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Altered gut microbiota patterns in COVID-19:Markers for inflammation and disease severity

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第25期28卷 2802-2822页

作者： Chiranjib Chakraborty Ashish Ranjan Sharma Manojit Bhattacharya Kuldeep Dhama sang-soo lee School of Life Science and Biotechnology Adamas UniversityKolkata 700126India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopaedic Surgery Hallym UniversityChuncheon-si 24252South Korea Department of Zoology Fakir Mohan UniversityBalasore 756020India Division of Pathology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute(IVRI)Bareilly 243122Uttar PradeshIndia Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym UniversityChuncheon-si 24252South Korea

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection leads to a severe respiratory illness and alters the gut microbiota,which dynamically interacts with the human immune system.Microbiota alterations include decreased levels of beneficial bacteria and augmentation of opportunistic pathogens.Here,we describe critical factors affecting the microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.These include,such as gut microbiota imbalance and gastrointestinal symptoms,the pattern of altered gut microbiota composition in COVID-19 patients,and crosstalk between the microbiome and the gut-lung axis/gut-brain-lung axis.Moreover,we have illustrated the hypoxia state in COVID-19 associated gut microbiota alteration.The role of ACE2 in the digestive system,and control of its expression using the gut microbiota is discussed,highlighting the interactions between the lungs,the gut,and the brain during COVID-19 infection.Similarly,we address the gut microbiota in elderly or co-morbid patients as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis of in severe COVID-19.Several clinical trials to understand the role of probiotics in COVID-19 patients are listed in this review.Augmented inflammation is one of the major driving forces for COVID-19 symptoms and gut microbiome disruption and is associated with disease severity.However,understanding the role of the gut microbiota in immune modulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection may help improve therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment.

关键词： COVID-19 Inflammation Gut microbiota Therapeutic

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Ebola virus disease: Recent advances in diagnostics and therapeutics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第9期12卷 385-395页

作者： Supriya Jagga Ashish Ranjan Sharma Chiranjib Chakraborty sang-soo lee Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalHallym UniversityChuncheon 24252 Republie of Korea Department of Biotechnology School of Life Science and BiotechnologyAdamas UniversityBarasat Barackpore RdKlltaWest Bengal 700126 lndia

Ebola virus disease(EVD)is associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates,with a high rate of fatality(up to 90%).Some outbreaks in human history have proven the lethality of EVD.The recent epidemic of 2014 and 2015 in West Africa was the deadliest of all time(11 284 deaths).To understand the transmission dynamics,we have reviewed the epidemiology of EVD to date.The absence of any licensed vaccines or approved drugs against Ebola virus(EBOV)further highlights the severity and crisis level of EVD.Some organizations(public and private)are making considerable efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccines to contain the outbreak of EBOV shortly.Here,we summarized the various potential drugs and vaccines(undergoing multiple phases of clinical trials)that have arisen as an alternative against EBOV,and we highlighted the numerous issues and limitations hindering this process.Alternatively,an increasing focus on strengthening the medical and civic health structure could provide speedy benefits in containing the spread of EVD,as well as offer a resilient foundation for the deployment of novel drugs and vaccines to the affected countries,once such drugs and vaccines become available.

关键词： Ebola virus Vaccines Therapeutics Ebola outbreaks Diagnostics Epidemiology Haemorrhagic fever

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Anti-inflammatory effects of traditional mixed extract of medicinal herbs(MEMH)on monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty arthritis

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第8期15卷 561-575页

作者： Ju-Suk Nam Supriya Jagga Ashish Ranjan Sharma Joon-Hee lee Jong Bong Park Jun-Sub Jung sang-soo lee Institute For Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalChuncheonGangwon-do24252Republic of Korea Institute of Natural Medicine College of MedicineHallym UniversityChucheonGangwon-do 24252Republic of Korea Hana Oriental Clinic ChucnheonGangwon-do 24433Republic of Korea

Korean oriental medicine prescription is widely used for the treatment of gouty diseases. In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of modified Korean herbal formulation, mixed extract of medicinal herbs(MEMH), and its modulatory effects on inflammatory mediators associated with gouty arthritis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of MEMH on monosodium urate(MSU) crystals-induced gouty inflammation. MSU crystals stimulated human chondrosarcoma cell line, SW1353, and human primary chondrocytes were treated with MEMH in vitro. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and metalloproteases were analyzed. The effect of MEMH on NFκB signaling pathway in SW1353 cells was examined. Effect of MEMH on the mR NA expression level of pro-inflammatory mediators and chemotactic factor from human monocytic cell line, THP-1, was also analyzed. The probable role of MEMH in the differentiation process of osteoblast like cells, SaO S-2, after MSU treatment was also observed. To investigate the effects of MEMH in vivo, MSU crystals-induced ankle arthritic model was established. Histopathological changes in affected joints and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators(IL-1β and TNFα) were recorded. MEMH inhibited NFκB signaling pathway and COX-2 protein expression in chondrocytes. MSU-induced mR NA expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators and chemotactic cytokines were suppressed by MEMH. In MSU crystals-induced ankle arthritic mouse model, administration of MEMH relieved inflammatory symptoms and decreased the plasma levels of IL-1β and TNFα. The results indicated that MEMH can effectively inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators in gouty arthritis, demonstrating its potential for treating gouty arthritis.

关键词： Gout Monosodium urate crystals Inflammation Chondrocyte Oriental medicine

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomies with fully covered self-expandable metallic stents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4435-4440页

作者： Tae Jun Song Yil Sik Hyun sang soo lee Do Hyun Park Dong Wan Seo Sung Koo lee Myung-Hwan Kim Department of Internal Medicine Inje University Ilsan Paik HospitalKoyang 411-706South Korea Department of Internal Medicine University of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoul 138-736South Korea

AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy(EUS-CDS) with a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent(FCSEMS).METHODS:From April 2009 to August 2010,15 patients with distal malignant biliary obstructions who were candidates for alternative techniques for biliary decompression due to a failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) were included.These 15 patients consisted of 8 men and 7 women and had a median age of 61 years(range:30-91 years).The underlying causes of the distal malignant biliary obstruction were pancreatic cancer(n = 9),ampulla of Vater cancer(n = 2),renal cell carcinoma(n = 1),advanced gastric cancer(n = 1),lymphoma(n = 1),and duodenal cancer(n = 1).RESULTS:The technical success rate of EUS-CDS with an FCSEMS was 86.7%(13/15),and functional success was achieved in 100%(13/13) of those cases.In two patients,the EUS-CDS failed because an FCSEMS with a delivery device could not be passed into the common bile duct.The mean duration of stent patency was 264 d.Early adverse events developed in three patients(3/13,23.1%),including self-limited pneumoperitoneum in two patients and cholangitis requiring stent reposition in one patient.During the follow-up period(median:186 d,range:52-388 d),distal stent migration occurred in four patients(4/13,30.8%).In 3 patients,the FCSEMS could be reinserted through the existing choledochoduodenal fistula tract.CONCLUSION:EUS-CDS with an FCSEMS is technically feasible and can lead to effective palliation of distal malignant biliary obstructions after failed ERCP.

关键词：金属支架内镜引导超声覆膜胰腺癌完全覆盖肠吻合术

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Clinical usefulness of ankle brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in patients with ischemic stroke

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第4期30卷 285-291页

作者： Hyung-Suk lee Hye Lim lee Ho-seong Han Minju Yeo Ji Seon Kim Sung-Hyun lee sang-soo lee Dong-Ick Shin Department of Neurology Yuseong Sun General Hospital Daejeon 34084 Korea Department of Neurology Chungbuk National University College of Medicine Chungbuk National University Hospital Cheongju 28644 Korea

Ankle brachial index （ABI） and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （baPWV） are widely used noninvasive modalities to evaluate atherosclerosis. Recently, evidence has increased supporting the use of ABI and baPWV as markers of cerebrovascular disease. This study sought to examine the relationship between ABI and baPWV with ischemic stroke. This study also aimed to determine which pathogenic mechanism, large artery disease （LAD） or small vessel disease （SVD）, is related to ABI or baPWV. Retrospectively, 121 patients with ischemic stroke and 38 subjects with no obvious ischemic stroke history were recruited. First, ABI and baPWV were compared between the groups. Then, within the stroke group, the relevance of ABI and baPWV with regard to SVD and LAD, which were classified by brain magnetic resonance image （MRI） and magnetic resonance angiography （MRA） or computed tomography angiography （CTA） findings, was assessed. The baPWV was higher in the stroke group than non-stroke group （1,944.18±416.6 cm/s vs. 1,749.76±669.6 crn/s, P 〈 0.01）. Regarding LAD, we found that mean ABI value was lower in the group with extracranial large artery stenosis （P 〈 0.01）, and there was an inverse linear correlation between ABI and the grade of extracranial large artery stenosis （P〈 0.01）. For SVD, there was a significant correlation between SVD and baPWV （2,057.6±456.57 cm/s in the SVD （＋） group vs. 1,491±271.62 cm/s in the SVD （-） group; P 〈 0.01）. However, the grade of abnormalities detected in SVD did not correlate linearly with baPWV. These findings show that baPWV is a reliable surrogate marker ofischemic stroke. Furthermore, baPWVand ABI can be used to indicate the presence of small vessel disease and large arterial disease, respectively.

关键词： ABI baPWV small vessel disease intracranial artery stenosis extracranial artery stenosis

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PPARγLBD and its ligand specificity reveal a selection of potential partial agonist:Molecular dynamics based T2D drug discovery initiative

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BIOCELL 2021年第4期45卷 953-961页

作者： BIDYUT MALLICK ASHISH RANJAN SHARMA MANOJIT BHATTACHARYA sang-soo lee CHIRANJIB CHAKRABORTY Department of Applied Science Galgotias College of Engineering and TechnologyKnowledge Park-IIGreater Noida201306India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalChuncheon-si24252Korea Department of Zoology Fakir Mohan UniversityVyasa ViharBalasore756020India Department of Biotechnology School of Life Science and BiotechnologyAdamas UniversityKolkata700126India

PPARγis a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)family protein and is a target for type 2 diabetes(T2D).In this paper,we have performed a molecular docking analysis between ligand molecules(CID9816265,CID11608015,CID20251380,CID20251343,CID20556263,CID624491,CID42609928,and CID86287562)and PPARγto determine the ligand specificity.It also helps to understand the ligand-binding domain(LBD)activity of PPARγduring the binding of the ligand.Further,a molecular dynamics simulation study was performed to determine the ligand biding stability in the PPARγLBD.Its ligand specificity informed us about the potentiality of selecting a partial agonist.The study also shows the binding conformation of Ceramicine B having hydrogen bonding affinity with a tricyclic polar head and stabilized theβ-sheet region.On the other hand,the tricyclic polar head of nimbolide also formed hydrogen bonding(Ser342),but it shows a lesser degree of stabilization in theβ-sheet region.It shows the binding conformation of partial agonist(PPARγ)in the Pocket-II of PPARγLBD,which has a significant role in stabilizing theβ-sheet region.It might help to regulate ERK/Cdk5 mediated phosphorylation of Ser245.The study helps us understand the valid pose of a set of ligands confirmation and target protein conformation using docking and molecular dynamics study.This in silico study will also help to initiate a drug discovery process of T2D.

关键词： PPARγ Partial agonist Molecular simulation T2D Drug discovery

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The 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic: A zoonotic prospective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第6期13卷 242-246页

作者： Chiranjib Chakraborty Ashish Ranjan Sharma Manojit Bhattacharya Garima Sharma sang-soo lee Department of Biotechnology School of Life Science and BiotechnologyAdamas UniversityBarasat-Barrackpore RdKolkataWest Bengal 700126India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalChuncheon-si24252Gangwon-doRepublic of Korea Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of PharmacyKangwon National UniversityRepublic of Korea

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel coronavirus(CoV),has recently emerged as a significant pathogen for humans and the cause for the recent outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)throughout the globe.For developing any preventive measure,an understanding of the zoonotic pattern for this virus is a necessity.We should have a clear knowledge of its reservoir host,its distribution pattern and spreading routes.Information about zoonotic reservoirs and its transmission among them can help to understand the COVID-19 outbreaks.In this article,we discuss about the bats as the zoonotic reservoir of several CoV strains,co-existence of bats and CoV/viruses,the sequence similarity of SARS-CoV-2 with bat SARS-like CoV,the probable source of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 strain and COVID-19 outbreak,intermediate host of CoVs and SARS-CoV-2,human to human transmission and the possibility to maintain the zoonotic barriers.Our knowledge about the zoonotic reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and its transmission ability may help develop the preventive measures and control for the future outbreak of CoV.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Coronavirus Zoonotic reservoir

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Modeling the impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on soil CO_2 fluxes from a Switchgrass stand recently converted from cropland

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 15-25页

作者： Liming Lai Sandeep Kumar Rajesh Chintala Vance N. Owens David Clay Joseph Schumacher Abdul-Sattar Nizami sang soo lee Rashad Rafique Department of Plant Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota 57007 USA. North Central Sun Grant Center South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota 57007 USA Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES) King Abdulaziz University Abdullah Sulayman Jeddah 22254 Saudi Arabia kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 South Korea Joint global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Lab College Park Maryland 20740 USA

Switchgrass（Panicum virgatum L.） is a perennial C_4 grass native to North America and successfully adapted to diverse environmental conditions. It offers the potential to reduce soil surface carbon dioxide（CO_2） fluxes and mitigate climate change. However, information on how these CO_2 fluxes respond to changing climate is still lacking. In this study, CO_2 fluxes were monitored continuously from 2011 through 2014 using high frequency measurements from Switchgrass land seeded in 2008 on an experimental site that has been previously used for soybean（Glycine max L.） in South Dakota, USA. DAYCENT, a process-based model, was used to simulate CO_2 fluxes. An improved methodology CPTE[Combining Parameter estimation（PEST） with ＂Trial and Error＂ method] was used to calibrate DAYCENT. The calibrated DAYCENT model was used for simulating future CO_2 emissions based on different climate change scenarios. This study showed that：（i） the measured soil CO_2 fluxes from Switchgrass land were higher for 2012 which was a drought year, and these fluxes when simulated using DAYCENT for long-term（2015–2070） provided a pattern of polynomial curve;（ii） the simulated CO_2 fluxes provided different patterns with temperature and precipitation changes in a long-term,（iii） the future CO_2 fluxes from Switchgrass land under different changing climate scenarios were not significantly different, therefore, it can be concluded that Switchgrass grown for longer durations could reduce changes in CO_2 fluxes from soil as a result of temperature and precipitation changes to some extent.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Switchgrass DAYCENT Climate change

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Diagnostic performance of the current risk-stratified approach with computed tomography for suspected choledocholithiasis and its options when negative finding

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第4期18卷 366-372页

作者： Hyun Woo lee Tae Jun Song Do Hyun Park sang soo lee Dong-Wan Seo Sung Koo lee Myung-Hwan Kim Jae Hyuck Jun Ji Eun Moon Yeon Han Song Digestive Disease Center and Research Institute Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University School of MedicineBucheonKorea Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoulKorea Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Eulji College of MedicineEulji Medical CenterDaejeonKorea Department of Biostatistics Clinical trial centerSoonchunhyang University Bucheon HospitalBucheonKorea

Background:Several studies evaluated the current guideline of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE)and reported only suboptimal accuracy.This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the ASGE guideline based on computed tomography(CT)and role of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis but negative CT finding.Methods:Patients with suspected choledocholithiasis undergoing ERCP between January 2016 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent CT to detect choledocholithiasis.EUS or MRCP was performed when the CT scan showed negative findings.Patients were classified into the high and intermediate-risk groups,based on predictors from the ASGE criteria.Results:Of 583 patients with suspected choledocholithiasis,340(58.3%)had stones on ERCP(65.9%in the high-risk group and 40.6%in the intermediate-risk group).The accuracy of ASGE guideline for CT was 63.98%(79.12%sensitivity,42.80%specificity)and 36.02%(20.88%sensitivity,57.20%specificity)in the high-risk and intermediate-risk groups,respectively.In 103 patients in the high-risk group underwent both CT and US,the accuracy of CT was higher than that of US for detecting choledocholithiasis(78.64%vs.53.40%),with a significant difference in area under the curve(AUC)(0.78 vs.0.59,P<0.001).Of 339 with negative CT finding,the accuracy of EUS was higher than that of MRCP(90.91%vs.82.76%),but with no significant difference in AUC(0.91 vs.0.83,P=0.347).Conclusions:CT-based ASGE guideline showed superior diagnostic performance than US for predicting choledocholithiasis.The diagnostic options,EUS or MRCP,with negative CT finding showed comparable performance.Therefore,the diagnostic modality should be selected based on availability,experience,cost,and contraindications.

关键词： Choledocholithiasis ASGE guideline Accuracy Endoscopic ultrasound Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

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Risk of fracture and pneumonia from acid suppressive drugs

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World Journal of Methodology 2011年第1期1卷 15-21页

作者： Chun-Sick Eom sang-soo lee Department of Family Medicine Institute for Skeletal Aging Hallym University-Sacred Heart Hospital Kang-wondo 200-704 South Korea Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Sur-gery Infectious Disease Medical Research Center Hallym Uni-versity-Sacred Heart Hospital Kangwondo 200-704 South KoreaAuthor contributions: Eom CS and Lee SS contributed equally to this paper.

A recently published systematic review and meta-analysis, incorporating all relevant studies on the association of acid suppressive medications and pneumonia identified up to August 2009, revealed that for every 200 patients, treated with acid suppressive medication, one will develop pneumonia. They showed the overall risk of pneumonia was higher among people using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11-1.46, I(2) = 90.5%] and Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36, I(2) = 0.0%). In the randomized controlled trials, use of H2RAs was associated with an elevated risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (relative risk 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.48, I(2) = 30.6%). Another meta-analysis of 11 studies published between 1997 and 2011 found that PPIs, which reduce stomach acid production, were associated with increased risk of fracture. The pooled OR for fracture was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.18-1.41) with use of PPIs and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99-1.23) with use of H2RAs, when compared with non-use of the respective medications. Long-term use of PPIs increased the risk of any fracture (adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15-1.48) and of hip fracture risk (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09-1.66), whereas long-term H2RA use was not significantly associated with fracture risk. Clinicians should carefully consider when deciding to prescribe acid-suppressive drugs, especially for patients who are already at risk for pneumonia and fracture. Since it is unnecessary to achieve an achlorhydric state in order to resolve symptoms, we recommend using the only minimum effective dose of drug required to achieve the desired therapeutic goals.

关键词： Acid-suppressive drugs Pneumonia Fracture

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