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Some non-trivial Kazhdan-Lusztig coefficients of an affine Weyl group of type _n

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第8期53卷 1919-1930页

作者： scott Leonard Department of Mathematics University of Virginia

In this paper we show that the leading coeficient μ(y,w) of some Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials Py,w with y,w in an affine Weyl group of type n is n + *** fact has some consequences on the dimension of first extension... 详细信息

关键词： Kazhdan-Lusztig coeficient Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial first extension group

Cell Therapy: Pharmacological Intervention Enters a Third Era

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Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 5-9页

作者： Wei he Professor MD Chairman of the Department of Immunology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College China

On August 30, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a news statement on its website titled ‘‘FDA approval brings first gene therapy to the United States”[1]. The article disclosed the use of FDA-approved Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel), a cell-based gene therapy developed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, for certain pediatric and young adult patients with refractory or relapse acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ALL is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood, which progresses quickly and is the most common childhood cancer in the United States. Kymriah, which is a genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy, is approved for use in those up to 25 years of age with B cell precursor ALL. The individual patient’s own T cells are genetically modified with a new gene that contains a specific protein (chimeric antigen receptor, CAR) directing the T cells to target and kill leukemia cells with a specific antigen (cluster of differentiation 19, i.e. CD19) on the surface. In fact, Kymriah represents a kind of adoptive cellular immunotherapy using geneengineered T cells.“We’re entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer,” said FDA Commissioner scott Gottlieb, MD. From a historic point of view, cell therapy—or, more accurately, cellbased gene therapy—represents an important marker indicating that pharmacological disease intervention has entered a new era. The first era of disease intervention by drugs was based on chemical medicine, and the second era was based on biological drugs. Now the third era has arrived: cell therapy. This article outlines the historical progress and characteristics of three eras of pharmacological disease intervention, and analyzes the prospects for cell therapy.

关键词： Drug Administration Pharmaceuticals Corporation historical progress

Daily shoaling patterns in the zebrafish Danio rerio

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 754-760页

作者： Timothy PACIOREK scott McROBERT Department of Biology Saint Joseph's University Philadelphia PA 19131 USA

Shoaling intensity in zebrafish Danio rerio is believed to vary throughout subjective day and night hours. This experiment examines long term variations in shoaling behavior. Adult zebrafish Dan io rerio were maintained under a 12：12 LD cycle （with dim red light serving as reduced visibility during subjective dark hours）, and their shoaling behavior was monitored every hour for a three-day period of time. Our results show that zebrafish perform shoaling behavior throughout subjective day and under reduced visibility conditions, although mean shoaling times during the light phase were significantly higher than mean shoaling times during the dark phase. However, on the 3^rd day of the experiment, mean shoaling times during the subjective night had increased and mean shoaling times during the subjective day had decreased. This shift in intensity was not seen on the first two days of the study, and may represent the influence of experience on the behavior of the test fish. We believe this study shows that shoaling behavior changes with light/dark cycles and that fish shoal even during reduced visibility conditions.

关键词： Shoaling behavior Zebrafish Danio rerio Variation

Fruit fly courtship： The female perspective

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1008-1014页

作者： Reuven DUKAS Andrew scott Animal Behaviour Group Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada

Research on fruit fly courtship has mostly focused on males＇ behavioral repertoire whereas females have been as- sumed to respond by either rejecting or accepting males. In many fruit fly species including Drosophila melanogaster, however, mating typically follows an extended period of courtship, which provides ample opportunities for females to inform males about their likelihood of mating. Our experiments indeed revealed that sexually immature females in both D. melanogasterand D. si- mulans showed responses to conspecific males that were distinct from those of sexually mature females. Furthermore, females＇ responses to conspecifie males were different from their responses to heterospecific males. Our data indicate that females＇ beha- vioral repertoire early in courtship can inform males about their probability of mating if they persist in courting. We hypothesize （i） that males can rely on behavioral feedback from females for optimally allocating their courtship efforts towards distinct female classes, （ii） that males may learn to modulate their courtship behavior based on specific feedback from females, and （iii） that fe- males may learn to alter their behavior towards distinct types of males in order to elicit the desired male response. Overall, we suggest that, although little explored, female behavior determines the dynamics of courtship and mating and can thus influence sexual selection and incipient speciation .

关键词： Courtship Female behavior Fruit flies Learning Mate choice Speciation

Participatory Disaster Recovery Simulation Modeling for Community Resilience Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 519-529页

作者： scott B.Miles Department of Human Centered Design and Engineering University of Washington

A major challenge in enhancing the resilience of communities stems from current approaches used to identify needs and strategies that build the capacity of jurisdictions to mitigate loss and improve recovery. A new generation of resilience-based planning processes has emerged in the last several years that integrate goals of community well-being and identity into recovery-based performance measurement frameworks. Specific tools and refined guidance are needed to facilitate evidence-based development of recovery estimates. This article presents the participatory modeling process, a planning system designed to develop recovery-based resilience measurement frameworks for community resilience planning initiatives. Stakeholder engagement is infused throughout the participatory modeling process by integrating disaster recovery simulation modeling into community resilience planning. Within the process, participants get a unique opportunity to work together to deliberate on community concerns through facilitated participatory modeling. The participatory modeling platform combines the DESaster recovery simulation model and visual analytics *** is an open source Python Library for creating discrete event simulations of disaster recovery. The simulation model was developed using a human-centered design approach whose goal is to be open, modular, and extensible. The process presented in this article is the first participatory modeling approach for analyzing recovery to aid creation of community resilience measurement frameworks.

关键词： Community resilience planning Disasters Disaster recovery Participatory modeling Recovery-based performance targets Simulation modeling

Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7451-7459页

作者： David A scott Michael Martin Oral health and Systemic Disease Research Group and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Kentucky United States Oral health and Systemic Disease Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Louisville Kentucky United States

Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine （ACh）- triggered,α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）- dependent nicotinic antinflammatory pathway. Studies using the α7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis.

关键词： α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Inflammation Mucosa Nicotine Nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway Tobacco smoking

Sustainable development and geospatial information:a strategic framework for integrating a global policy agenda into national geospatial capabilities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 59-76页

作者： Greg scott Abbas Rajabifard United Nations Statistics Division Department of Economic and Social AffairsUnited NationsNew YorkNYUSA Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 *** sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community with a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in *** of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed,modeled,and mapped within a geographic context,which in turn can provide the integrative framework necessary for global collaboration,consensus and evidence-based ***,and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies,there is a lack of awareness,understanding and uptake,particular at the policy and decision-making level,of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data *** paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional *** lack of policy and guidance,with commensurate critical gaps and connection points with national geospatial frameworks,is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable *** global geospatial community now has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner,specifically in contributing their data resources toward measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals,and their 169 associated targets,through the global indicator framework that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable *** paper introduces and discusses a new strategic framework for linking a global pol

关键词： Sustainable development sustainable development goals(SDGs)geospatial information data integration strategic framework geography national spatial data infrastructure(NSDI)

Daily variation in the shoaling behavior of zebrafish Danio rerio

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 129-137页

作者： Paciorek, Timothy Mcrobert, scott Department of Biology Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia PA 19131 USA

Shoaling behavior provides numerous fitness benefits for fish, including enhanced access to mates, increased success in foraging and protection from predators. We were interested in determining whether shoaling intensity differed throughout the day. To do this we kept adult zebrafish Danio rerio in different lighting conditions for 10 days：＂Normal＂（12：12LD, lights on at 0800 hrs）, ＂Reverse＂（12：12LD, lights on at 2000 hrs）, DD, or LL, and then observed the shoaling behavior at different times during the day. Our findings suggest that daily variations exist in shoaling behavior, with mean shoaling times for fish from the ＇normal＇ group being the lowest at the mid-point of the dark phase in the fish＇s subjective day （00：00 hrs）, then rising signifi- cantly throughout the day, reaching their highest intensity at 20：00 hrs （lights out）. Fish from the ＂reverse＂ LD cycle （lights on at 20：00 hrs） showed differences in the mean shoaling times at different times of day, but did not show a gradual increase in shoaling throughout their subjective day. Fish from the DD and LL groups did not show significant differences in the mean shoaling values at different times of day, suggesting that the differences observed in LD fish may not represent circadian rhythms. Therefore, these results demonstrate the existence of daily variations in the shoaling behavior of fish and suggest that environmental cues in the form of light/dark cycles play an important role in regulating these variations [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 129-137, 2012].

关键词： Shoaling behavior Zebrafish Danio rerio

Engineering cerebral folding in brain organoids

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2420-2422页

作者： Glen scott Yu Huang Biological Engineering College of EngineeringUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Valuable implement to the animal neurological models:Neurological diseases remain the largest cause of death and *** discovery of effective therapies is chiefly hindered by the lack of realistic neurological *** other tissues,it is infeasible or unethical to access primary human neural samples in *** animal models often fail to replicate the complex human-specific neuronal factors present in *** in vitro cultures lack native three-dimensional(3D)morphologies,polarity,and receptor expression,as well as tissue-level interactions(J ensen et al.,2018).

关键词： cerebral diseases