patterning inconsistencies restrict the true potential of dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 692-693页

作者： Sameehan Mahajani Mathias Bähr sebastian Kügler Department of Neurology University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain at Department of Neurology University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Department of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)are multipotent stem cells genetically reprogrammed using transcription factors,such as Sox2,c-Myc,Oct3/4 and Klf4(Takahashi and Yamanaka,2006)from fibroblasts,derived from either patient or control *** factors are highly expressed in embryonic stem cells,and their overexpression can induce pluripotency in human somatic cells such as *** the generation of hiPSCs after reprogramming,these cells can be further differentiated into multiple neuronal cell types by using a strictly designed *** process is known as *** use of these hiPSCs derived neurons holds immense potential for researchers to uncover the underpinnings of disease pathophysiology and therefore is considered as a powerful tool.

关键词： potential restrict holds

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Robustness and efficiency of voting consensus protocols within byzantine infrastructures

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Angelo Capossele sebastian Müller Andreas Penzkofer IOTA Foundation 10405BerlinGermany Aix-Marseille Universitae CNRSCentrale MarseilleI2MUMR 737313453MarseilleFrance

This paper investigates several voting consensus protocols with low computational complexity in noisy Byzantine *** computer simulations,we show that explicit randomization of the consensus protocol can significantly increase the robustness towards faulty and malicious *** identify the optimal amount of randomness for various Byzantine attack strategies on different kinds of network topologies.

关键词： Distributed systems Consensus protocols Byzantine infrastructures Simulation studies

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An in vitro and in silico study of anti-dermatophytic activity of gossypol from fruits of Thespesia populnea(L.)*** Correa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第12期11卷 543-552页

作者： Anuthara R sebastian Jose Midhun Jyothis Mathew Microbiology Research Lab School of BiosciencesMahatma Gandhi UniversityKottayamKeralaIndia

Objective:To isolate,purify,and characterize gossypol from the fruits of Thespesia populnea(L)*** Correa,test its antidermatophytic activity,identify its targets on the dermatophyte,and confirm the binding of gossypol with the fungal target by molecular docking ***:Gossypol from Thespesia populnea was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatographmass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nuclear magnetic *** anti-dermatophytic activity of gossypol was tested against four different dermatophytes,*** mentagrophytes,Trichophyton rubrum,Microsporum canis,and Microsporum *** mentagrophytes was selected for further *** inhibitory mode of action of gossypol on Trichophyton mentagrophytes was determined by analyzing the modulation of gene expression in various pathways of the ***:Gossypol inhibited all the *** minimum inhibitory concentrations were 12.5μg/mL for Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis and 25μg/mL for Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum *** minimum fungicidal concentrations were 50μg/mL for Trichophyton mentagrophytes,100μg/mL for Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum,and 200μg/mL for Microsporum *** inhibited the mRNA expression of metalloprotease(MEP4)and isocitrate lyase(ICL).The binding of gossypol with the enzymes was confirmed by molecular docking *** best docking poses were found and the low binding energies were recorded with the two target ***:Gossypol is a potential antifungal agent and can be further explored as an anti-dermatophytic drug.

关键词： Thespesia populnea Gossypol Anti-dermatophytic activity Trichophyton mentagrophytes Mechanism of action Gene expression Molecular docking Metalloprotease MEP4 Isocitrate lyase ICL

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