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Assessing display var.ability in wild br.wn anoles Anolis sagr.i using a mechanical lizar. model

Cur.ent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： sarah r. partan Peter.OTOVIC Vir.inia L. Pr.CE Scott E. Br.WN School of Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA Depar.ment of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals used for.species identity ought to be highly ster.otyped so as to facilitate immediate r.cognition by conspecifics. It is sur.r.sing ther.for. to find var.ability in putative species signatur. displays. The br.wn anole Anolis sagr.i has a high degr.e of var.ability in its signatur. bobbing display. In this study we collected descr.ptive data on var.ability in the tempor.l str.ctur. of wild br.wn anole bobbing patter.s, finding that no two displays analyzed had the same tempor.l str.ctur., and we also tested whether.wild br.wn anoles pr.fer.the signatur. display over.an alter.ate display patter. by using mechanical r.bot playbacks in the field. As a r.sponse metr.c we assessed whether.or.not the lizar.s showed social r.sponses （pushup, dewlap extension, or.head-nod） in r.sponse to the r.botic pr.sentations. We found that the lizar.s r.sponded slightly mor. to the signatur. than to the alter.ate patter., pr.viding suppor. for.the idea that despite the var.ability seen in displays, the signatur. patter. is meaningful to them. We tested two other.independent var.ables： speed of the display and elevation of the r.bot dur.ng its display, neither.of which was significant. Dewlap extensions wer. given pr.dominantly by adult males and wer. mor. likely to be given in the br.eding season than the nonbr.eding season. Pushups and head-nods wer. given equally by males and a combined class of females and juveniles, and wer. not seasonal. Head-nods incr.ased after.the r.bot tur.ed off, suggesting that they may be used in a conver.ational tur.-taking style dur.ng communication .

关键词： Species r.cognition Ethor.botics Visual signals Ter.itor.ality Signatur. display Sex differ.nces

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Multimodal alar. behavior.in ur.an and r.r.l gr.y squir.els studied by means of obser.ation and a mechanical r.bot

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Cur.ent Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 313-326页

作者： sarah r.partan Andr.w G FULMEr.Maya A.M.GOUNAr. Jake E.r.DMOND Hampshir. College School of Cognitive Science

Ur.anization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natur.l communication systems of any species able to sur.ive in the changed envir.nment. Ur.an animals such as squir.els use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is un- known how ttr.anization has affected these behavior.. Multimodal commtmication, involving mor. than one sensor. modality, can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that ar. designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be pr.- sented to animal subjects in the field. In this way the r.sponses to the var.ous signal components can be compar.d and contr.sted to deter.ine whether.the multimodal signal is made up of r.dundant or.nonr.dundant components. In this study, we pr.sented wild gr.y squir.els in r.latively ur.an and r.latively r.r.l habitats in Wester. Massachusetts with a biomimetic squir.el model that pr.duced tail flags and alar. bar.s in a var.ety of combinations. We found that the squir.els r.sponded to each unimodal component on its own, the bar. and tail flag, but they r.sponded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both the acoustic and the moving visual components, pr.viding evidence that in this context the signal components ar. r.dundant and that their.combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the r.sults of partan et al. （2009） by pr.viding data on sig- naling behavior.in the pr.sence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alar. signaling is mor. likely if conspecifics ar. pr.sent. We found that the squir.els wer. mor. active in the ur.an habitats and that they r.sponded mor. to tail flagging in the ur.an habitats as compar.d to the r.r.l ones, suggesting the inter.sting possibility of a multimodal shift fr.m r.liance on audio to visual signals in noisier.mor. cr.wded ur.an habitats [Cur.ent Zoology 56 （3）： 313-326, 2010].

关键词： Alar. behavior Communication Gr.y squir.el Sciur.s car.linensis Multisensor. signaling r.dundancy Ur.anization Ethor.botics

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80岁以上初次全踝关节置换术的短期疗效:一项全国性数据分析

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临床骨科杂志 2023年第5期26卷 710-710页

作者： partan M Fr.NE N ITUr.IAGA C 胡孔足(译) 不详

全踝关节置换术开展的越来越多。为了研究高龄对手术结果的影响,作者提取了美国国家登记系统的全踝关节置换术数据,总共1113例,其中1059例为80岁以下,54例为80岁以上。结果发现,80岁以上患者增加了住院时间(80岁以下为1.9 d,80岁以上为2... 详细信息

全踝关节置换术开展的越来越多。为了研究高龄对手术结果的影响,作者提取了美国国家登记系统的全踝关节置换术数据,总共1113例,其中1059例为80岁以下,54例为80岁以上。结果发现,80岁以上患者增加了住院时间(80岁以下为1.9 d,80岁以上为2.5 d)。两者并发症无显著差异。80岁以上患者显著增加了出院至康复或者护理中心的概率。

关键词：护理中心短期疗效全踝关节置换术数据分析手术结果登记系统无显著差异

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