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Osteoblastic glucocorticoid signaling exacerbates high-fat-diet-induced bone loss and obesity

Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 537-548页

作者： sarah Kim Holger Henneicke Lauryn L.Cavanagh Eugenie Macfarlane Lee joanne Thai Daphne Foong Sylvia j.Gasparini Colette Fong-Yee Michael M.Swarbrick Markus j.Seibel Hong Zhou Bone Research Program ANZAC Research InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Concord Clinical School The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of MedicineⅢ Technische University Dresden Medical CenterDresdenGermany Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universitat Dresden Medical CenterDresdenGermany Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden Technische University DresdenDresdenGermany Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Concord Repatriation General HospitalThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Chronic high-fat diet(HFD)consumption not only promotes obesity and insulin resistance,but also causes bone loss through mechanisms that are not well ***,we fed wild-type CD-1 mice either chow or a HFD(43%of energy from fat)for 18 weeks;HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased trabecular volume(-28%)and cortical thickness(-14%)compared to chow-fed *** HFD-fed mice,bone loss was due to reduced bone formation and mineral apposition,without obvious effects on bone *** feeding also increased skeletal expression of sclerostin and caused deterioration of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network(LCN).In mice fed HFD,skeletal glucocorticoid signaling was activated relative to chow-fed mice,independent of serum corticosterone *** therefore examined whether skeletal glucocorticoid signaling was necessary for HFD-induced bone loss,using transgenic mice lacking glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts and osteocytes(HSD2^(OB/OCY)-tg mice).In HSD2^(OB/OCY)-tg mice,bone formation and mineral apposition rates were not suppressed by HFD,and bone loss was significantly ***,in HSD2^(OB/OCY)-tg mice fed HFD,both Wnt signaling(less sclerostin induction,increased P

关键词： glucocorticoid obesity matched

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Cavefish mount a rapid and sustained regenerative response following skeletal muscle injury

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 776-778页

作者： Luke Olsen Huzaifa Hassan Fanning Xia sarah Keaton Nicolas Rohner Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas CityMO 64110USA Department of Molecular&Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biological Sciences DePaul UniversityChicagoIL 60614USA

Dear Editor,Physical injury and tissue damage are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom,with the ability to regenerate quickly and efficiently providing a selective *** most vertebrates,skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to regenerate,making it a valuable model for investigating the cellular processes underpinning tissue *** damage,skeletal muscle mounts a complex regenerative cascade centered around dedicated muscle stem cells,i.e.,satellite *** satellite cells are,in turn,regulated by both resident and infiltrating innate immune cells of myeloid lineage,which play a crucial role in activating and guiding the transition of satellite cells towards maturation(Chen et al.,2020;Tidball,2017;Tidball&Villalta,2010).While critical for muscle regeneration,the innate immune system is energetically costly,resulting in many species decreasing immune investment under nutrient-limited *** this reduced investment results in a decreased capacity to mount a regenerative response following tissue damage remains ***,we utilized an emerging evolutionary model,the Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus),to investigate the consequences of shifts in immune system investment on skeletal muscle regeneration.

关键词： sustained mount injury

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The utility of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of volume status in acute and critically ill patients

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第4期10卷 232-238页

作者： Ali Pourmand Matthew Pyle David Yamane Kazi Sumon sarah E.Frasure Department of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:Volume resuscitation has only been demonstrated to be effective in approximately fifty percent of *** remaining patients do not respond to volume resuscitation and may even develop adverse outcomes(such as acute pulmonary edema necessitating endotracheal intubation).We believe that point-of-care ultrasound is an excellent modality by which to adequately predict which patients may benefi t from volume *** RESOURCES:We performed a search using PubMed,Scopus,and *** following search terms were used:fluid responsiveness,ultrasound,non-invasive,hemodynamic,fluid challenge,and passive leg *** was given to clinical trials and review articles that were most relevant to the topic of assessing a patient’s cardiovascular ability to respond to intravenous fl uid administration using ***:Point-of-care ultrasound can be easily employed to measure the diameter and collapsibility of various large vessels including the inferior vena cava,common carotid artery,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein,and femoral *** parameters are closely related to dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness and can be used by providers to help guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill ***:Ultrasound in combination with passive leg raise is a non-invasive,costand time-effective modality that can be employed to assess volume status and response to fluid *** sonographic studies have focused on the evaluation of large veins such as the inferior vena cava,and internal jugular vein.A number of recently published studies also demonstrate the usefulness of evaluating large arteries to predict volume status.

关键词： Stroke volume Fluid responsiveness Ultrasound Non-invasive Hemodynamic

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DNNGP, a deep neural network-based method for genomic prediction using multi-omics data in plants

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Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 279-293页

作者： Kelin Wang Muhammad Ali Abid Awais Rasheed jose Crossa sarah Hearne Huihui Li Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)CIMMYT-China Office12 Zhongguancun South StreetBeijing 100081China Nanfan Research Institute CAASSanyaHainan 572024China Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal 6-641TexcocoD.F.06600Mexico

Genomic prediction is an effective way to accelerate the rate of agronomic trait improvement in *** methods typically use linear regression models with clear assumptions;such methods are unable to capture the complex relationships between genotypes and ***-linear models(e.g.,deep neural networks)have been proposed as a superior alternative to linear models because they can capture complex non-additive *** we introduce a deep learning(DL)method,deep neural network genomic prediction(DNNGP),for integration of multi-omics data in *** trained DNNGP on four datasets and compared its performance with methods built with five classic models:genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP);two methods based on a machine learning(ML)framework,light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM)and support vector regression(SVR);and two methods based on a DL framework,deep learning genomic selection(DeepGS)and deep learning genome-wide association study(DLGWAS).DNNGP is novel in five ***,it can be applied to a variety of omics data to predict ***,the multilayered hierarchical structure of DNNGP dynamically learns features from raw data,avoiding overfitting and improving the convergence rate using a batch normalization layer and early stopping and rectified linear activation(rectified linear unit)***,when small datasets were used,DNNGP produced results that are competitive with results from the other five methods,showing greater prediction accuracy than the other methods when large-scale breeding data were ***,the computation time required by DNNGP was comparable with that of commonly used methods,up to 10 times faster than ***,hyperparameters can easily be batch tuned on a local *** with GBLUP,LightGBM,SVR,DeepGS and DLGWAS,DNNGP is superior to these existing widely used genomic selection(GS)***,DNNGP can generate robust assessments from diverse datasets,including omics data

关键词： deep learning genomic selection multi-omics data prediction method

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Differential effects of energy balance on experimentally-induced colitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第7期18卷 627-636页

作者： sarah j McCaskey Elizabeth A Rondini Ingeborg M Langohr jenifer I Fenton Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States College of Osteopathic Medicine Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States

AIM： To characterize the influence of diet-induced changes in body fat on colitis severity in SlVlAD3-/- mice.METHODS： SMAD3-/- mice （6-8 wk of age） were ran- domly assigned to receive a calorie restricted （30% of control; CR）, control （CON）, or high fat （HF） diet for 20 wk and were gavaged with sterile broth or with Helicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus） to induce colitis. Four weeks after infection, mice were sacrificed and the cecum and colons were processed for histological evaluation.RESULTS： Dietary treatment significantly influenced body composition prior to infection （P 〈 0.05）, with CR mice having less （14%±2%） and HF-fed mice more body fat （32% ± 7%） compared to controls （22%±4%）. Differences in body composition were associated with alterations in plasma levels of leptin （HF 〉 CON 〉 CR） and adiponectin （CON 〉 HF 〉/ CR）（P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in colitis scores between CON and HF-fed mice 4 wk post-infection. Consistent with this, differences in proliferation and in- flammation markers （COX-2, iNOS）, and infiltrating cell types （CD3^＋ T lymphocytes, macrophages） were not observed. Unexpectedly, only 40% of CR mice survived infection with H. hepaticus, with mortality observed as early as I wk following induction of colitis.CONCLUSION： Increased adiposity does not influence colitis severity in SMAD3-/- mice. Importantly, caloric restriction negatively impacts survival following pathogen challenge, potentially due to an impaired immune response.

关键词： SMAD3 Colitis Adipokine Obesity Calorierestriction

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Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States at the start of 2023,during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 379-384页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan De-guang He Anu Sangraula sarah Faggert Alemi Amy Matecki American Traditional Chinese Medicine Association ViennaVA 22182USA McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ViennaVA 22182USA New England School of Acupuncture Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesBostonMA 02115USA Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Prevention and Control ProgramGeorgetown UniversityWashington DC 20057USA Eastern Roots Wellness PLCMcLeanVA 22101USA Sutter Health Alta Bates Summit Medical CenterOaklandCA 94609USA

This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists(LAcs),as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine(AOM),as of january 1,2023,in the United States(U.S.).The number of active LAcs as of january 1,2023 was 34,524,potentially33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states,among which the largest three states were California(with 7317 LAcs[21.19%of the total]),New York(5024[14.55%])and Florida(2644[7.66%]).The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87%from 2018,and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037,or 20.75%.The overall LAc density in the *** as the number of LAcs per 100,000 populationDwas 10.36,less than in *** were 56 active,accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs(121 at the level necessary for licensing[entry-level],12 for an advanced practicing degree[advanced-level],and 14 for certifications).Broken down further,offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture,40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine,31 entry-level doctorate degrees(10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine),and 12advanced-level doctorate degrees in *** certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in *** these schools in 2023,institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86%(decreased from 77.42%in 2018)of the national ***,Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%.There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in *** data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the *** been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

关键词： Acupuncturist Acupuncture educational institution Distribution Density Oriental medicine United States

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In situ Lu–Hf phosphate geochronology:Progress towards a new tool for space exploration

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第3期13卷 164-167页

作者： Stijn Glorie Thomas Burke Martin Hand Alexander Simpson sarah Gilbert Benjamin Wade Department of Earth Sciences The University of AdelaideSA 5005 AdelaideAustralia Adelade Microscopy The University of AdelaideSA 5005 AdelaideAustralia

Geochronology is fundamental to understanding planetary ***,as space exploration continues to expand,traditional dating methods,involving complex laboratory processes,are generally not realistic for unmanned space ***-style planetary exploration missions require dating methods that can(1)rapidly resolve age information on small samples,(2)be applied to minerals common in mafic rocks,and(3)be based on technologies that could be installed on future rover *** demonstrate the application of rapid in situ microanalytical Lu–Hf phosphate geochronology using samples of pallasite meteorites,which are representative examples of the deep interiors of differentiated planetoids that are generally difficult to *** pallasites were dated by laser ablation tandem mass-spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS/MS),demonstrating a rapid novel method for exploring planetary *** formation ages for individual pallasites agree with traditional methods and have<2%uncertainty,opening an avenue of opportunity for remote micro-analytical space exploration.

关键词： Pallasite meteorites Lu-Hf geochronology Laser ablation tandem mass-spectrometry Micro-analytical planetary exploration

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Modeling process-structure-property relationships for additive manufacturing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第4期13卷 482-492页

作者： Wentao YAN Stephen LIN Orion L. KAFKA Cheng YU Zeliang LIU Yanping LIAN sarah WOLFF jian CAO Gregory j. WAGNER Wing Kam LIU Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60201 USA

This paper presents our latest work on comprehensive modeling of process-structure-property relationships for additive manufacturing （AM） materials, including using data-mining techniques to close the cycle of design-predict-optimize. To illustrate the process- structure relationship, the multi-scale multi-physics pro- cess modeling starts from the micro-scale to establish a mechanistic heat source model, to the meso-scale models of individual powder particle evolution, and finally to the macro-scale model to simulate the fabrication process of a complex product. To link structure and properties, a high- efficiency mechanistic model, self-consistent clustering analyses, is developed to capture a variety of material response. The model incorporates factors such as voids, phase composition, inclusions, and grain structures, which are the differentiating features of AM metals. Furthermore, we propose data-mining as an effective solution for novel rapid design and optimization, which is motivated by the numerous influencing factors in the AM process. We believe this paper will provide a roadmap to advance AM fundamental understanding and guide the monitoring and advanced diagnostics of AM processing.

关键词： additive manufacturing thermal fluid flow data mining material modeling

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Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic:A state-of-the-art review

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第3期9卷 242-248页

作者： sarah M.Russel j.Madison Clark Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:To provide an overview of the various treatment options available in the clinic to achieve periorbital *** Sources:Literature review and expert ***:Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic can be accomplished through a variety of treatment modalities,including topical therapies,skin resurfacing,and fillers and ***,some surgical approaches,such as upper blepharoplasties,ptosis,and brow lifts,can be performed in the clinic under local anesthesia with only mild oral ***,the successful execution of such procedures depends on proper patient selection and maximizing patient comfort.

关键词： blepharoplasty chemexfoliation laser therapy rejuvenation skin aging

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Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China

Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow ac...

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强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第29届中国气象学会...

作者： sarah j.Doherty joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean

Black carbon（BC）,organic carbon（OC）,and mineral dust（MD） are the most important light-absorbing particulate impurities in snow.A field campaign was conducted in january and February of 2010 to measure light-absorbing particles in snow across northern *** 400 snow samples were collected at 46 sites in 6 provinces.A spectrophotometer was used to separate snow particulate absorption by BC and non-BC constituents,based on the different spectral dependences of their light *** absorption by mineral dust is due to iron oxides,so iron concentration was determined by chemical *** assumed mass absorption efficiencies for BC,OC and iron,the fractional contribution of each to total absorption was *** lowest concentrations of BC were in the remote northeast on the border of Siberia,with an average concentration in surface snow of 135 *** of this,in the Industrial Northeast,the median snow BC concentration was 1220 *** the northeast,snow particulate light absorption was dominated by *** the grassland of Inner Mongolia OC,likely mostly from local soil,dominates light absorption,with median BC concentrations of 340 ng.g-1 responsible for only about a third of total particulate light *** the Qilian Mountains,at the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau,snow particulate light absorption is dominated by local soil and desert dust.

关键词： black carbon snow albedo light-absorbing particles absorption ngstrm exponent

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