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Multifunctional FeCo-Graphitic Carbon Nanocrystals for Combined Imaging, Drug Delivery and Tumor-Specific photothermal Therapy in Mice

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Nano Research 2011年第12期4卷 1248-1260页

作者： sarah p. Sherlock Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

Ultrasmall FeCo-graphitic carbon shell nanocrystals （FeCo/GC） are promising multifunctional materials capable of highly efficient drug delivery in vitro and magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. In this work, we demonstrate the use of FeCo/GC for highly effective cancer therapy through combined drug delivery, tumor-selective near-infrared photothermal therapy, and cancer imaging of a 4T1 syngeneic breast cancer model. The graphitic carbon shell of the ~4 nm FeCo/GC readily loads doxorubicin （DOX） via π-π stacking and absorbs near-infrared light giving photothermal heating. When used for cancer treatment, intravenously administrated FeCo/GC-DOX led to complete tumor regression in 45% of mice when combined with 20 min of near-infrared laser irradiation selectively heating the tumor to 43-45 ℃. In addition, the use of FeCo/GC-DOX results in reduced systemic toxicity compared with free DOX and appears to be safe in mice monitored for over 1 yr. FeCo/GC-DOX is shown to be a highly integrated nanoparticle system for synergistic cancer therapy leading to tumor regression of a highly aggressive tumor model.

关键词： Nanocrystals photothermal therapy doxorubicin hyperthermia magnetic resonance imaging

Geoengineering Research Moves from Laboratory to Field

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 3-5页

作者： sarah C.p.Williams Senior Technology Writer

In March 2023,a converted bomber took off from Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska,USA,carrying a payload of delicate scientific instruments(Fig.1).Operated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),the flight aimed to collect a plethora of information about the Earth’s *** exploration sounds routine,but the mission’s goal is unusual for a government entity:to inform policy decisions surrounding large-scale,deliberate interventions to alter the stratosphere for climate change mitigation[1].The approach of deflecting sunlight to cool the planet,called solar radiation management or solar geoengineering,was long considered a fringe *** with recent funding and attention from government agencies like NOAA,the approach is moving mainstream.

关键词： Earth planet payload

First pig-to-Live Human Xenotransplant produces Mixed Results

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 6-8页

作者： sarah C.p.Williams Senior Technology Writer

On 7 January 2022,a 57-year-old man with terminal heart disease became the first living human to receive a genetically modified pig organ—a heart—transplanted into his chest during a 8 h surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore,MD,USA(Fig.1)[1].The pig heart,provided by the biotechnology company Revivicor(Blacksburg,VA,USA),had ten gene modifications intended to boost the chances of a successful pig-to-human transplant.

关键词： Maryland Human boost

Epigenomics and gene regulation in mammalian social systems

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 307-319页

作者： Tania p.GUERRERO Jorns FICKEL sarah BENHAIEM Alexandra WEYRICH Department Evolutionary Genetics Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research(IZW)Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17BerlinD-10315Germany Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.4FreiburgD-79085Germany Instute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str.2425Potsdam14476Germany Department Ecological Dynamics Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildife Research(IZW)Alfred-Kowalke Str.17BerlinD-10315Germany

Social epigenomics is a new field of research that studies how the social environment shapes the epigenome and how in turn the epigenome modulates *** focus on describing known gene-environment interactions(GEIs)and epigenetic mechanisms in different mammalian social *** illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms integrate GEIs,we highlight examples where epigenetic mechanisms are associated with social behaviors and with their maintenance through neuroendocrine,locomotor,and metabolic *** discuss future research trajectories and open questions for the emerging field of social epigenomics in nonmodel and naturally occurring social ***,we outline the technological advances that aid the study of epigenetic mechanisms in the establishment of GEIs and vice versa.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation histone modification rank social status social systems

Ecogeomorphic Feedbacks in Semiarid Rangelands:A Review

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pedosphere 2009年第2期19卷 217-229页

作者： I.STAVI H.LAVEE E.D.UNGAR p.sarah Laboratory of Soil and Geomorphology Department of Geography and EnvironmentBar Ilan UniversityRamat Gan 52900(Israel) Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research Organizationthe Volcani CenterBet Dagan 50250(Israel)

The ecogeomorphic processes occurring on semiarid rangelands are reviewed, with emphasis on the source-sink relations and positive feedback loops that existed between shrub patches and intershrub areas, and the way livestock presence affected these interactions. Compared with intershrub areas, the shrub patches had a higher soil porosity, infiltration capacity, water-holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, structural stability, and organic matter content, and lower bulk density. These differences derived from a host of processes whose intensity was less in the shrub patches, including raindrop impact, mechanical crust formation, overland water flow, soil erosion, evaporative moisture loss, and flock trampling. There was also greater shading of the soil surface; soil and litter deposition; water accumulation; microbial, fungal, and mesofaunal activities in the shrub patches. The overland flow of water carried soil and litter from the intershrub areas to the shrub patches and resulted in microtopographic modifications that tended to strengthen these source-sink relations. Grazing had an impact on these processes, not only at the shrub-intershrub scale but also within the intershrub areas, through the creation of highly compacted trampling routes. The combined role of the above ecogeomorphic processes was to maintain the rangeland＇s functionality. Without these inter-relationships, water loss, soil erosion, and nutrient depletion would occur at the hillside scale, causing degradation of the landscape.

关键词： intershrub areas shrubs soil resources trampling routes

prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in haemodialysis patients from central Greece

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第2期16卷 225-231页

作者： paraskevi Mina sarah p Georgiadou Christos Rizos George N Dalekos Eirini I Rigopoulou Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine Medical School University of Thessaly41110 LarissaThessalyGreece Research Group of Investigational Medicine Institute of Biomedical Research and TechnologyCentre for Research and Technology-Thessaly(CE.RE.TE.TH)41222 LarissaThessalyGreece RE.TE.TH)41222 LarissaThessalyGreece Research Group of Investigational Medicine Institute of Biomedical Research and TechnologyCentre for Research and Technology-Thessaly(CE.RE.TE.TH)41222 LarissaThessalyGreece

AIM:To assess the hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA and the prevalence of occult HBV infection in end-stage renal failure(ESRF)patients from Central Greece. METHODS:Sera from 366 ESRF patients attending five out of six dialysis units from Central Greece were investigated for HBV-DNA by real-time polymerase chain *** serum samples with repeatedly detectable HBV-DNA were considered *** antibodies to hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV)were tested by a third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV)were tested by two commercially available ***:HBV-DNA was detected in 15/366 patient (4.1%)and HBsAg in 20/366(5.5%).The prevalenc of occult HBV infection was 0.9%(3/346 HBsAg negative patients).Occult HBV was not associate with a specific marker of HBV infection or anti-HCV o anti-HEV *** was no significant differenc in HBV-DNA titres,demographic and biochemica features,between patients with occult HBV infectio and those with HBsAg-positive chronic HBV infection. CONCLUSION:In central Greece,4%of ESRF patient had detectable HBV-DNA,though in this setting,th prevalence of occult HBV seems to be very low(0.9%).

关键词： Hepatitis B virus-DNA Occult hepatitis B virus infection Haemodialysis Hepatitis B Real-time polymerase chain reaction

physicians’perspectives on adverse drug reactions in pediatric routine care:a survey

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World Journal of pediatrics 2022年第1期18卷 50-58页

作者： Martina p.Neininger sarah Jeschke Lisa M.Kiesel Thilo Bertsche Astrid Bertsche Clinical pharmacy Institute of PharmacyMedical FacultyLeipzig University and Drug Safety CenterLeipzig University and University HospitalBruederstrasse 3204103 LeipzigGermany University Hospital for Children and Adolescents NeuropediatricsErnst-Heydemann-Str.818057 RostockGermany

Background Children and adolescents are at particular risk for adverse drug reactions(ADRs).We investigated physicians’perceptions on ADRs in pediatric routine *** In this exploratory study from April to November 2020,we invited physicians treating pediatric patients across Germany to complete an online questionnaire consisting mainly of closed *** Completion rate was 98%(127/129).Of all participants,23%(29/127)stated they were not able to estimate how many of their pediatric patients experienced ADRs during drug *** remaining physicians estimated that 7.5%(median;Q25/Q753%/20%)of their pediatric patients were afected by *** counseling on ADRs,61%(77/127)stated they do not ask regularly the extent to which parents want to be *** total,26%(33/127)stated they avoid counseling on ADRs concerning commonly used approved therapies,whereas only 4%(5/127)did so concerning of-label use(pprescribe new medicines as they hope for better efectiveness;72%(91/127)said they are cautious about doing so owing to yet unknown *** all respondents,46%(58/127)stated they do not report ADRs to the *** the black triangle symbol,a European pharmacovigilance measure,11%(14/127)stated they knew it and 6%(7/127)stated they reported any suspected ADR for drugs with that *** physicians’perspectives on ADRs were ambivalent:ADRs infuenced their parent counseling and drug prescribing;yet,they struggled to estimate the impact of ADRs on their patients and were not aware of specifc pharmacovigilance measures.

关键词： Adverse drug reactions pediatrics physicians Routine care Spontaneous reporting

What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： sarah p F Bonny Graham E Gardner David W pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

Lessons from a Marine Spatial planning data management process for Ireland

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第2期14卷 139-157页

作者： sarah Flynn Will Meaney Adam M.Leadbetter Jeffrey p.Fisher Caitriona Nic Aonghusa Marine Institute RinvilleOranmoreCounty GalwayH91 R673Ireland

This paper presents a framework containing ten components to deliver a data management process for the storage and management of data used for Marine Spatial planning(MSp)in *** work includes a data process flow and a recommended solution *** architecture includes a central data catalogue and a spatial storage *** components of the process are presented to maximise the reuse potential of any dataset within an MSp *** terms‘Suitability’and‘Readiness’in the MSp context are offered as both formal and considered assessments of data,as is the applicability of a data stewardship maturity *** data contained in such a storage system can be published externally to potential consumers of these data is also *** process presents a means of managing data and metadata to ensure data lineage is optimised by carrying information about the origin of and the processing applied to the data;to evaluate the quality and relevance of geospatial datasets for use in MSp decisions in *** process was piloted in the National Marine planning Framework for Ireland in the development of draft map products;feedback from the public consultation is ongoing and not presented.

关键词： Marine Spatial planning MSp marine data storage&management data governance reuse&integration