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鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶抑制因子1多态性与乙型肝炎肝硬化的关系

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中华肝脏病杂志 2011年第3期19卷 169-173页

作者：彭利军郭津生张哲石虹王剑 scott l.friedman John J.Sninsky 王吉耀上海复旦大学附属中山医院消化科 200032 Division of liver Diseases Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York Celera Corporation Alameda California

目的研究一种高加索人群丙型肝炎肝硬化风险评分模型（cirrhosis risk score，CRS）相关基因的多态性与中国人群乙型肝炎肝硬化的关系，评估该模型在乙型肝炎肝硬化中的应用价值。方法用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱法检测相关的1... 详细信息

目的研究一种高加索人群丙型肝炎肝硬化风险评分模型（cirrhosis risk score，CRS）相关基因的多态性与中国人群乙型肝炎肝硬化的关系，评估该模型在乙型肝炎肝硬化中的应用价值。方法用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱法检测相关的11个单核苷酸多态性位点，研究人群包括肝硬化组患者和对照组无肝硬化表现者，分析各位点与肝硬化的关系，比较肝硬化组和对照组CRS值的差异。用x^2检验检测哈维平衡验证样本的群体代表性。两组计量资料的比较用f检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验。单个单核苷酸多态性基因型等分类数据与肝硬化发生的关系用Pearson X^2检验，差异有统计学意义的单核苷酸多态性位点进一步用logistic回归分析判断在显性模型、隐性模型和加性模型下基因型与肝硬化发生的关系，计算比值比及95％可信区间，比值比经性别和年龄校正。结果鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶抑制因子1基因的rs2679757位点与肝硬化的发生相关（x^2=6．79，P〈0．05），与AA纯合子相比，携带危险等位基因G的GG＋AG基因型显著增加肝硬化的发生风险，比值比为1．63，95％可信区间为1．13～2．35。位于Toll样受体4基因的rs4986791位点和鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶抑制因子1基因的rs62522600位点在中国人群中无多态性基因型。其他研究位点与肝硬化的发生无相关性（JD〉0．05）。肝硬化组和对照组的CRS中位数分别为0．57和0．62，两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论鸟氨酸脱羧酶抗酶抑制因子1多态性rs2679757与乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生相关。高加索人群CRS模型相关的两个多态性位点在中国人群中缺乏多态性，该CRS对评估有无乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生无明显价值，其他多态性位点仍需进一步临床验证。

关键词：肝硬化多态性单核苷酸鸟氨酸脱羧酶

Polymorphisms of AZIN1 rs2679757 and TRPM5 rs886277 are Associated with Cirrhosis Risk in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

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国际感染病学（电子版） 2012年第2期1卷 103-109页

作者： li-jun Peng Jin-sheng Guo Zhe Zhang li-li liu Yi-rong Cao Hong Shi Jian Wang scott l.friedman John J.Sninsky Ji-yao Wang Division of Digestive Diseases Department of Internal MedicineZhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan University Division of liver Diseases Mount Sinai School of Medicine Celera Corporation

Objective Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have linked many single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to the outcomes of a variety of liver *** aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of several candidate SNPs with the risk and severity of cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B in a Chinese *** A total of 714 Chinese participants with persistent HBV infection were *** were divided into cirrhotic(n=429)and non-cirrhotic(n=285)groups based on clinical and pathological *** progression rate and severity of liver cirrhosis were evaluated with an arbitrary t-score *** of six SNPs in five candidate genes were detected with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MAlDI-TOF MS).The genotypic distributions of the SNPs were compared between the age-matched cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic *** association between the risk of SNPs and the severity and progression rate of cirrhosis was further *** Rs2679757 polymorphism of the antizyme inhibitor 1(AZIN1)gene and Rs886277 in the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M,member 5 gene(TRPM5)were found to be associated with cirrhosis risk in *** were also correlated with the overall severity and progression rate of *** frequencies of other SNPs were not different between the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis *** AZIN1 rs2679757 and TRPM5 rs886277 are associated with the risk and the progression rate of HBV-related liver fibrosis in Chinese *** emerging SNPs associated with cirrhosis prognosis warrant further clinical validation in other CHB cohorts or ethnic groups,and merit mechanistic studies to reveal their roles in fibrosis progression.

关键词： Hepatitis B Cirrhosis Single nucleotide polymorphism Antizyme inhibitor 1 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M,member 5

Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： Eva E.Stefanova Angela l.scott Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the last several decades,the scientific community has made substantial progress in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying spinal cord ***,despite the many advances using conventional mammalian models,both cellular and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury have remained out of *** this sense,turning to non-mammalian,regenerative species presents a unique opportunity to identify pro-regenerative cues and chara cterize a spinal cord microenvironment permissive to *** the signaling pathways hypothesized to be dysregulated during spinal cord injury is the purinergic signaling *** addition to its well-known role as energy currency in cells,ATP and its metabolites are small molecule neurotransmitte rs that mediate many diverse cellular processes within the central nervous *** our unde rstanding of the roles of the purinergic system following spinal cord injury is limited,this signaling pathway has been implicated in all injury-induced secondary processes,including cellular death,inflammation,reactive gliosis,and neural *** that the purinergic system is also evolutionarily conserved between mammalian and non-mammalian species,comparisons of these roles may provide important insights into conditions responsible for recovery ***,we compare the secondary processes between key model species and the influence of purinergic signaling in each *** our understanding of this signaling system and pro-regenerative conditions continues to evolve,so does the potential for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： cell death differenriation glia inflammation neurogenesis proliferation purinergic signaling reactive gliosis regeneration spinal cord injury teleost

Perspectives:Gene expression in fisheries management

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 157-174页

作者： Jennifer l.NIElSEN scott A.PAVEY US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Department of Biological Sciences Simon Frasier University National Park Service

Functional genes and gene expression have been connected to physiological traits linked to effective production and broodstock selection in aquaculture, selective implications of commercial fish harvest, and adaptive changes reflected in non-commercial fish populations subject to human disturbance and climate change. Gene mapping using single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） to identify functional genes, gene expression （analogue microarrays and real-time PCR）, and digital sequencing technologies looking at RNA transcripts present new concepts and opportunities in support of effective and sustainable fisheries. Genomic tools have been rapidly growing in aquaculture research addressing aspects of fish health, toxicology, and early development. Genomic technologies linking effects in functional genes involved in growth, maturation and life history development have been tied to selection resulting from harvest practices. Incorporating new and ever-increasing knowledge of fish gehomes is opening a different perspective on local adaptation that will prove invaluable in wild fish conservation and management. Conservation of fish stocks is rapidly incorporating research on critical adaptive responses directed at the effects of human dis- turbance and climate change through gene expression studies. Genomic studies of fish populations can be generally grouped into three broad categories： l） evolutionary genomics and biodiversity; 2） adaptive physiological responses to a changing environment; and 3） adaptive behavioral genomics and life history diversity. We review current genomic research in fisheries focusing on those that use microarrays to explore differences in gene expression among phenotypes and within or across populations, information that is critically important to the conservation of fish and their relationship to humans [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 157-174, 2010].

关键词： Fish genome Fisheries management Conservation Gene expression

Technology advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtually simulated environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine l. DOlINS Kenneth SCHWEllER scott MIlNE Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simulated environments provide multiple ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingproblem solving with humans （e.g., Woollett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technologyhas increasingly become an essential part of modern life （e.g., autonomously driving vehicles, glo-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairlie 2007; Brown 2011）.While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technology, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tools, in captive animal environments the opportunity to actively participate withinteractive technology is not often made available. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and laboratory facilities （e.g., Mallavarapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technologyis available, captive animals often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Clay et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchself-efficacy may help to fulfill basic requirements in a species＇ daily activities using problem solv-ing that can involve foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in fulfilling thestrong underlying motivation for contrafreeloading and exploration expressed behaviorally bymany species in captivity （Young 1999）. Moreover, being able to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abilities and spatial cognition. It allows for insight into the generation andapplication of internal mental representations of landmarks and environments under multiple con-ditions （e.g., small- and large-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality developed to investigate the spatial cognitive abilities of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particular, in comparison with that of humans of multiple age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.

Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.lópez-Chuken scott D.Young Division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variable SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and （2） to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic ligand Model （BlM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BlM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic ligand model root surface area Cd complexation metal exposure time hydroponics plant uptake

leaf size versus leaf numbertradeoffs in dioecious angiosperms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 29-35页

作者： Stephanie l.scott lonnie W.Aarssen Department of Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6

Aims We explore the possible role of leaf size/number trade-offs for the interpretation of leaf size dimorphism in dioecious plant *** Total above-ground biomass(both male and female)for three herbaceous dioecious species and individual shoots(from both male and female plants)for three woody dioecious species were sampled to record individual leaf dry mass,number of leaves,dry mass of residual above-ground tissue(all remaining non-leaf biomass),number of flowers/inflorescences(for herbaceous species)and number of *** Findings For two out of three woody species and two out of three herbaceous species examined,male plants produced smaller leaves but with higher leafing intensity—*** leaves per unit of supporting(residual)shoot tissue or plant body mass—compared with *** and female plants,however,did not differ in shoot or plant body mass or branching *** interpret these results as possible evidence for a dimorphic leaf deployment strategy that promotes both male and female function,*** male plants,capacity as a pollen donor may be favored by selection for a broadly spaced floral display,hence favoring relatively high leafing intensity because this provides more numerous axillary meristems that can be deployed for flowering,thus requiring a relatively small leaf as a *** one herbaceous species,higher leafing intensity in males was associated with greater flower production than in *** contrast,in female plants,selection favors a relatively large leaf,we propose,because this promotes greater capacity for localized photosynthate production,thus supporting the locally high energetic cost of axillary fruit and seed development,which in turn requires a relatively low leafing intensity as a trade-off.

关键词： bud bank leaf dimorphism leafing intensity dioecy

local and global methods in representations of Hecke algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第2期61卷 207-226页

作者： Jie Du Brian J.Parshall leonard l.scott School of Mathematics and Statistics University of New South Wales(UNSW) Department of Mathematics University of Virginia

This paper aims at developing a "local-global" approach for various types of finite dimensional algebras, especially those related to Hecke algebras. The eventual intention is to apply the methods and applications developed here to the cross-characteristic representation theory of finite groups of lie type. We first review the notions of quasi-hereditary and stratified algebras over a Noetherian commutative ring. We prove that many global properties of these algebras hold if and only if they hold locally at every prime ideal. When the commutative ring is sufficiently good, it is often sufficient to check just the prime ideals of height at most one. These methods are applied to construct certain generalized q-Schur algebras, proving they are often quasi-hereditary(the "good" prime case) but always stratified. Finally, these results are used to prove a triangular decomposition matrix theorem for the modular representations of Hecke algebras at good primes. In the bad prime case, the generalized q-Schur algebras are at least stratified, and a block triangular analogue of the good prime case is proved, where the blocks correspond to Kazhdan-lusztig cells.

关键词： quasi-hereditary algebra stratified algebra Hecke algebra Schur algebra left cell endomorphism algebra exact category height one prime

Assessing display variability in wild brown anoles Anolis sagrei using a mechanical lizard model

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah R. PARTAN Peter OTOVIC Virginia l. PRICE scott E. BROWN School of Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA Department of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals used for species identity ought to be highly stereotyped so as to facilitate immediate recognition by conspecifics. It is surprising therefore to find variability in putative species signature displays. The brown anole Anolis sagrei has a high degree of variability in its signature bobbing display. In this study we collected descriptive data on variability in the temporal structure of wild brown anole bobbing patterns, finding that no two displays analyzed had the same temporal structure, and we also tested whether wild brown anoles prefer the signature display over an alternate display pattern by using mechanical robot playbacks in the field. As a response metric we assessed whether or not the lizards showed social responses （pushup, dewlap extension, or head-nod） in response to the robotic presentations. We found that the lizards responded slightly more to the signature than to the alternate pattern, providing support for the idea that despite the variability seen in displays, the signature pattern is meaningful to them. We tested two other independent variables： speed of the display and elevation of the robot during its display, neither of which was significant. Dewlap extensions were given predominantly by adult males and were more likely to be given in the breeding season than the nonbreeding season. Pushups and head-nods were given equally by males and a combined class of females and juveniles, and were not seasonal. Head-nods increased after the robot turned off, suggesting that they may be used in a conversational turn-taking style during communication .

关键词： Species recognition Ethorobotics Visual signals Territoriality Signature display Sex differences