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Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun lI Jing ZHENG Bo lI Min MIN Yanan lIU Chian-Yi lIU Zhenglong lI WPaul MENZEl Timothy J.SCHMIT John l.CINTINEO scott lINDSTROM scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han lIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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Electrocondensation and Evaporation of Attoliter Water Droplets: Direct Visualization Using Atomic Force Microscopy

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Nano Research 2010年第5期3卷 307-316页

作者： Narendra Kurra Adina scott Giridhar U.Kulkarni Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and DST Unit on Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur POBangalore 560064India Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA

Working with a biased atomic force microscope(AFM)tip in the tapping mode under ambient atmosphere,attoliter(10^(-18) l)water droplet patterns have been generated on a patterned carbonaceous *** is essentially electrocondensation of water leading to charged droplets,as evidenced from electrostatic force microscopy *** droplets are unusual in that they exhibit a highly corrugated surface and evaporate rather slowly,taking several tens of minutes.

关键词： Electrocondensation attoliter water droplets biased atomic force microscope(AFM)lithography electron beam induced deposition carbonaceous deposition

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Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model

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Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 182-193页

作者： Xianrong Zhang Ji Zhu Fei liu Yumei li Abhishek Chandra l scott levin Frank Beier Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto ling Qin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ONCanada Department of Surgery The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Osteoarthritis （OA） is a degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in older adults. We have previously identified epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） signaling as an important regulator of cartilage matrix degradation during epiphyseal cartilage development. To study its function in OA progression, we performed surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus （DMM） to induce OA in two mouse models with reduced EGFR activity, one with genetic modification （, was/＋ mice） and the other one with pharmacological inhibition （gefitinib treatment）. Histological analyses and scoring at 3 months post-surgery revealed increased cartilage destruction and accelerated OA progression in both mouse models. TUNEl staining demonstrated that EGFR signaling protects chondrocytes from OA-induced apoptosis, which was further confirmed in primary chondrocyte culture. Immunohistochemistry showed increased aggrecan degradation in these mouse models, which coincides with elevated amounts of ADAMTS5 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 （MMP13）, the principle proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation, in the articular cartilage after DMM surgery. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α （HIF2α）, a critical catabolic transcription factor stimulating MMP13 expression during OA, was also upregulated in mice with reduced EGFR signaling. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a primarily protective role of EGFR during OA progression by regulating chondrocyte survival and cartilage degradation.

关键词： EGFR Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model

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Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer’s disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 511-531页

作者： Steven N.Austad scott Ballinger Thomas W.Buford Christy S.Carter Daniel l.Smith Jr Victor Darley-Usmar Jianhua Zhang Department of Biology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Medicine University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA

Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic *** developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need,the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients,on disease pathogenesis,have been *** is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex,microbiome,and circadian *** a major part of intracellular metabolism,mitochondrial bioenergetics,mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms,and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic *** review summarizes and highlights these efforts.

关键词： Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial electron transport chain Mitochondrial quality control Reactive species DAMPs Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway Diabetes Circadian regulation Microbiome

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Proteome changes of porcine follicular fluid during follicle development

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 367-379页

作者： Victor M.Paes Shengfa F.liao Jose R.Figueiredo scott T.Willard Peter l.Ryan Jean M.Feugang Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences Mississippi State University4025 Wise CenterPO Box 9815StarkvilleMississippi State MS 39762USA laboratory of Manipulation of Oocyte and Preantral follicles State University of CearáFortalezaCEBrazil

Background:Ovarian follicular fluid influences follicle and oocyte growth,but the fluctuation of its protein content during folliculogenesis has not been comprehensively *** we used a shotgun approach and bioinformatics analyses to investigate and compare the proteomes of porcine follicular fluid(pFF)obtained from small(large(>6–12 mm)***:Follicular fluid samples containing highest estrogen levels were selected as non-atretic from small(SNA:26.1±15 ng/ml),medium(MNA:162±54 ng/ml),and large(lNA:290±37 ng/ml)follicles for proteomic *** detected 1627,1699,and 1756 proteins in SNA,MNA,and lNA samples,*** 60–63%of total proteins were specific to each sample,11–13%were shared in pairwise comparisons,and 247 proteins were shared among all *** categorization indicated comparable gene ontology(GO)terms distribution per cellular component,molecular function,and biological process categories across samples;however,the ranking of highly significantly enriched GO terms per category revealed differences between *** patterns of proteinto-protein interactions varied throughout follicle development,and proteins such as serine protease inhibitor,clade E(SERPINE);plasminogen activator,urokinase(PlAU);and plasminogen activator,urokinase receptor(PlAUR)appeared stage-specific to SNA,MNA,and lNA,***“complement and coagulation cascades”was the common major ***,properdin and fibulin-1 were abundant proteins that appeared absent in lNA ***:This study provides extensive and functional analyses of the pFF proteome changes during folliculogenesis and offers the potential for novel biomarker discovery in pFF for oocyte quality assessment.

关键词： Follicular fluid Folliculogenesis Pig Shotgun proteomic

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Transcriptome-Based Examination of Putative Pollen Allergens of Rice （Oryza sativa ssp. japonica）

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Molecular Plant 2008年第5期1卷 751-759页

作者： scott D. Russell Prem l. Bhalla Mohan B. Singh Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology laboratory Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research Faculty of Land and Food Resources The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia

Pollen allergens are among the most abundantly transcribed and translated products in the life history of plants, and particularly grasses. To identify different pollen allergens in rice, putative allergens were identified in the rice genome and their expression characterized using the Affymetrix 57K rice GeneChip microarray. Among the most abundant pollen-specific candidate transcripts were Ory s 1 beta-expansin, Ory s 2, Ory s 7 EF hand, Q ry s 11, Ory s 12 profilin A, Ory s 23, glycosyl hydrolase family 28 （polygalacturonase）, and FAD binding proteins. Highly expressed pollen proteins are frequently present in multiple copy numbers, sometimes with mirror images located on nearby regions of the opposite DNA strand. Many of these are intronless and inserted as copies that retain nearly exact copies of their regulatory elements. Ory s 23 reflects low variability and high copy number, suggesting recent gene amplification. Some copies contain pseudogenes, which may reflect their origin through activity of retrotransposition; some putative allergenic sequences bear fusion products with repeat sequences of transposable elements （lTRs）. The abundance of nearby repetitive sequences, activation of transposable elements, and high production of mRNA transcripts appear to coincide in pollen and may contribute to a syndrome in which highly transcribed proteins may be copied and inserted with streamlined features for translation, including grouping and removal of introns.

关键词： life history Pollen Introns pollen antigen Transposons Allergens Gene Amplification

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Mammalian herbivory in post-fire chaparral impacts herbaceous composition but not N and C cycling

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第2期14卷 213-228页

作者： lindsey Hendricks-Franco scott l.Stephens Wayne P.Sousa Department of Integrative Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Division of Ecosystem Science Department of Environmental SciencePolicyand ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA

Aims Classical theory predicts that herbivores impact herb assemblages and soil nitrogen(N)cycling through selective plant consumption and the deposition of N-rich waste,with effects dependent upon ecosystem N *** are predicted to accelerate N cycling when N availability is high and decelerate cycling when availability is ***,experimental tests of these theories in natural systems are limited and have yielded contradictory ***’s widespread chaparral shrublands provide a tractable system in which to test these *** are prone to periodic crown fire,which temporarily removes living shrub cover,deposits mineral N on soils and allows diverse herbaceous assemblages to dominate the landscape for 3–5 *** is also increasingly vulnerable to herbaceous invasion;mammalian herbivory may limit the establishment of non-native herbs in the shrub *** We implemented a 2-year herbivore-exclosure experiment(Hopland,CA)to assess the impact of mammalian herbivory during early post-fire chaparral succession,both on herbaceous plant assemblages and soil N and C *** predicted that,in high-N post-fire conditions,mammalian herbivory would not demonstrate a strong preference for N-fixing herbs,would accelerate N cycling and would reduce the abundance of non-native *** Findings Excluding mammalian herbivores increased herb standing biomass by 54%,but changed neither the relative abundance of N-fixing ***-N-fixing herbs nor any measure of N or C *** impacts on nutrient cycling may not be significant over the 2-year time scale of the experiment and physical effects of herbivore activity could have counteracted the influence of plant litter and animal dung/urine *** herbivores concentrated their feeding on typical non-native herbs,slightly decreasing their relative abundance;however,mammalian herbivory was not sufficient to stem the invasion of chaparral by invasive herbs

关键词： herbivory fire plant invasion chaparral N cycling

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Variation in Heat-shock Proteins and Photosynthetic Thermotolerance among Natural Populations of Chenopodium album *** Contrasting Thermal Environments:Implications for Plant Responses to Global Warming

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1440-1451页

作者： Deepak Barua scott A.Heckathorn James S.Coleman Department of Biology Syracuse University Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo

Production of heat-shock proteins （Hsps） is a key adaptation to acute heat stress and will be important in determining plant responses to climate change. Further, intraspecifc variation in Hsps, which will influence species-level response to global warming, has rarely been examined in naturally occurring plants. To understand intraspecific variation in plant Hsps and its relevance to global warming, we examined Hsp content and thermotolerance in five naturally occurring populations of Chenopodium album l. from contrasting thermal environments grown at low and high temperatures. As expected, Hsp accumulation varied between populations, but this was related more to habitat variability than to mean temperature. Unexpectedly, Hsp accumulation decreased with increasing variability of habitat temperatures. Hsp accumulation also decreased with increased experimental growth temperatures. Physiological thermotolerance was partitioned into basal and induced components. As with Hsps, induced thermotolerance decreased with increasing temperature variability. Thus, populations native to the more stressful habitats, or grown at higher temperatures, had lower Hsp levels and induced thermotolerance, suggesting a greater reliance on basal mechanisms for thermotolerance. These results suggest that future global climate change will differentially impact ecotypes within species, possibly by selecting for increased basal versus inducible thermotolerance.

关键词： acclimation photosynthesis stress proteins temperature.

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leveraging Hazard,Exposure,and Social Vulnerability Data to Assess Flood Risk to Indigenous Communities in Canada

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 821-838页

作者： liton Chakraborty Jason Thistlethwaite Andrea Minano Daniel Henstra Daniel scott Public Safety Canada.Ottawa.ON K1A OPS.Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management.Faculty of En\imnmcnt.University of Waleiioo Waicrloo.ON N2A 0E9.Canada School of En\imnmcnt.Enterprise and De\elopmont.Faculty of Environment University of WaterlooWaterloo.ON N2L 3GICanada Department of Political Science University of Waterloo.Waterloo.ON N2L 3GL Canada

This study integrates novel data on 100-year flood hazard extents,exposure of residential properties,and place-based social vulnerability to comprehensively assess and compare flood risk between Indigenous communities living on 985 reserve lands and other Canadian communities across 3701 census ***-scale exposure of residential properties to fluvial,pluvial,and coastal flooding was estimated at the 100-year return period.A social vulnerability index(SVI)was developed and included 49 variables from the national census that represent demographic,social,economic,cultural,and infrastructure/community indicators of *** information system-based bivariate choropleth mapping of the composite SVI scores and of flood exposure of residential properties and population was completed to assess the spatial variation of flood *** found that about 81%of the 985 Indigenous land reserves had some flood exposure that impacted either population or residential *** analysis indicates that residential property-level flood exposure is similar between non-Indigenous and Indigenous communities,but socioeconomic vulnerability is higher on reserve lands,which confirms that the overall risk of Indigenous communities is *** suggest the need for more local verification of flood risk in Indigenous communities to address uncertainty in national scale analysis.

关键词： Canada Flood risk assessment Indigenous communities Social vulnerability

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The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 493-510页

作者： scott Rollo Olga Antsygina Mark S.Tremblay Healthy Active living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONK1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONK1H 8M5Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada

Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the *** with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age *** purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the ***:Five online databases(PsycINFO,PubMed,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,and Ovid MEDlINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design *** methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black ***:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting *** meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement *** indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and *** associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among child

关键词： Compositional analysis Movement behaviors Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep

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