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Current trends and applications in endoscopy for otology and neurotology

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery 2021年第2期7卷 101-108页

作者： sarah e.Ridge Kunal R.Shetty Daniel J.Lee eaton-peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonMAUSA Deportment of Otolorynsolosy Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonf MAf USA

There has been a rapid increase in endoscopic ear surgery for the management of middle ear and lateral skull base disease in children and adults over the last *** this review paper,we discuss the current trends and applications of the endoscope in the field of otology and *** of the endoscope include excellent ergonomics,compatibility with pediatric anatomy,and improved access to the middle ear through the external auditory *** endoscopic ear surgery has demonstrated comparable outcomes in the management of cholesteatoma,tympanic membrane perforations,and otosclerosis as compared to microscopic approaches,while utilizing less invasive surgical corridors and reducing the need for postauricular *** a postauricular approach is required,the endoscopic-assisted transmastoid approach can avoid a canal wall down mastoidectomy in cases of *** endoscope also has utility in treatment of superior canal dehiscence and various skull base lesions including glomus tumors,meningiomas,and vestibular *** of the operating room,the endoscope can be used during examination of the outer and middle ear and for debridement of complex mastoid *** these reasons,the endoscope is currently poised to transform the field of otology and neurotology.

关键词： endoscopic ear surgery Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery Transmastoid endoscopic ear surgery Otoendoscopy Otology Neurotology

Nanomedicine in the application of uveal melanoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2016年第8期9卷 1215-1225页

作者： Shuo You Jing Luo hans e.Grossniklaus Ma-Ling Gou Ke Meng Qing Zhang Department of endocrinology the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Winship Cancer Institute School of Medicine Emory University Department of Ophthalmology the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine Emory University Department of Pathology School of Medicine Emory University State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University

Rapid advances in nanomedicine have significantly changed many aspects of nanoparticle application to the eye including areas of diagnosis, imaging and more importantly drug delivery. The nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems has provided a solution to various drug solubility-related problems in ophthalmology treatment. Nanostructured compounds could be used to achieve local ocular delivery with minimal unwanted systematic side effects produced by taking advantage of the phagocyte system. In addition, the in vivo control release by nanomaterials encapsulated drugs provides prolong exposure of the compound in the body. Furthermore, certain nanoparticles can overcome important body barriers including the blood-retinal barrier as well as the corneal-retinal barrier of the eye for effective delivery of the drug. In summary, the nanotechnology based drug delivery system may serve as an important tool for uveal melanoma treatment.

关键词： nanomedicine nanoparticles gene delivery drug delivery uveal melanoma

The future of adenoassociated viral vectors for optogenetic peripheral nerve interfaces

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1446-1447页

作者： hans eAnderson Richard F.ff.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA

Prostheses have a several thousand year history for treating limb *** time, these prostheses have become more sophisticated and closer to replicating the natural *** advances have culminated in the myoelectrically con... 详细信息

关键词： closer advances thousand

Animal models of uveal melanoma

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Annals of eye Science 2022年第1期7卷 66-85页

作者： Ogul e.Uner Nikhila Gandrakota Corrina P.Azarcon hans e.Grossniklaus Department of Ophthalmology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Family Medicine Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Rollins School of Public health Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Pathology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Animal models are crucial for the study of tumorigenesis and therapies in oncology *** rare,uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common intraocular tumor and remains one of the most lethal *** the limitations of studying human UM cells in vitro,animal models have emerged as excellent platforms to investigate disease onset,progression,and *** Greene’s initial studies on hamster UM,researchers have dramatically improved the array of animal *** with spontaneous tumors have largely been replaced by engrafted and genetically engineered *** techniques continue to be refined and *** methods for directed mutagenesis have formed transgenic models to reliably study primary *** UM cell lines have been used to generate rapidly growing *** recently,patient-derived xenografts have emerged as models that closely mimic the behavior of human *** animal models to study metastatic UM have also been *** the advancements,the prognosis has only recently improved for UM patients,especially in patients with *** is a need to identify and evaluate new preclinical *** accomplish this goal,it is important to understand the origin,methods,advantages,and disadvantages of current animal *** this review,the authors present current and historic animal models for the experimental study of *** strengths and shortcomings of each model are discussed and potential future directions are explored.

关键词： Uveal melanoma(UM) ocular melanoma animal model xenograft transgenic mice

Characteristics and source attribution of PM2.5 during 2016 G20 Summit in hangzhou: efficacy of radical measures to reduce source emissions

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第8期33卷 47-65页

作者： Ke Chen sarah e.Metcalfe huan Yu Jingsha Xu honghui Xu Dongsheng Ji Chengjun Wang hang Xiao Jun he Department of Chemical and environmental engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China School of Geography University of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom Zhejiang Institute of Metrological Sciences Hangzhou310008China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China College of Resources and environmental Science South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan430074China Centre for excellence in Regional Atmos.environ.Institute of Urban environment Chinese Academy SciencesXiamen361021China Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China

A field campaign was conducted to study the PM2.5 and atmospheric gases and aerosol’s components to evaluate the efficacy of radical measures implemented by the Chinese government to improve air quality during the 2016 G20 Summit in hangzhou *** lower level of PM2.5(32.48±11.03μg/m3)observed during the control period compared to precontrol and post-control periods showed that PM2.5 was alleviated by control *** on the mass concentrations of particulate components,the emissions of PM2.5 from local sources including fossil fuel,coal combustion,industry and construction were effectively reduced,but non-exhaust emission was not reduced as effectively as *** accumulation of SNA(SO42-,NO3-,Nh4+)was observed during the control period,due to the favourable synoptic weather conditions for photochemical reactions and heterogeneous *** of transboundary transport during the control period,air masses from remote areas contributed significantly to local ***,secondary organic carbon(OCsec)exhibited more sensitivity than primary organic carbon(OCpri)to control measures,and the increased nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR)implied the regional transport of aged sec-ondary aerosols to the study ***,the results from various approaches revealed that local pollution sources were kept under control,indicating that the implementation of mitigation measures were helpful in improving the air quality of hangzhou during G20 *** reduce ambient levels of PM2.5 further in hangzhou,regional control policies may have to be taken so as to reduce the impact of long-range transport of air masses from inland China.

关键词： G20 Summit PM2.5 Long-range transport CMB model

Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity (arpD) depth and environmental variables in soft-sediment habitats

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第4期32卷 472-480页

作者： Travis G.Gerwing Alyssa M.Allen Gerwing Kieran Cox Francis Juanes sarah e.Dudas ecosystem Science and Management Program University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology University of Victoria Department of Biology Vancouver Island University

As global temperatures increase and dissolved oxygen(DO) content decreases in marine systems, indices assessing sediment DO content in benthic habitats are becoming increasingly useful. One such measure is the depth to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(arpD), a transition of sediment color that serves as a relative measure of sediment DO content. We examined spatiotemporal variation of arpD depth, and the nature of the relationships between arpD depth and biotic(infauna and epibenthic predators) and abiotic variables(sediment properties), as well as the availability of resources(chlorophyll a concentration, and organic matter content) in the intertidal mudflats of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. arpD depth varied significantly through space and time, and a combination of biotic(sessile and errant infauna, as well as epibenthic predators), and abiotic(exposure time of a plot, sediment particle size,pe.e.rability, and water content) variables, as well as the availability of resources(sediment organic matter content, and chlorophyll a concentration) were correlated with.arpD depth. As such, knowledge of both biotic and abiotic variables are required for a holistic understanding of sediment DO *** variables likely dictate a suite of potential arpD depth conditions, while biota and resource availability, via bioturbation and respiration, strongly influence the observed arpD depth. As DO conditions in marine systems will continue to change due to global climate change, elucidating these relationships are a key first step in predicting the influence decreasing DO content may have upon marine benthos.

关键词： Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity depth and environmental variables in soft-sediment habitats DO

Detection of adrenal mass during an educational point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2021年第2期12卷 154-156页

作者： Kay Negishi Jorge Short Apellaniz Daniel Ratanski sarah e.Frasure Andrew S.Liteplo hamid Shokoohi Department of emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115USA Department of emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington 20037USA

Dear editor,Incidental adrenal mass is a common radiological finding that is mostly detected in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans.^([1]) Though pheochromocytomas are a relatively rare chromaffin cell tumor,they... 详细信息

关键词： adrenal diagnosis editor

LhP1 Interacts with ATRX through Plant-Specific Domains at Specific Loci Targeted by PRC2

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Molecular Plant 2018年第8期11卷 1038-1052页

作者： haifeng Wang Danhua Jiang elin Axelsson Zdravko J. Lorkovic Sean Montgomery sarah holec Bas J.G.e. Pieters Abbas h.K. AI Temimi Jasmin Mecinovic Frederic Berger Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI) Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Biccenter (VBC) Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3 1030 Vienna Austria Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory 1 Research Link Nationat University of Singapore 117604 Singapore Singapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore Singapore Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands

heterochromatin Protein 1 （hP1） is a major regulator of chromatin structure and function. In animals, the network of proteins interacting with hP1 is mainly associated with constitutive heterochromatin marked by h3K9me3. hP1 physically interacts with the putative ortholog of the SNF2 chromatin remodeler ATRX, which controls deposition of histone variant h3.3 in mammals. In this study, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of ATRX participates in h3.3 deposition and possesses specific conserved domains in plants. We found that plant Like hP1 （LhP1） protein interacts with ATRX through domains that evolved specifically in land plant ancestors. Loss of ATRX function in Arabidopsis affects the expression of a limited subset of genes controlled by PRC2 （POLYCOMB RePReSSIVe COMPLeX 2）, including the flowering time regulator FLC. The function of ATRX in regulation of flowering time requires novel LhPl-interacting domain and ATPase activity of the ATRX SNF2 helicase domain. Taken together, these results suggest that distinct evolutionary pathways led to the interaction between ATRX and hP1 in mammals and its counterpart LhP1 in plants, resulting in distinct modes of transcriptional regulation.

关键词： ATRX LhPI1 h3 variants Chromatin histone evolution

In situ observation of synthesized nanoparticles in ultra-dilute aerosols via X-ray scattering

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Nano Research 2019年第1期12卷 25-31页

作者： sarah R.McKibbin Sofie Yngman Olivier Balmes Bengt O.Meuller Simon Tagerud Maria e.Messing Giuseppe Portale Michael Sztucki Knut Deppert Lars Samuelson Martin h.Magnusson edvin Lundgren Anders Mikkelsen Department of Physics and Nanolund Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden MaxIV Laboratory Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden University of Groningen Zemike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 4NL-9747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands eSRF-The european Synchrotron CS 4022038043 Grenoble Cedex 9France

In-air epitaxy of nanostructures(Aerotaxy)has recently emerged as a viable route for fast,large-scale *** this study,we use small-a ngle X-ray scatteri ng to perform direct in-flight characterizati ons of the first step of this process,i.e.,the en gineered formatio n of Au and Pt aerosol nan oparticles by spark gen erati on in a flow of N2 *** represe nts a particular challe nge for characterizati on because the particle density can be extremely low in con trolled *** particles produced are exami ned duri ng producti on at operatio nal pressures close to atmospheric conditions and exhibit a log no rmal size distributi on ranging from *** Au and Pt particle productio n and detection are *** observe and characterize the nanoparticles at different stages of synthesis and extract the corresponding domi nant physical properties,in cludi ng the average particle diameter and sphericity,as in flue need by particle sintering and the prese nee of *** observe highly sorted and sin tered spherical Au nano particles at ultra-dilute concen tratio ns(es/cm^3)corresponding to a volume fraction below 3×10^-10,which is orders of magnitude below that of previously measured *** independently confirm an average particle radius of 25 nm via Guinier and Kratky plot *** study indicates that with high-intensity synchrotron beams and careful con sideratio n of backgro und removal,size and shape info rmati on can be obtai ned for extremely low particle concentrations with industrially relevant narrow size distributions.

关键词： aerosol nanoparticle synthesis in situ analysis small-angle X-ray scattering Aerotaxy