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Effects of calcium on the evolution of nitrogen during pyrolysis of a typical low rank coal

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第2期7卷 397-404页

作者： Xiongchao Lin sasha yang Xujun Chen Panpan Zheng Yonggang Wang Shu Zhang School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing100083China Department of New Energy Science and Technology Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037JiangsuChina

This study aims to investigate the effects of calcium on the migration of nitrogen in coal(coal-N)to N-containing gas species,particularly,NH3 and HCN(volatile-N)in volatiles,as well as the chemical transformation of the N in char during coal pyrolysis under different temperatures.The pyrolysis experiments of Shengli brown coal and its derived coal samples loaded with different contents of calcium were conducted under 600–800°C in a novel fluidized bed reactor.The experimental results showed that during coal pyrolysis,the generation of NH3 is mainly derived from secondary reactions among volatiles,tar and char with the catalytic effect of mineral matter,especially calcium in coal.Increasing pyrolysis temperature from 600 to 800°C could enhance the release of N in coal to volatiles.Meanwhile,the increased pyrolysis temperature could also inhibit the generation of NH3 while facilitating the formation of HCN.The release of HCN is more sensitive to pyrolysis temperatures.Specifically,under higher pyrolysis temperatures,more N-containing structures in coal would become thermally unstable and crack into HCN;On the other hand,higher pyrolysis temperature could also enhance the decomposition of N in coal to N-containing species in tar or N2,thus reducing the release of HCN and NH3.Nitrogen in tar could either undergo secondary decomposition reactions,generating NH3,HCN,N2 and other N-containing species in gas phase,or experience condensation polymerization by forming macromolecular structure and be retained in char at high pyrolysis temperatures.Calcium could significantly restrain the release of N from coal,thus reducing the yields of NH3 and HCN.During coal pyrolysis,calcium catalytically enhances the fracture and combination of chemical bonds,generating abundant free radicals.These free radicals could continuously attack N-containing structures and consequently release the N-containing gaseous products,such as NH3,HCN,N2 etc.,resulting in the decrease of N in char.Calcium also plays important roles in nitrogen transfo

关键词： Brown coal Pyrolysis Nitrogen Calcium Transformation

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拯救鸟类打击鸟类非法走私产业

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第5期 16-17,41,42页

作者： sasha Richie 不详

20世纪70年代,北美洲大约有100亿只鸟。现在则约有70亿只,意味着这个大陆失去了超过四分之一的鸟类。在失去的30亿只鸟中,有90%属于12个鸟类科别,全是不同种类的鸣禽——即雀形目鸟类的一个广泛亚目,从色彩缤纷、叫动听的丽色彩,到又大... 详细信息

20世纪70年代,北美洲大约有100亿只鸟。现在则约有70亿只,意味着这个大陆失去了超过四分之一的鸟类。在失去的30亿只鸟中,有90%属于12个鸟类科别,全是不同种类的鸣禽——即雀形目鸟类的一个广泛亚目,从色彩缤纷、叫动听的丽色彩,到又大又黑、叫声粗糙的普通乌鸦均属之。

关键词：雀形目鸟类亚目鸣禽色彩缤纷叫声北美洲乌鸦

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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid Maryam Razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agriculture Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agricultural Botany Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Center for Seed Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Platform/Accelerated Breeding Initiative International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein requirements.They share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)family.Characterizing their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced traits.Several wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice orthologs.Rice–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both crops.Rice–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparative genomics Orthologs Genes Synteny Genetic engineering Molecular breeding

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Engineering Fe‑N_(4)Electronic Structure with Adjacent Co‑N_(2)C_(2)and Co Nanoclusters on Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis

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纳微快报:英文版 2023年第12期15卷 283-297页

作者： Mingjie Wu Xiaohua yang Xun Cui Ning Chen Lei Du Mohamed Cherif Fu‑Kuo Chiang Yuren Wen Amir Hassanpour Francois Vidal sasha Omanovic Yingkui yang Shuhui Sun Gaixia Zhang State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200People’s Republic of China Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS) Center Energie Materiaux TelecommunicationsVarennesQC J3X 1P7Canada Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University3610 University StreetMontrealQC H3A 0C5Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Ecole de Technologie Superieure(ETS)MontrealQC H3C 1K3Canada Canadian Light Source(CLS) 44 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonSK S7N 2V3Canada National Institute of Low-Carbon-and-Clean-Energy Beijing 102211People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

Regulating the local configuration of atomically dispersed transition-metal atom catalysts is the key to oxygen electrocatalysis performance enhancement.Unlike the previously reported singleatom or dual-atom configurations,we designed a new type of binary-atom catalyst,through engineering Fe-N_(4)electronic structure with adjacent Co-N_(2)C_(2)and nitrogen-coordinated Co nanoclusters,as oxygen electrocatalysts.The resultant optimized electronic structure of the Fe-N_(4)active center favors the binding capability of intermediates and enhances oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity in both alkaline and acid conditions.In addition,anchoring M-N-C atomic sites on highly graphitized carbon supports guarantees of efficient charge-and mass-transports,and escorts the high bifunctional catalytic activity of the entire catalyst.Further,through the combination of electrochemical studies and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses,the ORR degradation mechanisms under highly oxidative conditions during oxygen evolution reaction processes were revealed.This work developed a new binary-atom catalyst and systematically investigates the effect of highly oxidative environments on ORR electrochemical behavior.It demonstrates the strategy for facilitating oxygen electrocatalytic activity and stability of the atomically dispersed M-N-C catalysts.

关键词： Atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalysts ORR/OER Rechargeable zinc-air battery Fuel cells

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Liquid biopsies to predict CDK4/6 inhibitor efficacy and resistance in breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 727-748页

作者： sasha C.Main David W.Cescon Scott V.Bratman Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health NetworkToronto M5G 2C1OntarioCanada Department of Medical Biophysics University of TorontoToronto M5G 1L7OntarioCanada Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoToronto M5S 1A8OntarioCanada Department of Radiation Oncology University of TorontoToronto M5T 1P5OntarioCanada

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6)inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy have transformed the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive(ER+)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative(HER2-)metastatic breast cancer.However,some patients do not respond to this treatment,and patients inevitably develop resistance,such that novel biomarkers are needed to predict primary resistance,monitor treatment response for acquired resistance,and personalize treatment strategies.Circumventing the spatial and temporal limitations of tissue biopsy,newly developed liquid biopsy approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers that can predict CDK4/6 inhibitor efficacy and resistance in breast cancer patients through a simple blood test.Studies on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)-based liquid biopsy biomarkers of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance have focused primarily on genomic alterations and have failed thus far to identify clear and clinically validated predictive biomarkers,but emerging epigenetic ctDNA methodologies hold promise for further discovery.The present review outlines recent advances and future directions in ctDNA-based biomarkers of CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment response.

关键词： Breast cancer liquid biopsy circulating tumor DNA cell-free DNA CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance mechanisms predictive biomarkers circulating biomarkers

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重型颅脑损伤患者胃肠功能衰竭风险预测模型的建立

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脑与神经疾病杂志 2024年第7期32卷 428-433页

作者：林莎莎周灵静唐秀琼潘梅英达州市中西医结合医院神经外科四川635000

目的建立重型颅脑损伤(sTBI)患者胃肠功能衰竭风险预测模型,并进行验证。方法选择2019年1月至2023年3月达州市中西医结合医院神经外科接诊的147例sTBI患者资料进行分析。收集可能影响sTBI患者胃肠功能衰竭的相关因素,根据急性胃肠道损伤... 详细信息

目的建立重型颅脑损伤(sTBI)患者胃肠功能衰竭风险预测模型,并进行验证。方法选择2019年1月至2023年3月达州市中西医结合医院神经外科接诊的147例sTBI患者资料进行分析。收集可能影响sTBI患者胃肠功能衰竭的相关因素,根据急性胃肠道损伤(AGI)分级将患者分为胃肠功能衰竭组与非胃肠功能衰竭组,以LASSO筛选出潜在影响因素后行多因素Logistic回归分析,根据多因素分析结果建立列线图模型并进行验证。结果本研究模型组102例sTBI患者中共有33例(32.35%)出现胃肠功能衰竭,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:机械通气情况、休克、通便措施、肺部感染情况、血钠、人肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(iFABP)、D-乳酸及二胺氧化酶(DAO)为sTBI患者胃肠功能衰竭的独立性影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析显示模型组曲线下面积(AUC)为0.942,95%CI为0.896~0.988;验证组AUC为0.908,95%CI为0.849~0.966。校准曲线结果显示,预测曲线与标准曲线基本拟合。决策曲线分析结果显示,当列线图模型预测sTBI患者胃肠功能衰竭风险的概率阈值为0.10~0.90时,患者的净收益率大于0。结论sTBI患者胃肠功能衰竭主要受机械通气情况、休克、通便措施等相关因素的影响,本研究基于上述因素建立的列线图预测模型用于预测sTBI患者胃肠功能衰竭具有较高的准确度与区分度。

关键词：重型颅脑损伤胃肠功能衰竭多因素分析列线图模型

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Rostrum abnormalities in the endangered Indian Ocean humpback dolphin(Sousa plumbea)in South Africa

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第4期18卷 616-629页

作者： Guilherme FRAINER Simon ELWEN sasha DINES Bridget JAMES Els VERMEULEN Gwenith PENRY OAlejandra VARGAS-FONSECA Shanan ATKINS Danielle CONRY Tess GRIDLEY Centre for Statistics in Ecology Environment and ConservationUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa Sea Search Research and Conservation Cape TownSouth Africa Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Institute for Coastal and Marine Research Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa Department of Oceanography Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

Morphological abnormalities in wild animals can be indicators of the underlying health of a population and may be determined through routine photographic surveys.Here,we assess unusual rostrum conditions in Indian Ocean humpback dolphins(Sousa plumbea)inhabiting South African coastal waters to understand the rate of prevalence of abnormal rostrums and formulate hypotheses on potential causes.Photographic data were collated from sys-tematic boat surveys and opportunistic sightings,obtained between April 1998 and March 2021 in various regions along the South African coast.Overall,31 unique individuals were found with abnormal rostrum conditions,vary-ing from slight misalignments to severe wounds and/or aberrant morphologies.In most cases,injuries were likely caused by natural events during the animal’s life history such as interactions with sharks and/or reef-associated hunting strategies.Mark–recapture data indicated that individuals had survived with these injuries for up to 10 years.This study reports the highest incidence of rostrum abnormalities in the species.As numbers reﬂect only those that have survived their injuries,they are considered a minimum estimate.A better understanding of the cause(s)of these injuries is important given the endangered status of this species.

关键词： endangered species human impacts injuries mark-recapture natural history

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Developmental DNA methyltransferase expression in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 57-65页

作者： sasha Kay Daniel Skowronski Brendan G. Hunt Department of Entomology University of Georgia Griffin Georgia USA

DNA methylation is accomplished in animals by 2 classes of enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3 and DNMT 1, which perform de novo methylation and maintenance methylation, respectively. Several studies of hymenopteran eusocial insects suggest that DNA methylation is capable of influencing developmental plasticity. However, fundamental questions remain about the patterning of DNA methylation during the course of insect development. In this study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） on transcripts from the single-copy orthologs of DNMT1 and DNMT3 in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. In particular, we assessed the expression of S. invicta Dnmtl and Dnmt3 mRNA during 7 stages of worker development, among behaviorally distinct adults, and among male and female gonads. Dnmt3 was most highly expressed during embryonic development, whereas Dnmtl was similarly expressed throughout the course of develop- ment. Moreover, Dnmtl and Dnmt3 were highly expressed in testes and ovaries. Neither Dnmt was significantly differentially expressed among heads of behaviorally distinct adult castes. Our results support the hypothesis that extensive patterning of DNA methylation occurs during gametogenesis and embryogenesis in the insect order Hymenoptera.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics gene expression Hymenoptera qPCR Solenopsis invicta

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Complementary effect of zoo compost with mineral nitrogen fertilisation increases wheat yield and nutrition in a low-nutrient soil

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 339-347页

作者： Muhammad S.A.KHAN Lynette K.ABBOTT Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Peter R.MAWSON Ian S.WAITE sasha N.JENKINS School of Agriculture and Environment Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6009Australia Perth Zoo Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsPerth WA 6151Australia Agricultural Officer(Headquarters) DirectorateSoil Fertility Research InstituteAgriculture DepartmentGovernment of the PunjabLahore 53700Pakistan

Excess nitrogen(N) fertiliser use in agriculture is associated with water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.While practices and programs to reduce N fertiliser application continue to be developed,inefficient fertiliser use persists.Practices that reduce mineral N fertiliser application are needed in a sustainable agricultural ecosystem to control leaching and gaseous losses for environmental management.This study evaluated whether fully or partially replacing mineral N fertiliser with zoo compost(Perth Zoo) could be a good mitigation strategy to reduce mineral N fertiliser application without affecting wheat yield and nutrition.To achieve this,a glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the complementary effect of zoo compost and mineral N fertiliser on wheat yield and nutrition in a sandy soil of southwestern Australia.Additionally,a chlorophyll meter was used to determine whether there was a correlation between chlorophyll content and soil mineral N content,grain N uptake,and grain protein content at the tillering(42 d after sowing(DAS)) and heading(63 DAS) growth stages.The standard practice for N application for this soil type in this area,100 kg ha^(-1),was used with a soil bulk density of 1.3 g cm^(-3) to calculate the amount of mineral N(urea,46% N) and Perth Zoo compost(ZC)(0.69% N) for each treatment.Treatments comprised a control(no nutrients added,T1),mineral N only(100 kg N ha^(-1),T2),ZC only(100 kg N ha^(-1),T7),and combinations of mineral N and ZC at different rates(mineral N at 100 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 25 kg N ha^(-1)(T3),mineral N at 75 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 25 kg N ha^(-1)(T4),mineral N at 75 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 50 kg N ha^(-1)(T5),and mineral N at 50 kg N ha^(-1)+ ZC at 50 kg N ha^(-1)(T6)).The T6 treatment significantly increased grain yield(by 26%) relative to the T2 treatment.However,the T7 treatment did not affect grain yield when compared to the T2 treatment.All treatments with mineral N and ZC in combination significantly improved the 1 000-grain weight compared to the T2 treatment

关键词： chlorophyll meter SPAD measurement integrated nutrient management nitrogen use efficiency reduced N fertiliser application wheat yield

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Highly efficient and automated extraction of DNA from human remains using a modified EZ1 protocol

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 59-66页

作者： Anna Barbaro sasha Samar Giacomo Falcone Angelo La Marca Department of Forensic Genetics Studio Indagini Mediche E Forensi(SIMEF)Reggio CalabriaItaly

Bones and teeth often represent the only sources of DNA available for identifying human remains.DNA in bones and teeth is generally better preserved than that in soft tissues because of the presence of hard connective tissue with a high level of calcium.Because of the extensive mineralisation,the choice of an efficient DNA extraction procedure is important to minimise the sampling of a high level of minerals and to remove polymerase chain reaction(PCR)inhibitors.Some protocols are available for DNA extraction from bones and teeth as part of the Qiagen EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit using the EZ1 Advanced XL automated purification platform.To improve the efficiency of DNA extraction from skeletal remains,the present study focuses on a modification to these already available protocols.In this study,different bones and teeth collected between 1 and 50 years after death were subjected to DNA extraction using the standard EZ1 protocol,a supplementary protocol,and a modified protocol.The modified approach included a decalcification step,whereas the Qiagen protocols worked directly on non-decalcified powder.In all three procedures,150 mg samples were used for DNA extraction.We evaluated the quantity of DNA recovered from samples,the presence of any PCR inhibitors co-extracted,the level of DNA degradation,the quality of short tandem repeat(STR)profiles,and the reproducibility of the modified procedure.When compared with the other protocols,the modified protocol resulted in the best recovery of DNA that was free of PCR inhibitors.Additionally,the STR profiles were reliable and of high quality.In our opinion,the decalcification step increases DNA recovery by softening tissues,which allows lysis solutions to act more effectively.Furthermore,the use of two lysis solutions and the variation added to the EZ1 purification step allow for DNA recovery with quality and quantity superior to those of the previously available Qiagen-based protocols.These findings may be helpful solutions to the problems commonly encountered when dealing wi

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics DNA extraction bone tooth EZ1 automation

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