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Can a Teacher Salary Increase Promote Students' Educational Performance?

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China & World Economy 2024年第4期32卷 114-145页

作者： Tianyang Liu Baozhong Su Jingjing Wang scott rozelle College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityChina College of Agricultural Economics and Management Shanxi Agricultural UniversityChina Stanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions Stanford UniversityUSA

Policymakers in China have attempted to improve the quality of rural education by investing in teacher salaries through initiatives like the Rural Teachers Support Plan(RTSP).This study estimates the efects of teacher salary increase on students'educational outcomes in rural China by utilizing the exogenous variations of rural teacher salaries induced by the *** employs an intensity-based difference-in-differences strategy and panel data from 2010 to 2018 with 3,351 rural *** findings reveal that an increase in teacher salaries had a significant positive impact on students'examination *** the results of mechanism analysis indicate that salary increases could have both quality and quantity effects on students'outcomes by increasing the proportion of highly educated teachers and reducing the student-teacher *** findings contribute to the discussion on the importance of teacher salary incentives in education production functions and provide insights for other countries undertaking rural education reforms.

关键词： educational performance rural children Rural Teachers Support Plan teache salary

A decade of Bt cotton in Chinese fields: Assessing the direct effects and indirect externalities of Bt cotton adoption in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 981-991页

作者： scott rozelle Carl PRAY Food Security and the Environment Program Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers the State University of New Jersey

The objective of this study is to examine whether or not the gains from reduced spraying for bollworms are being sustained more than one decade after the initial adoption in 2007. Based on farm-level data collected by the authors in 1999–2007 in 16 villages from 4 provinces, this study shows that insecticides applied for controlling bollworms have declined. This analysis supports Chinese policy makers’ decision to not require refuges of non-Bt cotton fields. It also suggests that past studies may have underestimated the benefits from adopting Bt technology.

关键词： biotechnology Bt cotton insecticide sustainability externalities China

Education Universalization,Rural School Participation,and Population Density

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China & World Economy 2022年第4期30卷 4-30页

作者： Xi Zhang scott rozelle Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChina Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford Universitythe US

In many developing countries,low population density may be a major reason for low school participation in rural areas,and the problem is likely to worsen with rapid ***,few studies have investigated empirically the role of population density in rural education,especially the moderating effect of population density on the outcomes of education *** study aims to fill this gap in the *** 1999 through the early 2000s,China launched a set of major nationwide policies aimed at universalizing 9-year compulsory education in rural *** difference-in-differences and triple difference strategies,we show that the policies significantly increased the probability of junior high school enrollment of rural children and,more importantly,these policies were more effective in densely populated *** findings confirm the imporance of population density to rural education.

关键词： enrollment rate policy effectiveness rural population density universal 9-year compulsory education policy

Introduction＂ China＇s Rural Economy And Human Captial

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 1-2页

作者： scott rozelle Linxiu Zhang Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA Professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China

As China moves into its fourth decade of reform, the economic environment is changing rapidly. Wages are rising. The supply of labor is falling. China＇s economy is maturing. As a consequence, in China today the nature of wage employment and self-employment is changing. Migration is rising. The need for higher levels of education to be attained （high school and above） has never been greater.

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Gender and Off-farm Employment： Evidence from Rural China

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 18-36页

作者： Xiaobing Wang Linghui Han Jikun Huang Linxiu Zhang scott rozelle Associate Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China. Researcher Research Institute of Fiscal Science Ministry of Finance and the National Institute for Fiscal Studies Tsinghua University China Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA

The goal of the present paper is to examine how the expansion of the economy from 2000 has affected rural off-farm labor market participation. Specifically, we seek to determine whether off-farm labor increased after 2000, what forms of employment are driving trends in off-farm labor and whether gender differences can be observed in off- farm employment trends. Using a nationally representative dataset that consist of two waves of surveys conducted in 2000 and 2008 in six provinces, this paper finds that off- farm labor market participation continued to rise steadily in the early 2000s. However, there is a clear difference in the trends associated with occupational choice before and after 2000. In addition, we find that rural oy^farm employment trends are diffbrent for men and women. Our analysis also shows that the rise of wage-earning employment corresponds with an increasing unskilled wage for both men and women.

关键词： gender rural China self-employment wages

Bt Cotton in China:Are Secondary Insect Infestations Offsetting the Benefits in Farmer Fields?

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第1期8卷 83-90页

作者： WANG Zi-jun LIN Hai HUANG Ji-kun HU Rui-fa scott rozelle Carl Pray Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R. China College of Economics and Management China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 P.R. China Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of Agriculture Food and Resource Economics Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901-8520 USA

The area sown to Bt cotton has expanded rapidly in China since 1997. It has effectively controlled the bollworm. However, in recent years, concern has surfaced about the emergence of secondary insect pests, particular mirids, in Bt cotton fields. This study measures the patterns of insecticide use based on farm-level from 1999 to 2006, the analysis demonstrates a rise in insecticide use to control mirids between 2001 and 2004, secondary insect infestations is largely related to the rise of mirids, but this rising did not continue in more than half of sample villages studied in 2004-2006. Moreover, the increase in insecticide use for the control of secondary insects is far smaller than the reduction in total insecticide use due to Bt cotton adoption. Further econometric analyses show that rise and fall of mirids is largely related to local temperature and rainfall.

关键词： Bt cotton secondary insect mirid China

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水果销售渠道主要影响因素的实证研究

系统工程理论与实践 2009年第4期29卷 58-66页

作者：乌云花黄季焜 scott rozelle 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心北京100101 中国科学院研究生院北京100039 内蒙古农业大学呼和浩特010018 斯坦福大学国际研究所斯坦福95616

在山东省通过分层随机抽样的方法抽取种植苹果的农户,采用统计及经济计量模型方法对农户的水果销售渠道的特征及其农户选择不同的销售渠道的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,虽然加工企业、出口企业、超市及专业供应商等现代采购... 详细信息

在山东省通过分层随机抽样的方法抽取种植苹果的农户,采用统计及经济计量模型方法对农户的水果销售渠道的特征及其农户选择不同的销售渠道的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,虽然加工企业、出口企业、超市及专业供应商等现代采购渠道已经出现,并有显著的增长趋势,但目前小商贩和批发商等传统渠道仍然是与农户进行直接交易的主体.现代渠道的崛起并不排斥小规模农户的进入,他们同样在市场扩展中得到益处,这同目前我国小规模的农户生产以及富有竞争的批发市场紧密相关.研究同时也发现,交通及市场基础设施条件、地区规模效应、农户生产经验及非农就业等因素显著影响着农户的销售渠道选择行为.根据研究结果,讨论了相应的政策含义.

关键词：水果销售渠道影响因素中国山东苹果

Impact of Childcare and Eldercare on Off-farm Activities in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2015年第2期23卷 100-120页

作者： Fangbin Qiao scott rozelle Linxiu Zhang Yi Yao Jian Zhang China Economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing China Research Center Stanford University Stanford USA Center for Chinese Agriculture Policy Institute for Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and Economies Beijing China School of Economies Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing China

Using individual data collected in rural China and adopting Heckman＇s two-step function, we examined the impact of childcare and eldercare on laborers＇ off-farm activities. Our study finds that having school-aged children has a negative impact on rural laborers＇ migration decisions and a positive impact on their decision to work in the local off-farm employment market. As grandparents can help to take care of young children, the impact of preschoolers is insignificant. Having elderly family to care for decreases the income earned by female members of the family. Although both men and women are actively engaged in off-farm employment today in rural China, this study shows that women are still the primary care providers for both children and the elderly. Therefore, reforming public school enrollment and high school/college entrance examination systems so that migrant children can stay with their parents, this will help rural laborers to migrate to cities. The present study also calls for more public services for preschoolers and the elderly in rural China.

关键词： childcare China eldercare gender migration

Effects of Parental Migration on Mental Health of Left-behind Children： Evidence from Northwestern China

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 105-122页

作者： Yaojiang Shi Yu Bai Yanni Shen, Kaleigh Kenny scott rozelle Professor Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China. PhD candidate Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China. Graduate student Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China. Research Assistant Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA. Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA.

China＇s rapid development and urbanization have induced large numbers of rural residents to migrate from their homes in the countryside to urban areas in search of higher wages. It is estimated that there are more than 60 million ＂left-behind children ＂＂（LBC） remaining in the countryside after their parents migrate, typically living with surrogate caregivers. Extensive research has focused on the impact of parental out- migration on children＇s mental health, but less attention has been paid to the effects of parental return-migration. The present paper examines the changes in mental health before and after the parents of fourth and fifih grade students out-migrate or return-migrate. We draw on a panel dataset collected by the authors of more than 19 000 students from 252 rural primary schools in northwestern China. Using DID and propensity score matching approaches, our results indicate that parental out-migration has a significant negative impact on the mental health of LBC, as they tend to exhibit higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem. However, we find that parental return-migration has no significant effect on the mental health of LBC.

关键词： left-behind children mental health out-migration return-migration rural China