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A Game-Theoretic Approach to Safe Crowd Evacuation in Emergencies

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1631-1657页

作者： Maria Gul Imran ali Khan Gohar Zaman Atta Rahman Jamaluddin Mir sardar asad ali biabani May IssaAldossary Mustafa Youldash Ashraf Saadeldeen Maqsood Mahmud Asiya Abdus Salam Dania Alkhulaifi Abdullah AlTurkey31Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Science and Technology Unit Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Deanship of Scientific Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyOmdurman Islamic UniversityOmdurman14415Sudan Business Analytic Program Department of Management and MarketingCollege of Business AdministrationUniversity of BahrainSakhir32038Bahrain

Obstacle removal in crowd evacuation is critical to safety and the evacuation system efficiency. Recently, manyresearchers proposed game theoreticmodels to avoid and remove obstacles for crowd evacuation. Game theoreticalmodels aim to study and analyze the strategic behaviors of individuals within a crowd and their interactionsduring the evacuation. Game theoretical models have some limitations in the context of crowd evacuation. Thesemodels consider a group of individuals as homogeneous objects with the same goals, involve complex mathematicalformulation, and cannot model real-world scenarios such as panic, environmental information, crowds that movedynamically, etc. The proposed work presents a game theoretic model integrating an agent-based model to removethe obstacles from exits. The proposed model considered the parameters named: (1) obstacle size, length, andwidth, (2) removal time, (3) evacuation time, (4) crowd density, (5) obstacle identification, and (6) route *** proposed work conducts various experiments considering different conditions, such as obstacle types, obstacleremoval, and several obstacles. Evaluation results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with existingliterature in reducing the overall evacuation time, cell selection, and obstacle removal. The study is potentially usefulfor public safety situations such as emergency evacuations during disasters and calamities.

关键词： Safe crowd evacuation public safety emergency transition probability cooperation

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KurdSet: A Kurdish Handwritten Characters Recognition Dataset Using Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 429-448页

作者： sardar Hasen ali Maiwan Bahjat Abdulrazzaq Computer Science Department University of ZakhoDuhokIraq

Handwritten character recognition(HCR)involves identifying characters in images,documents,and various sources such as forms surveys,questionnaires,and signatures,and transforming them into a machine-readable format for subsequent *** recognizing complex and intricately shaped handwritten characters remains a significant *** use of convolutional neural network(CNN)in recent developments has notably advanced HCR,leveraging the ability to extract discriminative features from extensive sets of raw *** of the absence of pre-existing datasets in the Kurdish language,we created a Kurdish handwritten dataset called(KurdSet).The dataset consists of Kurdish characters,digits,texts,and *** dataset consists of 1560 participants and contains 45,240 *** this study,we chose characters only from our *** utilized a Kurdish dataset for handwritten character *** study also utilizes various models,including InceptionV3,Xception,DenseNet121,and a *** show the performance of the KurdSet dataset,we compared it to Arabic handwritten character recognition dataset(AHCD).We applied the models to both datasets to show the performance of our ***,the performance of the models is evaluated using test accuracy,which measures the percentage of correctly classified characters in the evaluation *** models performed well in the training phase,DenseNet121 exhibited the highest accuracy among the models,achieving a high accuracy of 99.80%on the Kurdish *** Xception model achieved 98.66%using the Arabic dataset.

关键词： CNN models Kurdish handwritten recognition KurdSet dataset Arabic handwritten recognition DenseNet121 model InceptionV3 model Xception model

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Modelling of debris-flow susceptibility and propagation: a case study from Northwest Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 200-217页

作者： Hamza DAUD Javed Iqbal TANOLI sardar Muhammad ASIF Muhammad QASIM Muhammad ali Junaid KHAN Zahid Imran BHATTI Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan JADOON Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Earth Sciences COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus 22010Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-KhoudMascat 123Oman Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Department of Earth Sciences Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelian 22500Pakistan

The geological and geographical position of the Northwest Himalayas makes it a vulnerable area for mass movements particularly landslides and debris flows. Mass movements have had a substantial impact on the study area which is extending along Karakorum Highway(KKH) from Besham to Chilas. Intense seismicity, deep gorges, steep terrain and extreme climatic events trigger multiple mountain hazards along the KKH, among which debris flow is recognized as the most destructive geohazard. This study aims to prepare a field-based debris flow inventory map at a regional scale along a 200 km stretch from Besham to Chilas. A total of 117 debris flows were identified in the field, and subsequently, a point-based debris-flow inventory and catchment delineation were performed through Arc GIS analysis. Regional scale debris flow susceptibility and propagation maps were prepared using Weighted Overlay Method(WOM) and Flow-R technique sequentially. Predisposing factors include slope, slope aspect, elevation, Topographic Roughness Index(TRI), Topographic Wetness Index(TWI), stream buffer, distance to faults, lithology rainfall, curvature, and collapsed material layer. The dataset was randomly divided into training data(75%) and validation data(25%). Results were validated through the Receiver Operator Characteristics(ROC) curve. Results show that Area Under the Curve(AUC) using WOM model is 79.2%. Flow-R propagation of debris flow shows that the 13.15%, 22.94%, and 63.91% areas are very high, high, and low susceptible to debris flow respectively. The propagation predicated by Flow-R validates the naturally occurring debris flow propagation as observed in the field surveys. The output of this research will provide valuable input to the decision makers for the site selection, designing of the prevention system, and for the protection of current infrastructure.

关键词： North Pakistan Debris flow Flow-R Propagation Susceptibility mapping Debris-flow inventory Weighted Overlay Method

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A comprehensive physical insight about thermo physical aspects of Carreau fluid flow over a rotated disk of variable thickness by implementing finite difference approach

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第1期11卷 143-153页

作者： sardar Bilal Imtiaz ali Shah Department of Mathematics AIR UniversityP.A.F ComplexSector E-9P.O.44000IslamabadPakistan

Present communication is devoted to analyze thermal characteristics of Carreau liquid flowing on variably thickened non-uniformly rotating *** formulation is constructed in view of complex coupled partial differential ***,boundary layer approach is executed for comprehensive examination of under consideration phenomenon with in boundary layer ***’s transformation is capitalized to convert the attained PDE’s into ordinary differential equations *** of attained ODE’s system is solved numerically by implementing Keller-Box *** of protuberant involved parameters on momentum and thermal distributions is illustrated through *** addition,impact of flow concerning parameters on wall shear stress and thermal flux is also *** assurance of present finding is done by making agreement with published results and by restricting considered problem to Newtonian ***,we observed that radially and tangentially directed wall drag lessen with growing magnitude of power law exponent ***,the consequence of disk thickness parameter grows stresses along radial direction whereas opposite behavior is depicted in case of tangentially directed friction and heat flux factors.

关键词： Carreau viscosity model Rotating disk Non-uniform thickness Keller-Box method

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Adaptive Runtime Monitoring of Service Level Agreement Violations in Cloud Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4199-4220页

作者： Sami Ullah Khan Babar Nazir Muhammad Hanif Akhtar ali sardar Alam Usman Habib Department of Computer Science COMSATS UniversityAbbottabad CampusPakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan(GIK)Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology TopiPakistan IFahja Pvt Limited PeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences IslamabadChiniot-Faisalabad CampusPakistan

The cloud service level agreement(SLA)manage the relationship between service providers and consumers in cloud *** is an integral and critical part of modern era IT vendors and communication *** to low cost and flexibility more and more consumers delegate their tasks to cloud providers,the SLA emerges as a key aspect between the consumers and *** monitoring of Quality of Service(QoS)attributes is required to implement SLAs because of the complex nature of cloud *** other factors,such as user reliability,satisfaction,and penalty on violations are also taken into ***,there is no such policy of cloud SLA monitoring to minimize SLA *** this work,we have proposed a cloud SLA monitoring policy by dividing a monitoring session into two parts,for critical and non-critical *** critical and non-critical parameters will be decided on the interest of the consumer during SLA *** will help to shape a new comprehensive SLA based Proactive Resource Allocation Approach(RPAA)which will monitor SLA at runtime,analyze the SLA parameters and try to find the possibility of SLA *** also have implemented an adaptive system for allocating cloud IT resources based on SLA violations and *** have defined two main components of SLA-PRAA i.e.,(a)Handler and(b)Accounting and Billing *** have also described the function of both components through *** experimental results validate the performance of our proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art cloud SLA policies.

关键词： Energy consumption penalty calculation proactive resource allocation service level agreement(SLA)monitoring SLA violation detection

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Syntheses,Spectral Studies and Bioanalyses of Some Triorganotin(IV) Complexes of Cephlaxine

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2008年第7期27卷 846-852页

作者： Wajid Rehman Bakhtiar Muhammad Farman ali sardar Atif Department of Chemistry Hazara University MansehraPakistan

Five novel triorganotin（IV） complexes have been synthesized by refluxing trimethyl, triethyl, tributyl, triphenyl and tribenzyltin chloride with Cephlaxine. These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic （IR, IH, 13C, 119Sn NMR） techniques and elemental analysis. The results obtained through these techniques are in full agreement with the proposed 1：1 stoichiometry. The synthesized compounds were than tested against various microorganisms and fungi. The results of new products obtained showed that the triphenyltin（IV） complex displayed promising activity against all types of bacteria and fungi used while all other compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity.

关键词： cephlaxine spectra triorganotin activity bacteria

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Effect of niobium promoter on iron-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch reaction

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燃料化学学报 2012年第1期40卷 48-53页

作者： sardar ali Noor Asmawati MOHD ZABIDI Duvvuri SUBBARAO Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Tronoh Perak Malaysia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Tronoh Perak Malaysia

Niobium-promoted Fe/CNTs catalysts were prepared using a wet impregnation *** were characterized by nitrogen adsorption,H2-TPR,TPD,XRD and *** Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis(FTS) was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at 220 ℃,1 atm and H2/CO=2 for 5 *** of niobium into Fe/CNTs increased the dispersion,decreased the average size of iron oxide nanoparticles and the catalyst ***-promoted Fe catalyst resulted in appreciable increase in the selectivity of C5+ hydrocarbons and suppressed methane *** effects were more pronounced for the 0.04%Nb/Fe/CNTs catalyst,compared to those observed from other niobium *** 0.04%Nb/Fe/CNTs catalyst enhanced the C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity by a factor of 67.5% and reduced the methane selectivity by a factor of 59.2%.

关键词：碳纳米管铌费托合成铁碳氢化合物

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Development of niobium-promoted cobalt catalysts on carbon nanotubes for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2011年第6期20卷 659-663页

作者： sardar ali Noor Asmawati Mohd Zabidi Duvvuri Subbarao Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar31750 TronohPerakMalaysia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar31750 TronohPerakMalaysia

Cobalt-based catalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method on carbon nanotubes （CNTs） support and promoted with *** were characterized by nitrogen adsorption,TEM,XRD,TPR,TPO and *** of niobium increased the dispersion of cobalt but decreased the catalysts ***-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at 543 K,1 atm and H2/CO=2 for 5 *** of niobium enhanced the C5＋ hydrocarbons selectivity by 39% and reduced methane selectivity by 59%.These effects were more pronounced for 0.04%Nb/Co/CNTs catalyst,compared with those observed for other niobium compositions.

关键词： CNTs cobalt niobium Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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Interaction of point defects with twin boundaries in Au: A molecular dynamics study

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第9期22卷 496-504页

作者： Fayyaz Hussain sardar Sikandar Hayat Zulfiqar ali Shah Najmul Hassan Shaikh Aftab Ahmad Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Physics Hazara University

The molecular dynamics simulation technique with many-body and semi-empirical potentials （based on the embedded atom method potentials） has been used to calculate the interactions of point defects with （1 1 1）, （1 1 3）, and （1 2 0） twin boundaries in Au at different temperatures. The interactions of single-, di-, and tri-vacancies （at on- and off-mirror sites） with the twin interfaces at 300 K are calculated. All vacancy clusters are favorable at the on-mirror arrangement near the （1 1 3） twin boundary. Single- and di-vacancies are more favorable at the on-mirror sites near the （1 1 l） twin boundary, while they are favorable at the oft-mirror sites near the （1 2 0） twin boundary. Almost all vacancy clusters energetically prefer to lie in planes closest to the interface rather than away from it, except for tri-vacancies near the （1 2 0） interface at the off-mirror site and for 3.3 and 3.4 vacancy clusters at both sites near the （1 1 1） interface, which are favorable away from the interface. The interaction energy is high at high temperatures.

关键词： molecular dynamics twin boundaries vacancy clusters gold

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Study of Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Sera of Iraqi Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第5期6卷 126-135页

作者： Vyan asad Qadir sardar Nouri Ahmed Dler Rostum ali Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Health Koya University Koy Sanjaq Iraq Department of Clinical Biochemistry College of Medicine Hawler Medical University Erbil Iraq

Introduction: To investigate the relationship of xanthine oxidase activity with nephrotic syndrome disorder in children, and the optimization of the enzyme activity conditions in the disorder. Material and methods: Sera of children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) (60 samples) were obtained from Central Child Teaching Al Karama Hospital (CCTAH), from 2nd Mar. 2013 to 28th Feb. 2014. Sera of the patients were assayed for xanthine oxidase (XO) activity using colorimetric absorbance technique. The obtained results were compared with the enzyme activity of normal children (70 samples) as control. Results and conclusions: The results revealed a significant (P < 0.001) elevation in XO activity in serum of nephrotic syndrome (0.12 ± 0.06 IU/L) compared with that of normal subjects (0.05 ± 0.009 IU/L), showing an elevation of (70%) in XO activity (about 2/3) that of normal group. Factors influencing XO activities were also studied and showed that XO activity is a pH dependent. Significant elevation (P < 0.001) was found in uric acid level in sera of NS patients (497.52 ± 3.21 μmol/L) compared with that in normal group (298.12 ± 1.70 μmol/L). Elevation was found in urea level in sera of NS patient (10.69 ± 7.55 mmol/L) compared with that of normal group (4.57 ± 1.27 mmol/L). It was appeared, there is a role of XO activity in the pathogenesis of endothelial injury during glomerular lesion in NS and that was confirmed by comparing XO activity and other related conditions with the activity of normal volunteers.

关键词： Xanthine Oxidase Urea Uric Acid Nephrotic Syndrome

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