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Tracking of horizontal alignment of the long and large diameter uncharged hole in NATM tunnel

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Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 18-28页

作者： Min-Seong Kim sean Seungwon Lee Department of Energy and Resources Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The long and large diameter uncharged hole boring(LLB)method is a cut blasting method that minimizes blast-induced vibrations by creating long and large diameter uncharged holes at the excavation face of tunnels prior to tunnel *** in this method typically uses a 50 m long with a 382 mm diameter hammer bit in the horizontal direction at the tunnel ***,the significant weight and uni-directional rotation of the rod head,as well as variables such as geological characteristics,machine conditions,and inexperienced operators result in significant deviation from the target borehole alignment that hinders the vibration-dampening effect of the uncharged ***,since there is no method to verify the alignment of the boreholes until main tunnel construction,borehole misalignment is often not discovered until weeks after construction,which requires tunnel construction to cease until the equipment can be remobilized and an additional borehole be created,causing significant delays and increased costs for the entire tunnel *** this study,the borehole alignment tracking and ground exploration system(BGS)is developed to predict and monitor the quality and alignment of boreholes for cut blasting methods such as the LLB methods immediately after *** BGS was subsequently tested at a subway construction site to evaluate its performance in the *** measurements yielded by the BGS were compared with manually measured boring positions at every 5 m along the *** the BGS showed a maximum deviation of approximately 12%at a local point where the hole surface was relatively rough,the accuracy for the final boring position was approximately 97%,demonstrating excellent precision of the alignment tracking *** BGS demonstrates excellent performance in predicting ground conditions and the boring quality of a cut hole immediately after drilling,and shows promise in various other applications for monitoring borehole alignment.

关键词： Tunnel blasting LLB method Drilling deviation Vertical sagging Horizontal alignment tracking BGS

The component-activity interrelationship of cobalt-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting:Strategies and performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 453-474页

作者： Mingjie Sun Riyue Ge sean Li Liming Dai Yiran Li Bin Liu Wenxian Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia UNSW Materials&Manufacturing Futures Institute UNSW SydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia School of Chemical Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic ***,conventional water electrolysis systems based on cobalt-based monofunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)or oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts have certain shortcomings in terms of resource utilization and *** contrast,cobalt-based bifunctional catalysts(CBCs)have attracted much attention in recent years for overall water splitting systems because of their practicality and reduced preparation cost of *** review aims to address the latest development in CBCs for total *** main modification strategies of CBCs are systematically classified in water electrolysis to provide an overview of how to regulate their morphology and electronic ***,the catalytic performance of CBCs in total-hydrolysis is summarized according to the types of cobalt-based phosphides,sulfides and oxides,and the mechanism of strengthened electrocatalytic ability is emphasized through combining experiments and theoretical *** efforts are finally suggested to focus on exploring the dynamic conversion of reaction intermediates and building near-industrial CBCs,designing advanced CBC materials through micro-modulation,and addressing commercial applications.

关键词： Cobalt Bifunctional electrocatalysis Water splitting Modification strategies Electrocatalytic performances

Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan sean M.Riordan Matthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

Coating powder beds with liquids and foams based on viscous formulations using a twin screw mixer:A continuous process study

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 364-376页

作者： Mohamed S.Manga Dimitrios Kontziampasis Mustafa Al-Maqdad sean Clifford Serafim Bakalis David W.York School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Science and Engineering University of DundeeDD14HNDundeeScotlandUK Dundee International Institute of Central South University Tongzipo RoadCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410013China Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNE17RUUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNG72RDUK

Coating with viscous formulations has been essential in numerous industries as it can be a means for providing functionalization, additional properties, as well as other benefits. However, there have been scarce studies that have investigated and proposed methodologies in literature. Continuous coating of powders with viscous liquids poses as a promising technology, which has been mentioned in some studies, but has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper employs the use of image processing and analysis, in combination with statistical analysis of particles to evaluate the effectiveness of foams and liquids as a means of coating powder beds. Two different sizes of twin screw mixers that are working in continuous operation are employed, and a new continuous foaming device is fabricated and used for the experiments of coating. The effect of materials and process parameters (as for example rotational speed, and flowrate) on the quality of coating are investigated. Image analysis is used to assess the coating quality. The results clearly showcase the potential of using twin screw mixers for coating purposes and not only for mixing. The hypothesis that using large bubble foams to improve the coating of viscous liquids on particles is proven correct, as they provide higher quality coatings compared to their equivalent liquids, when used in the twin screw mixer. Surprisingly, using a larger scale twin screw mixer, does not show a substantial effect on the mixing, regarding quality, however there is still a requirement for mix optimization for achieving scale-up of this process. These results provide a new pathway for coating powders with viscous formulations in industrial applications, requiring less energy and effort in this process, and can pave the way towards introducing more sustainable industrial methodologies for coating.

关键词： Powder coating Continuous processing Viscous liquid Foam Image analysis Positron emission particle traking(PEPT)

Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roach Luke C.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod Leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

Space Rocks-and Dust-Roll into Planetary Science Limelight

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 3-6页

作者： sean O’Neill Senior Technology Writer

Space sample retrieval is having a *** 24 September 2023,in a triumph of complex engineering,a US National Aeronau-tics and Space Administration(NASA)mission,OSIRUS-REx(short for origins,spectral interpretation,resource identification,and security-regolith explorer;regolith is the surface layer of uncon-solidated rocks and dust/soil covering bedrock),successfully deliv-ered to Earth a capsule containing the largest sample of asteroid material ever collected,captured from Bennu.

关键词： rock Earth origin

High-entropy catalysts for electrochemical water-electrolysis of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第3期18卷 265-290页

作者： Simiao SHA Riyue GE Ying LI Julie M.CAIRNEY Rongkun ZHENG sean LI Bin LIU Jiujun ZHANG Wenxian LI School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis School of AerospaceMechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia School of Physics The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Materials&Manufacturing Futures InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

High entropy materials (HEMs) have developed rapidly in the field of electrocatalytic water-electrolysis for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their unique properties. In particular, HEM catalysts are composed of many elements. Therefore, they have rich active sites and enhanced entropy stability relative to single atoms. In this paper, the preparation strategies and applications of HEM catalysts in electrochemical water-electrolysis are reviewed to explore the stabilization of HEMs and their catalytic mechanisms as well as their application in support green hydrogen production. First, the concept and four characteristics of HEMs are introduced based on entropy and composition. Then, synthetic strategies of HEM catalysts are systematically reviewed in terms of the categories of bottom-up and top-down. The application of HEMs as catalysts for electrochemical water-electrolysis in recent years is emphatically discussed, and the mechanisms of improving the performance of electrocatalysis is expounded by combining theoretical calculation technology and ex-situ/in situ characterization experiments. Finally, the application prospect of HEMs is proposed to conquer the challenges in HEM catalyst fabrications and applications.

关键词： high-entropy electrocatalysis synthetic methods water-electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen evolutions

Physically active primary care physicians consult more on physical activity and exercise for patients: A public teaching-hospital study

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 82-88页

作者： Ann Kee Lee Rosediani Bt Muhamad Vina Phei sean Tan Exercise&Sports Science School of Health SciencesHealth CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia16150Kubang KerianMalaysia Department of Family Medicine School of Medical SciencesHealth CampusUniversiti Sains Malaysia16150Kubang KerianMalaysia

Physical activity and exercise(PAE)improve quality of life and reduce the effects of chronic *** care physicians(PCPs)play an important role to encourage PAE in *** aim to assess PCPs'current PAE consultation practices and their enablers/barriers in daily clinical *** had 64 PCPs(age[35.3±4.7]y,47 women)that completed self-administered questionnaires on PAE consultation practices,training,and confidence ***(n=42)also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form to assess their physical activity(PA)*** conducted correlation,one-way analysis of variance and a linear regression to assess the associations between enablers,barriers and PA levels to PAE consultation *** average,PCPs consulted on PAE in 49.7%of their daily clinical *** of PCPs(70%)strongly agreed that more PAE knowledge were needed to increase consultation *** three barriers related(p<0.001)to practices were lack of PAE education(r=0.47),patients’preference of pharmaceutical interventions(r=0.45)and lack of continuing education in PAE for PCPs(r=0.37).Physically active PCPs(health-enhancing PA levels,n=6)gave significantly more daily consultations in PAE,73.2%±21.9%,compared to inactive PCPs(n=13),37.4%22.8%(p=0.013).In our regression output,PCPs who had higher PA levels consulted more on PAE daily(R^(2)=0.38,p<0.001)while controlling for ***,PCPs require more knowledge on PAE and need be physically active themselves to increase PAE consultation for patients in their daily *** education should consider including more PA and exercise topics that may benefit both physicians and their patients.

关键词： Physical activity and exercise Primary care physicians Consultations Exercise prescription Medicine

Exercise and nutrition benefit skeletal muscle:From influence factor and intervention strategy to molecular mechanism

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 302-314页

作者： Lili Feng Bowen Li Su sean Yong Xiaonan Wu Zhenjun Tian College of Education Physical Education DepartmentZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China The Information and Communication College National University of Defense TechnologyXi'an710106China Institute of Sports Biology College of Physical EducationShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China

Sarcopenia is a progressive systemic skeletal muscle disease induced by various physiological and pathological factors,including aging,malnutrition,denervation,and cardiovascular diseases,manifesting as the decline of skeletal muscle mass and *** exercise and nutrition produce beneficial effects on skeletal muscle growth and are viewed as feasible strategies to prevent *** involve regulating blood flow,oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,protein synthesis and degradation,and satellite cell activation through exerkines and gut *** this review,we summarized and discussed the latest progress and future development of the above mechanisms for providing a theoretical basis and ideas for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

关键词： Skeletal muscle Sarcopenia Exercise Diet Exerkines Signaling pathway Satellite cells