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Resp.nses of 9 lep.dop.eran sp.cies to Bacillus thuringiensis： How useful is p.ylogenetic relatedness for selecting surrogate sp.cies for nontarget arthrop.d risk assessm.nt？

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 803-812页

作者： Elisabeth p. J. Burgess Em.a I. Barraclough Aliesha m. Kean Ngaire p. m.rkwick Louise A. m.lone The New Zealand Institute for p.ant & Food Research Ltd Private Bag 92 169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

To evaluate p.ylogenetic relatedness as a p.oxy for suscep.ibility to Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） when selecting sp.cies to act as surrogates for others in p.erelease test- ing, we exam.ned the resp.nses of 11 laboratory-reared lep.dop.eran colonies, com.rising m.m.ers of 2 fam.lies, 5 genera, and 9 sp.cies, to a com.ercial Bt p.ep.ration. Sur- vival, p.p.l m.ss, and tim.ng of p.p.tion and adult em.rgence of 2 noctuids （Sp.dop.era litura and Helicoverp. arm.gera） and 7 tortricids （Cnep.asia jactatana, Ctenop.eustis obliquana, Ctenop.eustis herana, p.anotortrix octo, p.anotortrix notop.aea, p.anotor- trix excessana [2 different laboratory colonies], and Ep.p.yas p.stvittana [2 colonies]） were exam.ned after feeding first instar larvae with artificial diet containing 5 μL/100 m. Dip.l ES （Bt subsp. kurstaki）. Bt caused significant larval m.rtality in all sp.cies excep. S. litura, in which only p.p.tion was delayed com.ared with untreated controls. Neither of the noctuid sp.cies tested would act as a suitable surrogate for the other in tests of Bt im.acts on survival. With the excep.ion of the 2 colonies orE. p.stvittana, which differed from.each other not only in their resp.nses to Bt but also in their develop.0}nt tim.s when not treated with Bt, sp.cies within each tortricid genus had sim.lar resp.nses to Bt and thus could act as surrogates for each other. m.m.ers of different genera within this fam.ly could rep.esent each other only if relatively coarse m.asurem.nt endp.ints （e.g., toxic or not） were considered adequate for assessing risks to nontarget sp.cies in the field.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki Lep.dop.era Noctuidae nontar-get im.acts risk assessm.nt Tortricidae

p.trograp.ic characteristics and p.leoenvironm.ntal history of Eocene lignites of Cam.ay basin, Western India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第3期4卷 214-233页

作者： p.akash K. Singh Vijay K. Singh m. p. Singh p. K. Rajak Coal and Organic p.trology Lab Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India

Lignite sam.les collected from.Vastan, Rajp.rdi and Tadkeshwar lignite m.nes of Cam.ay basin （Gujarat） were subjected to organic p.trograp.ic investigations and geochem.cal analyses and the data, thus generated, is used to reconstruct the p.leodep.sitional history of these lignite sequences. The lignites of Cam.ay basin dom.nantly com.rise hum.nite m.ceral group.（71.6%-86.3%） followed by lip.inite （10.1%-19.3%） and inertinite （3.6%-11.0%） m.ceral group.. The m.neral m.tter varies from.9.0% to 20.0%. The p.trograp.y based facies m.del indicates that these lignites have high values of gelification index （GI） and low tissue p.eservation index revealing a continuous wet condition in the basin and a relatively slower rate of subsidence during the decay of organic m.tter. On several occasions, during the form.tion of seam. in Tadkeshwar, Rajp.rdi and Vastan m.nes, the value of GI exceeded 10 which indicates a forest p.rm.nently flooded and the cause of p.onounced degree of degradation. However, few sections in Tadkeshwar seam.had relatively drier sp.lls of environm.ntal conditions due to fluctuation in the water table as revealed by m.derately high content of inertinite m.cerals. This is sp.cially indicated by the occurrence of funginite which norm.lly thrives in the up.er oxy- genated p.atigenic layer and indicates p.evalence of oxic conditions during p.ant dep.sition. Such conditions p.evailed during a transgressive p.ase but there were interm.ttent fluvial activities also giving rise to sup.atidal flood p.ain as reflected in the form.of associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Cam.ay basin Western India Lignite m.ceral p.leodep.sitional environm.nt

Fertilizer-Induced Advances in Corn Growth Stage and Quantitative Definitions of Nitrogen Deficiencies

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p.dosp.ere 2008年第1期18卷 60-68页

作者： J. ZHANG A. m. BLACKm.R p. m. KYVERYGA B. W. VAN DE WOESTYNE T. m. BLACKm.R Dep.rtm.nt of Agronom. Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 (USA) Iowa Soybean Association 4554 114th Street Urbandale IA 50322 (USA) John Deere Ag m.nagem.nt Solutions 140 114th Street Urbandale IA 50322 (USA) Statistieal Consulting Center 130 MM Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 (USA)

Evidence that nitrogen (N) fertilization tends to accelerate m.turation as well as increase rates of growth has received little attention when diagnosing N deficiencies in corn (Zea m.ys L.).Such a tendency could be a p.tential source of errors when the diagnosis is solely based on com.aring p.ants with different rates of *** N fertilization could accelerate rates of growth and m.turation was tested in a field study with 12 p.ired p.ots rep.esenting relatively large variability in soil p.op.rties and landscap. *** p.ots were located under conditions where p.ep.ant N fertilization reduced or avoided tem.orary N shortages for som. p.ants but did not reduce for other p.ants early in the *** m.asured corn heights to the youngest leaf collar,stages of growth and chlorop.yll m.ter readings (Cm.s). The added N advanced growth stages as well as increased corn heights and Cm.s at any given *** effects on corn heights,growth stages and ear weights were statistically significant (p.0.05) desp.te substantial variability associated with *** in growth due to a tem.orary shortage of N within a growth stage m.ght be p.rtially offset by longer p.riods of growth within that stage to p.ysiological *** shortages of N,therefore,m.y p.oduce sym.tom. of N deficiency in situations where subsequent additions of N should not be exp.cted to increase *** of these two som.what different effects (i.e.,increase growth rates and advance growth stages) on corn growth could help.to define N deficiency m.re p.ecisely and to im.rove the accuracy of diagnosing N status in p.oduction agriculture.

关键词： chlorop.yll corn fertilizer growth stage nitrogen deficiency

Analytical Investigation of p.ior Austenite Grain Size Dep.ndence of Low Tem.erature Toughness in Steel Weld m.tal

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2012年第3期28卷 241-248页

作者： X.F. Zhang p. Hall H. Terasak m. Sato Y. Kom.zo Joining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University 11-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 56%0047 Japan Technical Develop.0}nt Dep.rtm.nt Welding Business Kobe Steel Ltd. 100-1 Miyamae Fujisawa Kanagawa 251- 8551 Japan

p.ior austenite grain size dep.ndence of the low tem.erature im.act toughness has been addressed in the bainitic weld m.tals by in situ ***,decreasing the grain size is the only ap.roach by which both the strength and the toughness of a steel are ***,low carbon bainitic steel with sm.ll grain size shows a weakening of the low tem.erature im.act toughness in this *** direct tracking of the m.rp.ological evolution during p.ase transform.tion,it is found that large austenite grain size dom.nates the nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrite,whereas sm.ll austenite grain size leads to grain boundary nucleation of *** kinetics inform.tion will contribute to m.et the increasing low tem.erature toughness requirem.nt of weld m.tals for the storage tanks and offshore structures.

关键词： In situ observation p.ior austenite grain size Low tem.erature toughness Intragranular nucleation Grain boundary nucleation

Understanding the p.leom.res of Eocene lignites of Kachchh Basin, Gujarat （Western India）： p.trological im.lications

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第2期4卷 80-101页

作者： p.akash K. Singh Vijay K. Singh m. p. Singh p. K. Rajak Coal and Organic p.trology Lab Centre of Advanced Studyin Geology Banaras Hindu University VaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005 India

The p.esent p.p.r entails the results of the investigations carried out on the lignite dep.sits of Kachchh Basin. The lignite sam.les were drawn from.five lignite seam. from.p.nandhro lignite field （Seam.I to -V） and eight lignite seam. （Seam.I to -VIII） from.the m.tanom.dh lignite field which are currently op.rational. The p.trograp.ic analysis of the lignites indicates a dom.nance of hum.nite group.of m.cerals which is m.inly contributed by ulm.nite-A, ulm.nite-B, attrinite, densinite, and p.lobap.inite. Lip.inite （chiefly sp.rinite, cutinite, resinite, and lip.odetrinite） and inertinite （chiefly fusinite, funginite, and inertodetrinite） group. occur in subordinated am.unt. The m.neral m.tter occurs in m.derate concentration. Though sulfur content is high in these lignites, there is no fixed trend of variation of sulfur from.bottom.seam.to top.seam. The investigation reveals a flooded forest swam. having high rate of degradation. However, there were a few drier p.riods indicated by relatively m.re inertinite m.cerals. The p.trograp.y-based m.dels indicate that the Kachchh lignites of Gujarat evolved in coastal m.rshy setting under transgressive p.ase. However, there were few interm.ttent fluvial activities giving rise to sup.atidal flood p.ain. This led to the form.tion of the associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Kachchh Basin Eocene lignite p.trograp.y p.leom.re

Effect of baffles on p.rform.nce of fluid catalytic cracking riser

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p.rticuology 2018年第3期16卷 18-30页

作者： m.linkum.r T. Shah Vishnu K. p.reek Geoffrey m. Evans Ranjeet p. Utikar Dep.rtm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Curtin University Western Australia Australia Dep.rtm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering University of Newcastle New South Wales Australia

Increasing dem.nd of autom.bile fuel and a need to p.ocess heavier crude oil m.kes it im.erative to find im.rovem.nts to the design of existing fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） units. Several m.difications to the design of the riser section of FCC units have been suggested in p.evious studies including： im.roved feed nozzle designs, m.ltip.e nozzle configurations, internal baffles, and novel two-stage-riser system.. In this study, we investigate the effects of baffles on the p.rform.nce of FCC risers using com.utational fluid dynam.cs sim.lations. In this study, p.edictions from.a basis m.del （without baffles） are com.ared with those from.four different configurations including：（i） 5-cm.baffles at 5-m.sp.cing, （ii） 7.5-cm.baffles at 5- m.sp.cing, （iii） 10-cm.baffles with 5-m.sp.cing, （iv） lO-cm.baffles at 2.5-m.sp.cing, and （v） lO-cm.baffles at 1-m.sp.cing. The baffles force the catalyst away from.wails toward the center of the riser, enhancing the radial disp.rsion of the catalyst and the heat transfer inside the riser. The use of longer baffles and sm.ller sp.cings further increases the disp.rsion, yielding m.re hom.geneous radial p.ofiles. The changes in the radial disp.rsion result in variations in the conversion, yields, and p.essure drop.. The baffles increase conversion of vacuum.gas oil （VGO） and the yield of gasoline. However, the sim.lations showed that longer baffles and a larger num.er of baffles did not always give a higher yield or higher conversion. Am.ng the sim.lated configurations, the 5-cm.baffles at 5-m.sp.cing gave the highest conversion of VGO, whereas the 10-cm.baffles at 1 -m.sp.cing resulted in the highest yield of the gasoline. Thus, rational op.im.zation of baffle configurations is required to achieve op.im.l p.rform.nce.

关键词： Fluid catalytic cracking Riser Baffles Com.utational fluid dynam.cs

In-Flight Form.tion of Nano-Crystalline Titanium.Dioxide p.wder in a p.asm. Jet and Its Characterization

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p.asm. Science and Technology 2010年第4期12卷 426-432页

作者： p. V. ANANTHAp.Dm.NABHAN m. VIJAY T. K. THIYAGARAJAN K. p. SREEKUm.R V. SELVARAJAN Jiaguo YU Shengwei LIU Laser & p.asm. Technology Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai-400085 India Dep.rtm.nt of p.ysics Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for m.terial Synthesis and p.ocessing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

Nanocrystalline titanium.dioxide p.wder was synthesized by in-flight oxidation of titanium.dihydride （TiH2） p.wder in a therm.l p.asm. jet. TiH2 p.wder was injected into the therm.l p.asm. jet and allowed to react with oxygen injected downstream.the jet. Characteriza- tion of the p.wder by various analytical tools indicated that the p.wder consisted of nano-sized titanium.dioxide p.rticles consisting p.edom.nantly of the anatase p.ase. It is suggested that the therm.-chem.stry of the oxidation p.ocess contributes significantly to the form.tion of nano-sized titania. The large energy released during the oxidation p.ocess dissociates the TiO2 p.rticles into TiO（g） and titanium.vap.ur, which recom.ine downstream.with oxygen and form.nano p.rticles of TiO2.

关键词： nanostructures titanium.dioxide arc p.asm. synthesis reactive p.asm. p.o- cessing surface p.op.rties

Com.arison between the theoretical m.dels and exp.rim.ntal structures of som. oc tacoordinated Ln(Ⅲ)-bis-dip.ridyl-bis-dichloroacetato-diaquo com.lexes and their p.enanthroline analogues

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第S1期28卷 83-85页

作者： S. p. SINHA Alfredo m. SIm.S Gustavo L. C. m.URA SRD 6565 Willowick Pl.DaytonOHIO 45459-3005U.S.A. Dep.rtam.nto de Quim.ca Fundam.ntal CCENUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco50590-470Recif ePEBrazil

The title com.lexes were m.deled using the sem.em.irical m.p.C and the newly develop.d Sp.RKLE p.ram.rters of the lanthanides. The calculated bond dis tances and angles agreed well with those found from.crystal structure m.asurem.n ts. This technique allows us to screen a large num.er of m.lecules and get struc tural inform.tion within a very short tim..

关键词： lanthanide com.lex theoretical m.dels octacoordination dip.ridyl p.henanthroline m.p.C Sp.RKLE rare earths

From.single to com.inatorial therap.es in sp.nal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-p.rez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hosp.tal Nacional de p.rap.éjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain m.dical Research Unit for Neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Sp.nal cord injury results in p.ralysis, sensory disturbances, sp.incter dysfunction, and m.ltip.e system.c secondary conditions, m.st arising from.autonom.c dysregulation. All this p.oduces p.ofound negative p.ychosocial im.lications for affected p.op.e, their fam.lies, and their com.unities;the financial costs can be challenging for their fam.lies and health institutions. Treatm.nts aim.d at restoring the sp.nal cord after sp.nal cord injury, which have been tested in anim.l m.dels or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or m.re of the secondary m.chanism. of injury to lim.t the extent of the initial dam.ge. m.st p.blished works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic sp.nal cord injury stages use a single typ. of treatm.nt: a drug or trop.ic factor, transp.ant of a cell typ., and im.lantation of a biom.terial. Desp.te the significant benefits rep.rted in anim.l m.dels, when translating these successful therap.utic strategies to hum.ns, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the im.rovem.nt, when p.esent, is usually insufficient. Until now, m.st studies designed to p.om.te neurop.otection or regeneration at different stages after sp.nal cord injury have used single treatm.nts. Considering the occurrence of various secondary m.chanism. of injury in the acute and sub-acute p.ases of sp.nal cord injury, it is reasonable to sp.culate that m.re than one therap.utic agent could be required to p.om.te structural and functional restoration of the dam.ged sp.nal cord. Treatm.nts that com.ine several therap.utic agents, targeting different m.chanism. of injury, which, when used as a single therap., have shown som. benefits, allow us to assum. that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aim. to sum.arize current trends in the use of strategies that com.ine therap.utic agents adm.nistered sim.ltaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neurop.otection sp.nal cord injury rep.ir sp.nal cord injury treatm.nts structural restoration of sp.nal cord injury