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Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： scott Miles Megan Ly Nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The *** Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in *** NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framework for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario *** framework centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,water,and natural gas *** NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery ***,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot *** most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the wisdom of the(knowledgeable)*** paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series *** work is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how design in-fluences such *** main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how it can facilitate resilience *** is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community with limited resources for resilience *** resilience planning,those who facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)will benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative work

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Carbon Nanotubes in Biology and Medicine:In vitro and in vivo Detection,Imaging and Drug Delivery

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Nano Research 2009年第2期2卷 85-120页

作者： Zhuang Liu scott Tabakman Kevin Welsher Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA

Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few *** this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological *** detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube *** nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological ***-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/*** vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical *** vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous *** well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in *** nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and ***,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and *** multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes biomedical applications surface functionalization biosensor drug delivery biomedical imaging

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Identification of proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation using in gel zymogram analysis combined with mass spectroscopy-based peptide analysis of gut proteins from larval Asian Ionghorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 253-264页

作者： scott M. Geib Ming Tien Kelli Hoover Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Departments of Entomology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

Enzyme activities toward lignocellulose substrates were analyzed in the gut of larval Asian longhorned beetle （Anoplophora glabripennis）. Total protein was extracted from gut contents of wild collected larvae from an invasive population in Worchester, MA, USA. From these protein extracts, lignocellulolytic activities were measured （β-1,4- endoglucanase,β-1,4-glucosidase and birch wood xylanase）.β-1,4-glucosidase activity was 0.075 μmol glucose/mg protein per min, endoglucanase activity was measured at 0.41/zmol glucose/mg protein per min and xylanase activity was 0.058μmol xylose/mg protein per min. To identify specific enzymes that may provide these activities, zymogram analysis was performed to detect enzymes active toward carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC）, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glueopyranoside and birch wood xylan. Three protein bands were found to be active toward CMC, three displayed β-1,4-glucosidase, and one displayed xylanase activity. Proteins from active bands from these zymograms were then identified by in-gel trypsin digestions followed by peptide identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight - time of flight mass spectrometry （MS）. A custom A. glabripennis transcriptome database was used for peptide identification, giving highly significant matches in all MS analyses. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information database to provide annotation to the transcripts and provide possible classification. From these analyses, we were able to detect enzymes active toward cellulose and xylan, and proteins putatively involved in lignocellulose degradation in the gut of this wood-feeding insect. Future research will be focused on characterizing these enzymes through cloning and expression experiments and understanding how the lignocellulose degradation system functions in the gut of this insect.

关键词： beta-glucosidase cellulase Cerambycidae endoglucanase proteomics xylanase

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Shark scavenging behavior in the presence of competition

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 100-108页

作者： Shannon P.GERRY Andrea J.scott Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Department of Biological Sciences Wellesley College

The distribution of organisms within a community can often be determined by the degree of plasticity or degree of specialization of resource acquisition. Resource acquisition is often based on the morphology of an organism, behavior, or a combination of both. Performance tests of feeding can identify the possible interactions that allow one species to better exploit a prey item. Scavenging behaviors in the presence or absence of a competitor were investigated by quantifying prey selection in a trophic generalist, spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, and atrophic specialist, smooth-hounds Mustelus canis, in order to determine if each shark scavenged according to its jaw morphology. The diet of dogfish consists of small fishes, squid, ctenophores, and bi- valves; they are expected to be nonselective predators. Smooth-hounds primarily feed on crustaceans; therefore, they are predicted to select crabs over other prey types. Prey selection was quantified by ranking each prey item according to the order it was consumed. Dietary shifts were analyzed by comparing the percentage of each prey item selected during solitary versus competitive scavenging. When scavenging alone, dogfish prefer herring and squid, which are easily handled by the cutting dentition of dogfish. Dogfish shift their diet to include a greater number of prey types when scavenging with a competitor. Smooth-hounds scavenge on squid, herring, and shrimp when alone, but increase the number of crabs in the diet when scavenging competitively. Competition causes smooth-hounds to scavenge according to their jaw morphology and locomotor abilities, which enables them to feed on a specialized resource [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 100-108 2010].

关键词： Optimal foraging theory Prey selection Squalus acanthias Mustelus canis

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Electrocondensation and Evaporation of Attoliter Water Droplets: Direct Visualization Using Atomic Force Microscopy

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Nano Research 2010年第5期3卷 307-316页

作者： Narendra Kurra Adina scott Giridhar U.Kulkarni Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit and DST Unit on Nanoscience Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur POBangalore 560064India Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA

Working with a biased atomic force microscope(AFM)tip in the tapping mode under ambient atmosphere,attoliter(10^(-18) L)water droplet patterns have been generated on a patterned carbonaceous *** is essentially electrocondensation of water leading to charged droplets,as evidenced from electrostatic force microscopy *** droplets are unusual in that they exhibit a highly corrugated surface and evaporate rather slowly,taking several tens of minutes.

关键词： Electrocondensation attoliter water droplets biased atomic force microscope(AFM)lithography electron beam induced deposition carbonaceous deposition

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Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.López-Chuken scott D.Young Division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variable SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and （2） to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic Ligand Model （BLM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BLM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic ligand model root surface area Cd complexation metal exposure time hydroponics plant uptake

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Recent progress in methane dehydroaromatization: From laboratory curiosities to promising technology

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2013年第1期22卷 1-20页

作者： Shuqi Ma Xiaoguang Guo Lingxiao Zhao Susannah scott Xinhe Bao State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics the Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Chemistry Henan Polytechnic University Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara

Direct conversion of methane to benzene or other valuable chemicals is a very promising process for the efficient application of natural gas. Compared with conversion processes that require oxidants, non-oxidative direct conversion is more attractive due to high selectivity to the target product. In this paper, an alternative route for methane dehydrogenation and selective conversion to benzene and hydrogen without the participation of oxygen is discussed. A brief review of the catalysts used in methane dehydroaromatization （MDA） is first given, followed by our current understanding of the location and the active phase of Mo species, the reaction mechanism, the mechanism of carbonaceous deposit and the deactivation of Mo/zeolite catalysts are systematically discussed. Ways to improve the catalytic activity and stability are described in detail based on catalyst and reaction as well as reactor design. Future prospects for methane dehydroaromatization process are also presented.

关键词： direct conversion: methane methane dehydroaromatization Mo-based catalyst

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人类世背景下当代自然书写对荒野观的重构

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长江学术 2025年第1期 7-14页

作者： [美]斯科特·斯洛维克徐贞爱达荷大学英文系美国爱达荷莫斯科83844 武汉大学外国语言文学学院湖北武汉430072

人类世背景下当代英美自然书写对荒野观的重构表现在以下几个方面:在写作主题上,当代自然书写重构荒野观的显著特征是物的转向;在建构方式上,主要表现为强调人类与非人类之间的“跨肉身性”与“交互关联性”,主张跨地域与跨文化对话;在... 详细信息

人类世背景下当代英美自然书写对荒野观的重构表现在以下几个方面:在写作主题上,当代自然书写重构荒野观的显著特征是物的转向;在建构方式上,主要表现为强调人类与非人类之间的“跨肉身性”与“交互关联性”,主张跨地域与跨文化对话;在传播路径上,则采用了“走向公众”与“来自公众”的双向传播方式。这些都尤为明显地体现在以树木生态批评为代表的前沿研究中。荒野观的重构体现了当代自然书写直面现实环境危机的人文关怀,多种荒野文化的建构有望为全球环境问题提供新的解决方案。

关键词：荒野文化树木生态批评环境文学生态叙事

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Education Universalization,Rural School Participation,and Population Density

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China & World Economy 2022年第4期30卷 4-30页

作者： Xi Zhang scott Rozelle Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChina Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford Universitythe US

In many developing countries,low population density may be a major reason for low school participation in rural areas,and the problem is likely to worsen with rapid ***,few studies have investigated empirically the role of population density in rural education,especially the moderating effect of population density on the outcomes of education *** study aims to fill this gap in the *** 1999 through the early 2000s,China launched a set of major nationwide policies aimed at universalizing 9-year compulsory education in rural *** difference-in-differences and triple difference strategies,we show that the policies significantly increased the probability of junior high school enrollment of rural children and,more importantly,these policies were more effective in densely populated *** findings confirm the imporance of population density to rural education.

关键词： enrollment rate policy effectiveness rural population density universal 9-year compulsory education policy

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Telemedicine for sarcoma patient care

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 140-149页

作者： scott M.Schuetze Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Telemedicine is being incorporated into routine healthcare,including *** integration of telemedicine with patient electronic medical records and the adoption of virtual provider-patient encounters was accelerated by the SARS-CoV2 worldwide *** telemedicine has existed for more than 50 years,the impact of telemedicine on patient care and health outcomes is relatively understudied,and little research has been conducted on telehealth in the care of patients with *** review discusses the potential applications of telemedicine to the care of patients with sarcoma and some of the data available on patient and provider preferences for telemedicine ***-person healthcare *** of the areas of care in which greater adoption of telemedicine may be beneficial to patients with sarcoma are also discussed.

关键词： Sarcoma telemedicine telepathology telehealth virtual multidisciplinary

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