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Arabidopsis CAMtA transcription Factors Regulate Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis and Priming of Immunity Genes

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 157-168页

作者： Yongsig Kim sarah J.Gilmour Lumen Chao Sunchung Park Michael F.thomashow MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48824USA MSU Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48824USA Department of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48824USA Present address:U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service1636 East Alisal St.SalinasCA 93905USA

the Arabidopsis thaliana Calmodulin-binding transcription Activator(CAMtA)transcription factors CAMtA1,CAMtA2,and CAMtA3(CAMtA123)serve as master regulators of salicylic acid(SA)-mediated immunity,repressing the biosynthesis of SA in healthy ***,we show that CAMtA123 also repress the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid(Pip)in healthy *** of CAMtA123 function resulted in the induction of AGD2-like defense response protein 1(ALD1),which encodes an enzyme involved in Pip *** of ALD1 resulted in the accumulation of high levels of Pip,which brought about increased levels of the SA receptor protein NPR1 without induction of NPR1 expression or requirement for an increase in SA ***-mediated induction of ALD1 and genes regulating the biosynthesis of SA—CBP60g,SARD1,PAD4,and EDS1—was largely dependent on ***,Pip-mediated increase in NPR1 protein levels was associated with priming of Pip and SA biosynthesis genes to induction by low levels of *** together,our findings expand the role for CAMtA123 in regulating key immunity genes and suggest a working model whereby loss of CAMtA123 repression leads to the induction of plant defense genes and initiation of SAR.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana pipecolic acid salicylic acid plant immunity priming CAMtA transcription factors

Mountain Adventure （II）

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考试与评价（英语中考专刊） 2016年第4期 29-30页

作者： Sue clarke

Multiparametric analysis of colorectal cancer immune responses

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第27期24卷 2995-3005页

作者： Julia KH Leman sarah K Sandford Janet L Rhodes Roslyn A Kemp Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, with a diverse and plastic immune cell infiltrate. these immune cells play an important role in regulating tumour growth-progression or elimination. Some populations of cells have a strong correlation with disease-free survival, making them useful prognostic markers. In particular, the infiltrate of CD3^+ and CD8^+ t cells into CRC tumours has been validated worldwide as a valuable indicator of patient prognosis. However, the heterogeneity of the immune response, both between patients with tumours of different molecular subtypes, and within the tumour itself, necessitates the use of multiparametric analysis in the investigation of tumour-specific immune responses. this review will outline the multiparametric analysis techniques that have been developed and applied to studying the role of immune cells in the tumour, with a focus on colorectal cancer. Because much of the data in this disease relates to t cell subsets and heterogeneity, we have used t cell populations as examples throughout. Flow and mass cytometry give a detailed representation of the cells within the tumour in a single-cell suspension on a per-cell basis. Imaging technologies, such as imaging mass cytometry, are used to investigate increasing numbers of markers whilst retaining the spatial and structural information of the tumour section and the infiltrating immune cells. together, the analyses of multiple immune parameters can provide valuable information to guide clinical decision-making in CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Flow cytometry Immune cells Multiparametric analysis Immunohistochemistry Mass cytometry Microscopy

Effects of progesterone on t-type-Ca^(2+)-channel expression in Purkinje cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2465-2471页

作者： Annika Eickhoff Jonas tjaden sarah Stahlke Matthias Vorgerd Verena theis Veronika Matschke Carsten theiss Department of Cytology Institute of AnatomyRuhr-University BochumBochumGermany Department of Neurology Neuromuscular Center RuhrgebietUniversity Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr-Universität BochumBochumGermany

Plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cells(PC)is influenced by progeste rone via the classical progeste rone receptors PR-A and PR-B by stimulating dendritogenesis,spinogenesis,and synaptogenesis in these *** PC cultures were used to analyze progeste rone effects at a molecular level on the voltage-gated t-type-Ca^(2+)-channels Ca_(v)3.1,Ca_(v)3.2,and Ca_(v)3.3 as they helped determine neuronal plasticity by regulating Ca^(2+)-influx in neuronal *** results showed direct effects of progesterone on the mRNA expression of t-type-Ca^(2+)-channels,as well as on the protein kinases A and C being involved in downstream signaling pathways that play an important role in neuronal *** the mRNA expression studies of t-type-Ca^(2+)-channels and protein kinases of the signaling cascade,laser microdissection and purified PC cultures of diffe rent maturation stages were *** staining was also performed to characte rize the localization of t-type-Ca^(2+)-channels in *** rimental progesterone treatment was performed on the purified PC culture for 24 and 48 *** results show that progesterone increases the expression of Ca_(v)3.1 and Ca_(v)3.3 and associated protein kinases A and Cin PC at the mRNA level within 48 hours after treatment at *** effects extend the current knowledge of the function of progesterone in the central nervous system and provide an explanatory approach for its influence on neuronal plasticity.

关键词： Ca_(v)3.1 Ca_(v)3.2 Ca_(v)3.3 neuronal plasticity progesterone protein kinase A protein kinase C Purkinje cells rat cerebellum t-type-Ca^(2+)-channels

Intrahepatic natural killer t cell populations are increased in human hepatic steatosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第13期17卷 1725-1731页

作者： Michael Adler sarah taylor Kamalu Okebugwu Herman Yee Christine Fielding George Fielding Michael Poles New York University School of Medicine New York NY 10016 United States

AIM: to determine if natural killer t cell (NKt) populations are affected in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MEtHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery underwent liver biopsy and blood sampling during surgery. the biopsy was assessed for steatosis and immunocyte infiltration. Intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) were isolated from the remainder of the liver biopsy, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood. Expression of surface proteins on both IHLs and PBMCs were quantified using flow cytometry. RESULtS: twenty-seven subjects participated in thisstudy. Subjects with moderate or severe steatosis had a higher percentage of intrahepatic CD3+/CD56+ NKt cells (38.6%) than did patients with mild steatosis (24.1%, P = 0.05) or those without steatosis (21.5%, P = 0.03). Patients with moderate to severe steatosis also had a higher percentage of NKt cells in the blood (12.3%) as compared to patients with mild steatosis (2.5% P = 0.02) and those without steatosis (5.1%, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: NKt cells are significantly increased in the liver and blood of patients with moderate to severe steatosis and support the role of NKt cells in NAFLD.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Natural killer t cells Natural killer t-like cells Lymphocytes Hepatic steatosis

Liver Fibrosis Helps to Distinguish Autoimmune Hepatitis from DILI with Autoimmune Features: A Review of twenty Cases

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Journal of Clinical and translational Hepatology 2019年第1期7卷 21-26页

作者： Christopher A.Febres-Aldana sarah Alghamdi Kritika Krishnamurthy Robert J.Poppiti Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFLUSA Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA

Background and Aims:Drug-induced liver injury with autoimmune features(AI-DILI)mimics the clinical presentation,and laboratory and pathologic features of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).We aimed to identify histopathologic hallmarks to differentiate these ***:All liver biopsies archived for the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively to identify cases of recently detected liver injury associated with predominantly lymphoplasmacytic interphase hepatitis,positive markers for liver autoimmunity,and negative tests for viral *** cases were divided into AIH(n=12)or AI-DILI(n=8)*** qualitative evaluation of necroinflammatory changes and liver fibrosis were performed according to the Scheuer scoring *** densities were determined using ImageJ(V1.51t,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,USA).Fibrosis was assessed on Masson trichrome-stained slides,and collagen deposition was estimated following a protocol of color ***:Necroinflammatory changes as well as densities(portal and lobular)of neutrophils and eosinophils,intracellular cholestasis,and regenerative changes did not differ between the two groups(P≥0.05).Neutrophil densities but not eosinophils showed a positive correlation with the severity of hepatocellular damage(r=0.6and 0.58,*** aminotransferase,Pt not histiocytic aggregates appeared to be more common in AI-DILI(Ptients presented more often with evidence of chronic damage,including higher scores of fibrosis and collagen deposition,in comparison to AI-DILI(Pthough there is no histologic feature pathognomonic for AI-DILI or AIH,advanced stages of liver fibrosis can be used to support the diagnosis of AIH in some *** diagnosis of AI-DILI requires follow-up and demonstration of complete remission after drug withdrawal with no need for immunosuppression.

关键词： DILI Autoimmune hepatitis Liver fibrosis Digital pathology

Do key innovations unlock diversification?A case-study on the morphological and ecological impact of pharyngognathy in acanthomorph fishes

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 575-588页

作者： Olivier Larouche Jennifer R.Hodge Laura R.V.Alencar Benjamin Camper Danielle S.Adams Katerina Zapfe sarah t.Friedman Peter C.Wainwright Samantha A.Price Department of Biological Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA Department of Evolution&Ecology University of California DavisDavisCA95616USA

Key inn ovations may allow lin eages access to new resources and facilitate the invasi on of new adaptive zon es,potentially influencing diversificati on patter *** studies have focused on the impact of key inno vations on speciation rates,but far less is known about how they influe nee phe notypic rates and patterns of ecomorphological *** use the repeated evolution of pharyngognathy within acanthomorph fishes,a commonly cited key innovation,as a case study to explore the predicti ons of key inn ovation ***,we in vestigate whether transiti ons to phary ngognathy led to shifts in the rate of phenotypic evolution,as well as shifts and/or expansion in the occupation of morphological and dietary space,using a dataset of 8 morphological traits measured across 3,853 species of *** the 6 evolutionarily independent pharyngognathous clades together,we found no evidence to support pharyngognathy as a key innovation;however,comparisons between individual pharyngognathous lineages and their sister clades did reveal some consistent *** morphospace,most pharyngognathous clades cluster in areas that correspond to deeper-bodied morphologies relative to their sister clades,whereas occupying greater areas in dietary space that reflects a more diversified diet Additi on ally,both Cichlidae and Labridae exhibited higher univariate rates of phenotypic evolution compared with their closest ***,few of these results were exceptional relative to our null *** results suggest that transitions to pharyngognathy may only be advantageous when combined with additional ecological or intrinsic factors,illustrating the importance of account!ng for lineage-specific effects when testing key innovation ***,the challenges we experienced formulating informative comparisons,despite the ideal evolutionary scenario of multiple independent evolutionary origins of pharyngognathous clades,illustrates the comple

关键词： Acanthomorpha comparative methods ecomorphological diversification evolutionary innovations phenotypic rates

Characteristics and distinct prognostic determinants of individuals with hepatosplenic t-cell lymphoma over the past two decades

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第6期15卷 745-754页

作者： Ayrton Bangolo Pierre Fwelo Shraboni Dey tanni Sethi Sowmya Sagireddy Jawaria Chatta Ashish Goel Sneha Nagpaul Eric Pin-Shiuan Chen Chiranjeeve Saravanan Sheeja Gangan Joel thomas sarah Potiguara Vignesh K Nagesh Daniel Elias Charlene Mansour Prajakta H Ratnaparkhi Priyanshu Jain Midhun Mathew taylor Porter Shadiya Sultan Shailaja Abbisetty Linh tran Megha Chawla Abraham Lo Simcha Weissman Christina Cho Department of Internal Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Epidemiology Human Geneticsand Environmental SciencesUTHealth School of Public HealthHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Stem Cell transplantation and Cellular therapy John Theurer Cancer CenterHackensackNJ 07601United States

BACKGROUND Hepatosplenic t-cell lymphoma(HStCL)is a rare and aggressive peripheral t-cell lymphoma with historically dismal outcomes,representing less than one percent of non-Hodgkin *** its rarity,the true incidence of HStCL is unknown and most data have been extrapolated through case *** the best of our knowledge,the largest and most up to date study addressing the epidemiology and outcomes of patients with HStCL in the United States covered a period from 1996 to 2014,with a sample size of 122 *** to paint the most updated epidemiological picture of *** A total of 186 patients diagnosed with HStCL,between 2000 and 2017,were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results *** analyzed demographics,clinical characteristics,and overall mortality(OM)as well as cancer-specific mortality(CSM)of *** with a P valuethe univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors,with a hazard ratio of greater than 1 representing adverse prog-nostic *** Overall,the outlook for this rare malignancy is very *** this retrospective cohort study of the United States population,non-Hispanic blacks and the elderly had a higher *** data highlights the need for larger prospective studies to investigate factors associated with worse prognosis in one ethnic group,such as treatment delays,which have been shown to increase mortality in this racial/ethnic group for other cancers.

关键词： Extra nodal lymphoma Mortality Survival Racial disparity Age

Flare-induced signals in polarization measurements during the X2.6 flare on 2005 January 15

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第7期9卷 812-828页

作者： Meng Zhao Jing-Xiu Wang sarah Matthews Ming-De Ding Hui Zhao Chun-Lan Jin National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking Surrey RH56NT UK Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Flare-induced signals in polarization measurements which were manifested as apparent polarity reversal in magnetograms have been reported since 1981. We are motivated to further quantify the phenomenon by asking two questions： can we distinguish the flare-induced signals from real magnetic changes during flares, and what we can learn about flare energy release from the flare-induced signals？ We select the X2.6 flare that occurred on 2005 January 15, for further study. the flare took place in NOAA active region （AR） 10720 at approximately the central meridian, which makes the interpretation of the vector magnetograms less ambiguous. We have identified that flare-induced signals during this flare appeared in six zones. the zones are located within an average distance of 5 Mm from their weight center to the main magnetic neutral line, have an average size of （0.6±0.4） ×10^17 cm^2, duration of 13±4 min, and flux density change of 181±125 G in the area of reversed polarity. the following new facts have been revealed by this study：（1） the flare-induced signal is also seen in the transverse magnetograms but with smaller magnitude, e.g., about 50 G; （2） the flare-induced signal mainly manifests itself as apparent polarity reversal, but the signal starts and ends as a weakening of flux density; （3） the flare-induced signals appear in phase with the peaks of hard X-ray emission as observed by the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager （RHESSI）, and mostly trace the position of RHESSI hard X-ray footpoint sources. （4） in four zones, it takes place cotemporally with real magnetic changes which persist after the flare. Only for the other two zones does the flux density recover to the pre-flare level immediately after the flare. the physical implications of the flare-induced signal are discussed in view of its relevance to the non-thermal electron precipitation and primary energy release in the flare.

关键词： Sun: magnetic field - Sun: flare - Sun: activity