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Potentially harmful metals,and health risk evaluation in groundwater of Mardan,Pakistan:Application of geostatistical approach and geographic information system

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 597-608页

作者： Abdur Rashid Muhammad Ayub Asif Javed sardar Khan Xubo Gao Chengcheng Li Zahid Ullah Tariq sardar Juma Muhammad Shahla Nazneen School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074PR China Department of Botany Hazara University 21300 Pakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Bahria University Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Kohat University of Science and TechnologyPakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University SherngalPakistan

This study investigates the values of pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),elevation,oxidative reduction potential(ORP),temperature,and depth,while the concentrations of Br,and potentially harmful metals(PHMs)such as Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe in the groundwater ***,geographic information system(GIS),XLSTAT,and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software were used for spatial distribution modeling,principal component analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),and Quantile-Quantile(Q-Q)plotting to determine groundwater pollution sources,similarity index,and normal distribution reference line for the selected *** mean values of pH,TDS,elevation,ORP,temperature,depth,and Br were 7.2,322 mg/L,364 m,188 mV,29.6℃,70 m,0.20 mg/L,and PHMs like Cr,Ni,Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co,Zn,and Fe were 0.38,0.26,0.08,0.27,0.36,0.22,0.04,0.43 and 0.86 mg/L,*** including Cr(89%),Cd(43%),Mn(23%),Pb(79%),Co(20%),and Fe(91%)exceeded the guideline values set by the world health organization(WHO).The significant R^(2)values of PCA for selected parameters were also determined(0.62,0.67,0.78,0.73,0.60,0.87,-0.50,0.69,0.70,0.74,-0.50,0.70,0.67,0.79,0.59,and-0.55,respectively).PCA revealed three geochemical processes such as geogenic,anthropogenic,and reducing *** mineral phases of Cd(OH)_(2),Fe(OH)_(3),FeOOH,Mn_(3)O_(4),Fe_(2)O_(3),MnOOH,Pb(OH)_(2),Mn(OH)_(2),MnO_(2),and Zn(OH)_(2)(-3.7,3.75,9.7,-5.8,8.9,-3.6,2.2,-4.6,-7.7,-0.9,and 0.003,respectively)showed super-saturation and under-saturation *** risk assessment(HRA)values for PHMs were also calculated and the values of hazard quotient(HQ),and hazard indices(HI)for the entire study area were increased in the following order:Cd>Ni>Cu>Pb>Mn>Zn>*** higher HQ and HI values of Ni,Cd,Pb,and Cu were greater than one showing unsuitability of groundwater for domestic,agriculture,and drinking *** long-term ingestion of groundwater could also cause severe health concerns such as kidney,brain dysfunction,liv

关键词： Groundwater Potential harmful metals Health risk indices Cluster analysis Mineral phases

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Diffusion of Six-Atom Cu Islands on Cu(111)and Ag(111)

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第5期28卷 99-102页

作者： sardar Sikandar Hayat I.Ahmad M.Arshad Choudhry Department of Physics and Astronomy Hazara UniversityMansehra 23100Pakistan Department of Physics The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63120Pakistan

Diffusion of Cu hexamer islands on Cu(111)and Ag(111)is studied using a molecular dynamics simulation technique with many-body potentials obtained from the embedded atom *** are carried out at temperatures 300,500 and 700 K,showing that shape-changing multiple-atom processes are more helpful for the diffusion rather than concerted motion of *** plots of the diffusion coefficients provide effective energy barrier values of 161.29±5 meV for Cu(111)and 179.34±5 meV for Ag(111)*** 700K,one pop-up atom among island atoms is observed with correlative changes in the position and shape of the lower-layer adatoms.

关键词： Cu(111) method Diffusion

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Oblique propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic cnoidal waves in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas with nonextensive electrons

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第3期23卷 76-81页

作者： Muhammad KHALID Ghufran ULLAH Mohsin KHAN Sheraz AHMAD sardar NABI Daud KHAN Depatment of Physics Govermment Post Gaduate College MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Physics Islamia College Peshawar(Public Sector University)Peshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Physics Government Post Graduate College NowsheraNowshera 24100Pakistan

Theoretical investigation of nonlinear electrostatic ion-acoustic cnoidal waves(IACWs) is presented in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma with nonextensive electrons and Maxwellian positrons. Using reductive perturbation technique, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived and its cnoidal wave solution is analyzed. For given plasma parameters, our model supports only positive potential(compressive) IACW structures. The effect of relevant plasma parameters(viz., nonextensive parameter q, positron concentration p, temperature ratio σ,obliqueness l3) on the characteristics of IACWs is discussed in detail.

关键词： ion-acoustic cnoidal waves KdV equation q-distribution

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τ-Access Policy:Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme for Social Network Based Data Trading

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China Communications 2021年第8期18卷 183-198页

作者： Shamsher Ullah Lan Zhang Muhammad Wasif sardar Muhammad Tanveer Hussain School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072ShaanxiChina School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Electronics and Electrical Systems University of LahorePunjab54000Pakistan School of Science Department of MathematicsUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan.

The rapid development of social technology has replaced physical interaction in the trading *** implication of this technology is to provide access to the right information at the right *** drawback of these technologies is that the eavesdropper can remove the user from the network and can create proxy *** this paper,we discuss how a social network overcome and prevent these data trading *** maintain the security of data trading,we applied ABE technique based on DBDH to secure data trading *** proposedτ-access policy scheme provides the best solution for the betterment of data trading network in terms of ***τ-access policy scheme,the users can encrypt and decrypt Private Transactions Information(PTI)using our proposedτ-access *** security properties ofτ-access policy are data confidentiality,data integrity,authenticity,non-repudiation,and *** efficiency of our scheme is 77.73%,which is more suitable for data trading markets and trading strategies.

关键词： ABE privacy integrity data trading PTI τ-access policy

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Interaction of point defects with twin boundaries in Au: A molecular dynamics study

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第9期22卷 496-504页

作者： Fayyaz Hussain sardar Sikandar Hayat Zulfiqar Ali Shah Najmul Hassan Shaikh Aftab Ahmad Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Physics Hazara University

The molecular dynamics simulation technique with many-body and semi-empirical potentials （based on the embedded atom method potentials） has been used to calculate the interactions of point defects with （1 1 1）, （1 1 3）, and （1 2 0） twin boundaries in Au at different temperatures. The interactions of single-, di-, and tri-vacancies （at on- and off-mirror sites） with the twin interfaces at 300 K are calculated. All vacancy clusters are favorable at the on-mirror arrangement near the （1 1 3） twin boundary. Single- and di-vacancies are more favorable at the on-mirror sites near the （1 1 l） twin boundary, while they are favorable at the oft-mirror sites near the （1 2 0） twin boundary. Almost all vacancy clusters energetically prefer to lie in planes closest to the interface rather than away from it, except for tri-vacancies near the （1 2 0） interface at the off-mirror site and for 3.3 and 3.4 vacancy clusters at both sites near the （1 1 1） interface, which are favorable away from the interface. The interaction energy is high at high temperatures.

关键词： molecular dynamics twin boundaries vacancy clusters gold

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第10期36卷 1106-1111页

作者： sardar Ahmad M.Shafiq Rashid Ahmad S.Jalali-Asadabadi Iftikhar Ahmad Department of Chemistry University of Malakand Center for Computational Materials Science University of Malakand Department of Physics Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Isfahan

In this paper, we explored the structural, elastic and mechanical properties of the strongly correlated electron systems, intermetallic Ln-Au（Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu） in cubic structure,using PF-LAPW method within the density functional theory. Structural properties of these intermetallics were investigated by treating the exchange-correlation potential with the GGA-PBE, GGA-PBEsol and GGA ＋ U. The effectiveness of the U for the structural properties as compared to other methods confirms the strong correlated nature of these compounds and the calculated lattice constants endorse the divalency of Yb. The results demonstrate the stable cubic CsCl structure of these compounds. Bulk modulus, Young＇s modulus, shear modulus, B/G ratio, Cauchy pressure, Poisson＇s ratio, anisotropic ratio,Kleinman parameters and Lame＇s coefficients were studied using the PBEsol to evaluate their importance in various types of engineering applications. The most prominent features of these compounds are their ductility, very high melting points, resistance to corrosion, and anisotropic nature.

关键词： Strongly correlated electron systems Rare-earth monoaurides Mechanical properties Ab-initio calculation

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A Drone-Based Blood Donation Approach Using an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1917-1930页

作者： Sana Abbas Faraha Ashraf Fahd Jarad Muhammad Shoaib sardar Imran Siddique School of Mathematics Minhaj UniversityLahore54770Pakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityEtimesgutAnkara06790Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan

This article presents an optimized approach of mathematical techniques in themedical domain by manoeuvring the phenomenon of ant colony optimization algorithm(also known as ACO).A complete graph of blood banks and a path that covers all the blood banks without repeating any link is required by applying the Travelling Salesman Problem(often TSP).The wide use promises to accelerate and offers the opportunity to cultivate health care,particularly in remote or unmerited environments by shrinking lab testing reversal times,empowering just-in-time lifesaving medical supply.

关键词： Network ant colony algorithm path complete graph blood banks drones travelling salesman problem

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Soil enzymatic activities and microbial community structure with different application rates of Cd and Pb

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第7期19卷 834-840页

作者： KHAN sardar CAO Qing HESHAM Abd El-Latif XIA Yue HE Ji-zheng Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Belting 100085 China. Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar 25120 Peshawar Pakistan

This study focused on the changes of soil microbial diversity and potential inhibitory effects of heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities at different application rates of Cd and/or Pb. The soil used for experiments was collected from Beijing and classified as endoaquepts. Pots containing 500 g of the soil with different Cd and/or Pb application rates were incubated for a period of 0, 2, 9, 12 weeks in a glasshouse and the soil samples were analyzed for individual enzymes, including catalase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, and the changes of microbial community structure. Results showed that heavy metals slightly inhibited the enzymatic activities in all the samples spiked with heavy metals. The extent of inhibition increased significantly with increasing level of heavy metals, and varied with the incubation periods. The soil bacterial community structure, as determined by polymerase chain reaction- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, was different in the contaminated samples as compared to the control. The highest community change was observed in the samples amended with high level of Cd. Positive correlations were observed among the three enzymatic activities, but negative correlations were found between the amounts of the heavy metals and the enzymatic activities.

关键词： soil contamination heavy metals application rate enzymatic activity microbial community

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Organic and Inorganic Mercury in Biological Samples of Flouresecent Lamp Industries Workers and Health Risks

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期33卷 89-102页

作者： Nayab GUL sardar KHAN Abbas KHAN Javed NAWAB Adnan SARWAR Nida GUL Climate Change Centre The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan Drug Control Administration Government of Khyber PakhtunkhwaHealth DepartmentPeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPeshawar 25120Pakistan Pak International Medical College and Research Institute HayatabadPeshawar 25120Pakistan

Objective The present study aims to investigate the concentrations of Hg and its aspects methyl mercury(Me-Hg)and inorganic mercury(I-Hg)in the biological samples(BSs)of fluorescent lamp industries workers(FLIWs).Methodology Different BSs including red blood cells(RBCs),plasma,urine,hair and nails were collected from the workers exposed to Hg and unexposed persons were selected as control group to measure both the T-Hg concentration as well as its species in different biological samples through quantitative *** data was collected through questionnaire *** The mean concentrations of T-Hg(31.9μg/L),Me-Hg(27.7μg/L),and I-Hg(5.36μg/L)in RBCs were found significantly(P<0.001)higher among the workers(n=40)as compared to the control group(n=40).Similarly the mean Hg concentrations in plasma,urine,hair and nails were also significantly higher among the workers than the control *** statistical relation between Hg concentration and demographic characteristics observed that workers experience and fish consumption has increased the Hg concentration while age,weight and smoking found no significant effect on Hg concentration in the *** The study observed that the workers were highly exposed to high concentration of Hg and they are at a high health risk.

关键词： Mercury Health risk Fluorescent lamp industries Regression Demographic characteristics Biological samples

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Hot deformation behavior and strain compensation constitutive model of equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第4期36卷 510-522页

作者： Can LI Imran sardar MUHAMMAD Lihui LANG Yingjian GUO Xiaoxing LI Sergei ALEXANDROVA Dexin ZHANG School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

In this work,two-stage diffusion bonding of micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy was car-ried out to study the flow behavior and constitutive models of the bonding joint and the base metal after the same thermal cycling during the hot forming *** and mechanical properties test were used to verify the good quality of the equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded TC4 ***-static tensile experiment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 750–900℃and strain rates of 0.0001–0.1 s^(-1).The joint showed the weak dynamic recovery at strain rates of 0.01–0.1 s^(-1)and temperatures of 750–850℃.At strain rates of 0.0001–0.001 s^(-1)and tempera-tures of 850–900℃,the flow stress of joint presented steady-state *** defor-mation conditions lead to the remarkable difference of dynamic softening performance between the joint and heat-treated base metal,but the flow stress in elastic and strain hardening stages exhibited similar *** strain compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive models of TC4 joint and heat-treated base metal were developed *** fifth-order polynomial functions between the material property correlation coefficients and strain were *** models have shown good correlation,with correlation coefficient values of 0.984 and *** percentage average absolute relative error for the models were found to be 10%and 9.46%,respectively.

关键词： Constitutive models Deformation Diffusion bonding Micro-duplex Titanium alloys

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